Jack Donovan

Last updated

Jack Donovan
Jack Donovan with Vajra - 2021-cropped.jpg
Donovan in 2021
Born1974 (age 49–50)
Pennsylvania, U.S.
Occupation(s)Author, blogger, speaker
Movement

Jack Donovan (born 1974) is an American far-right writer and activist. A self-described masculinist, Donovan was an influential figure in the alt-right until he disavowed the movement in 2017. He has at various times advocated male supremacy, [1] [2] white nationalism, [3] [4] fascism, [1] [5] and the political disenfranchisement of women. [4] He led a chapter of the Wolves of Vinland, a Norse neopagan organization and SPLC-designated hate group, from 2014 to 2018. [1]

Contents

Personal life

Donovan was born in 1974 and grew up in a blue-collar household in rural Pennsylvania. [6] : 243  He moved to New York in the 1990s to study fine art. During this period, he says that he attended and worked as a dancer at gay clubs, marched in gay pride parades, and associated with drag queens. [5] [7] He later dropped out of college and became a manual laborer. [5] Donovan has also lived in California and Portland, Oregon. He has worked as a club dancer, truck driver, and tattoo artist. [6] : 243 

Donovan is a former Satanist, [8] : 173  and became an ordained priest of the Church of Satan in 2007. [7] He left the church in 2009. [6] : 243 

Donovan has been described as gay, [4] though he does not use the label for himself and has criticized gay culture as effeminate. [8] : 173  He has described himself as an "androphile", a term he uses to describe romance and sex between masculine men. [8] : 113  In his 2006 book Androphilia: A Manifesto, he wrote, "I am not gay because the word gay connotes so much more than same-sex desire... The word gay describes a whole cultural and political movement that promotes anti-male feminism, victim mentality, and leftist politics." [5] He removed the book from print in 2017, and has said he has "transcended both that identity and that sexuality". [9]

Career

Books

Donovan has authored several books about masculinity and masculism.

Donovan published Androphilia: A Manifesto: Rejecting the Gay Identity, Reclaiming Masculinity under the pseudonym Jack Malebranche in 2006. [6] : 243  [5] In this book, Donovan describes what he sees as a distinction between same-sex desire and the word "gay", which to him "describes a whole cultural and political movement that promotes anti-male feminism, victim mentality, and leftist politics". Donovan defined himself in the term "androphile", which he used to describe men who are romantically or sexually attracted to masculine men. [5] He removed the book from print in 2017, and has said he has "transcended both that identity and that sexuality". [9]

In 2009, Donovan and Nathan F. Miller co-authored the book Blood Brotherhood and Other Rites of Male Alliance. [6] : 243  Originating from his belief that same-sex relationships in men are intrinsically different from marriage, the book discusses formalizing homosexual male relationships based on blood-bonding rituals in various cultures. [6] : 244 

In 2012, Donovan published The Way of Men, which has since been translated into French, Portuguese, and German. [6] : 243  [10] In this book, he advocates for a societal structure he calls "the gang" or "The Brotherhood": small groups of men banding together for survival against the outside world. [6] : 244 

He published a collection of essays and speeches titled A Sky Without Eagles in 2014, [11] and the books Becoming a Barbarian in 2016 and A More Complete Beast in 2018. [12]

Other work

Donovan wrote about topics related to Satanism for Lust Magazine, a sexuality magazine created by members of the Church of Satan. In 2007, Donovan (using the Malebranche pen name) edited and published Lust Magazine: The Archives 2003–2006, a collection of selected works from the magazine. [13]

Donovan used to write for the online anti-feminist journal, The Spearhead, which was published from 2009 to 2014. [6] : 250 

Donovan was an early writer for AlternativeRight.com, an online magazine founded by Richard B. Spencer that was published from 2010 to 2012. [8] : 100, 112  Donovan also wrote for another of Spencer's publications, Radix Journal , for Jared Taylor's American Renaissance , and for Greg Johnson's Counter-Currents. [14] [6] : 250 

Donovan spoke at the American Renaissance conference in 2014. [6] : 250  [15] He also spoke in 2013 and 2015 at the National Policy Institute (NPI), Spencer's white supremacist think-tank. [4] [16] The Daily Stormer's Andrew Anglin led a boycott of the 2015 National Policy Institute conference after learning that Donovan was speaking, opposing the conference's choice to invite a homosexual speaker. [6] : 251  Michael Hill of the League of the South refused to share a stage with Donovan at a NPI conference because of Donovan's sexuality. [17]

In Milo Yiannopoulos's March 2016 Breitbart article, "An Establishment Conservative's Guide to the Alt-Right", he relied on Donovan's writings alongside those of Richard B. Spencer and Steve Sailer. [14] In May 2016, Donovan appeared on Yiannopoulos's podcast. [18]

Donovan has spoken several times, including in 2019, at the 21 Convention, a manosphere conference organized by Anthony "Dream" Johnson. [19] [20]

Donovan and Tanner Guzy co-founded CHEST magazine, which is based in Utah, United States. [21]

Views

Masculinity

Donovan has been described as a male supremacist and a "male tribalist". [8] : 113  [2] He is sometimes seen to be a part of the manosphere, though the prevalence of homophobia in the manospherian communities has affected his reception. [6] : 249–250 

He is a self-described "masculinist" and promotes a version of male supremacy that focuses on his hatred of "effeminacy", feminism, and weakness. [4] [8] : 112  Much of Donovan's ideology centers around "The Brotherhood", his ideal social and political structure which he says is based around the "tribal" relationships between male warriors. He describes The Brotherhood as a meritocratic group in which men must become warriors, and where only men have political say. [8] : 113  Researcher Matthew N. Lyons has contrasted Donovan's Brotherhood ideal, where male camaraderie is central, to that of the Christian right, which heavily focuses on the family unit. [8] : 113 

Donovan does not support gay rights, partially out of a lack of belief in civil rights in general. Describing "reproductive sexuality" of straights as superior to that of gay men, he suggests that straight people deserve more power and privilege. He opposes other parts of the LGBT community, including lesbian, trans, and genderqueer people. He also opposes consensual BDSM. [4]

Wolves of Vinland

Donovan joined the Wolves of Vinland in 2014 after visiting their rural Virginia community, and his work helped the Wolves refine their philosophy. Lyons has said the Wolves of Vinland were an example of Donovan's "Brotherhood" ideal, as they performed group rituals including animal sacrifice, and had members fight one another as a "test [of] their masculinity". [8] : 113  The Wolves of Vinland are a Norse neopagan group who only allow white members, viewing racial unity as necessary for tribal unity. [22] According to the Political Research Associates' Shane Burley, "While the Wolves maintained a public persona of political neutrality, they had become a social center for the growing Alt Right and were openly welcoming active racialist leaders." [22]

Donovan formed the Cascadia chapter of the group in 2015. [5] [22] In 2018, the Southern Poverty Law Center added the Wolves of Vinland to their list of hate groups, classifying it as a neo-völkisch hate group. [1] Donovan left the Wolves of Vinland in 2018, later saying his association with the group was during a "dark chapter" in his life. [22]

Women

Donovan has said that men are "domesticated by women", and that "gang masculinity" is the only path to reversing this. [23] He has called for restoring "traditional" gender roles, restricting women to birthing and raising children, and preventing them from leadership in society or politics. [8] : 113  Donovan has suggested that women exist only to give birth to men, and that a family is useful only to make possible his idea of The Brotherhood. [8] : 173  Donovan has said he doesn't believe women are evil, but that they are self-serving and must be controlled so as their wishes do not clash with men's interests. [8] : 174 

Donovan has argued that "cultural Marxism" has resulted in normal male sexual behavior being considered sexual victimization, and that women use their chastity to control men. [17]

Politics

Donovan's ideology are usually characterized as part of the manosphere and alt-right movements, and have been described as male supremacist, white nationalist, and accelerationist.

He was an influential member of the alt-right from 2010 to 2017. [8] : 172  [24] Donovan was sympathetic towards the white nationalist goals of the movement, such as promoting racial separatism and fighting "anti-white bias". [8] : 172  According to Lyons, Donovan's primary focus in writing was on masculinity, and race was a secondary topic. Lyons also attributed the misogynist shift of the alt-right movement in part to Donovan, who he said contributed towards increasingly popular beliefs within the alt-right that women were unsuited to politics and unimportant to the movement. [6] : 251  Shane Burley wrote that Donovan was well received among the alt-right because of "his extreme anti-feminism and defense of male violence", and that "his presence helps to round out the Alt Right's ideas about gender, introduces the Men's Rights community to their work, and he has pushed the reclaiming of Nordic racial spirituality and close-knit tribal structures that are ethnically defined". [17]

Donna Minkowitz has written that Donovan attempted to downplay his "racist beliefs" while speaking to his fanbase, though noted that he had published writings on his website about the "black-on-white crime rate" and "anti-white bias", and written that he supported white nationalists. [4] Even while still a member of the alt-right, Donovan denied being a white nationalist himself, and described the idea of a white ethnostate as a "silly goal". [5] In his 2011 essay "Mighty White", for instance, Donovan notes that he prefers to write about the sexiness of "violent machismo" rather than white nationalism. In May 2017, Donovan wrote an essay title "Why I am not a White Nationalist", describing how he does not wish to organize with anyone, preferring instead "to hang out in the woods with ... the people who I am oathed to, my tribe, the Wolves of Vinland". Nonetheless, he regularly repeats white nationalist talking points, and has expressed support for their beliefs. [4] [3] Lyons has said of Donovan, "he has a history of seeking common ground with white nationalists, but he is actually not one of them". [6] : 242 

Donovan has called for the political disenfranchisement of women, advocating unilateral control of society by white men. He advocates a dissolution of the United States, which he believes to be on the verge of collapse, through a process called "pan-secessionism", in which societies would be devolved into racially-segregated autonomous zones. He suggests that his allies build resilient local networks to "survive the collapse and preserve your identities after the Fall". Donovan views this in a positive light, as an opportunity make America "a place for men again". [8] : 119  In his book A Sky Without Eagles, he advocates "pan-secessionism", an idea in which racially segregated, small, decentralized "homelands" would form. In all-white "autonomous zones", says Donovan, men would control political life, with women "not permitted to rule or take part in... political life". [4]

Donovan has also advocated for a version of "anarcho-fascism", [5] [8] : 114  which he said refers to a "unified male collective... bound together by a red ribbon of blood." [8] : 114  He later said that he wasn't "an anarchist or fascist proper", but was rather emphasizing that "revitalizing tribal manliness will require a chaotic break from modernity." [8] : 114  Lyons has written that "Donovan's male tribalism resonates strongly with themes found in classical fascism... of violent male camaraderie at odds with 'bourgeois' family life, glorification of the masculine body, exclusion of women, and sometimes even homoeroticism". [6] : 247 

Donovan wrote in 2012 that the United States was moving towards a failed state, and encouraged people in the alt-right to prepare so they could "survive the collapse and preserve your identities after the Fall". Donovan viewed the predicted failure in a positive light, as an opportunity make America "a place where men can restart the world". [8] : 120  [25]

Prior to the 2016 United States presidential election, Donovan tentatively supported Hillary Clinton as a candidate who could "drive home the reality that white men are no longer in charge... and that [the United States] is no longer their country and never will be again". [8] : 121  He argued that a Trump presidency would only serve to hide the flaws in the system. [6] : 251 

Donovan disavowed the alt-right in August 2017, following the Unite the Right rally in which an antifascist protester was killed. [8] : 114  He wrote that he would no longer allow white nationalists to use or publish his writing, criticized Richard B. Spencer for describing the alt-right as a white nationalist movement, and decried the Unite the Right rally for bringing members of the alt-right together with neo-Nazis and members of the Ku Klux Klan, who he wrote "actively despise me and my friends". [6] : 252  Donovan said in 2020 that he wished "White Nationalists would burn my books and stop following me". He also said that he chose to be a member of the alt-right during a difficult time in his life, and that he was trying to put the association behind him. [22]

Gay rights

Donovan does not support gay rights, partially out of his lack of belief in civil rights in general. He has stated that straight people deserve more power and privilege due to the perceived inferiority of gay men's "reproductive sexuality" to that of heterosexuals. He has expressed hatred for portions of the LGBT community, including lesbian, transgender, and genderqueer people. [4] He has opposed same-sex marriage, explaining that he believes the traditional nuclear family to be advantageous to society. [6] : 244 

Investigative journalist and right-wing extremism expert Chip Berlet noted that the emergence of homosexual figures such as Donovan and James O'Meara among the alt-right in the United States was unusual compared to white supremacist groups in Europe. [4] Lyons observed that although Donovan himself was hated among many in the alt-right because of his sexuality, his work was well-regarded in the movement. [8] : 114  Feminist scholar Sally Rowena Munt, writing in February 2018 for Cultural Studies, attributed Donovan's rejection of the term "gay" to internalized homophobic shame, which she wrote "is certainly an issue within neo-fascist culture." [24]

Other activities

Donovan spoke at Richard B. Spencer's white supremacist thinktank, the National Policy Institute, in 2013 [16] and 2015. [4]

In 2016, Donovan appeared on then-Breitbart News editor Milo Yiannopoulos' podcast. [26] [18] Donovan was one of several alt-right figure Yiannopoulos cited in his article "An Establishment Conservative Guide to the Alt-Right", alongside Richard B. Spencer and Steve Sailer. [14]

Donovan was member of the Wolves of Vinland, a Norse neopagan group based in Virginia that has been described by the Southern Poverty Law Center as a "Neo-Volkisch hate group", [1] from 2014 to 2018. [8] : 112  [1]

Reception

Donovan has built a brand around his macho looks and persona. Muscular and tattooed, he was described by Minkowitz in June 2017 as a "beefcake for the neofascist cause". Minkowitz wrote that Donovan's primary fanbase consists of straight men from the manosphere and pickup artist cultures and gay men interested in his hypermasculine style. [4]

In a May 2018 interview with The Hollywood Reporter , Fight Club author Chuck Palahniuk listed Donovan as an influence on his own writing. When asked, "What do you enjoy reading, watching, listening to? What fuels you, and also informs your work?" Palahniuk, in part, replied, "I read Jack Donovan because he's one of the few men writing about male issues with the skill and passion of a Roxane Gay or Margaret Atwood." [27]

Donovan has been featured in several German-language literary publications and media – positively by the far-right, but also very critically in various publications on the political movement's concepts of gender. Historian Volker Weiß called him an "apocalyptic misogynist tending to be a Neanderthal". [28] Author and journalist Simon Volpers published a monograph on Donovan's biography as well as on his political and gender-theoretical assertions. He identified them as a "variation of extreme right-wing conceptions of masculinity" and claimed that Donovan's writings are not of any essential novelty. [29]

Bibliography

See also

Related Research Articles

The men's liberation movement is a social movement critical of the restraints which society imposes on men. Men's liberation activists are generally sympathetic to feminist standpoints.

Taki's Magazine, called Takimag for short, is an online magazine of politics and culture published by the Greek paleoconservative commentator and socialite Taki Theodoracopulos and edited by his daughter Mandolyna Theodoracopulos. It has published articles by far-right figures such as Gavin McInnes and the white supremacist Jared Taylor; the white supremacist Richard Spencer was an early Taki's editor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milo Yiannopoulos</span> British polemicist and political commentator

Milo Yiannopoulos is a British far-right political commentator. His speeches and writings criticise Islam, feminism, social justice, and political correctness. Yiannopoulos is a former editor of Breitbart News, an American far-right news and opinion website.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard B. Spencer</span> American white supremacist (born 1978)

Richard Bertrand Spencer is an American political commentator mostly known for his neo-Nazi, antisemitic and white supremacist views. Spencer claimed to have coined the term "alt-right" and was the most prominent advocate of the alt-right movement from its earliest days. He advocates for the reconstitution of the European Union into a white racial empire, which he believes will replace the diverse European ethnic identities with one homogeneous "White identity".

The manosphere is a diverse collection of websites, blogs, and online forums promoting masculinity, misogyny, and opposition to feminism. Communities within the manosphere include men's rights activists (MRAs), incels, Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOW), pick-up artists (PUA), and fathers' rights groups. While the specifics of each group's beliefs sometimes conflict, they are generally united in the belief that society is biased against men due to the influence of feminism, and that feminists promote misandry, or hatred of men. Acceptance of these ideas is described as "taking the red pill", a metaphor borrowed from the film The Matrix.

Cleo Manago is an African American activist and social architect who coined the term same gender loving as an alternative for African descended or black people who do not wish to identify as gay or lesbian due to the perceived Eurocentric nature of the latter terminology and community practices. Along with his activism, he is also a blogger and columnist. Manago rejects the terms gay, bisexual and lesbian because he believes they are white, eurocentric-constructed identities which do not culturally affirm the culture and history of African descended people. Manago is also the founder and CEO of AmASSI Health and Cultural Centers and Black Men's Xchange (BMX).

"Cuckservative" is a pejorative formed as a portmanteau of "cuck", an abbreviation of the word "cuckold", and the political designation "conservative". It has become a derogatory label used by white nationalists and the alt-right in the United States to denigrate conservatives.

Wolves of Vinland is a Norse neopagan group based in the outskirts of Lynchburg, Virginia. In 2018, the Southern Poverty Law Center added the Wolves of Vinland to its list of hate groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alt-right</span> Far-right white nationalist movement

The alt-right is a far-right, white nationalist movement. A largely online phenomenon, the alt-right originated in the United States during the late 2000s before increasing in popularity and establishing a presence in other countries during the mid-2010s, and has been declining since 2017. The term is ill-defined and has been used in different ways by academics, journalists, media commentators, and alt-right members themselves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lucian Wintrich</span> American writer and speaker

Lucian Baxter Wintrich IV is an American artist, photographer, writer, and media personality. He received widespread attention in 2017 as the White House correspondent for the conservative news and opinion site The Gateway Pundit. At age 28, he was one of the youngest members of the White House Press Corps, and among the first to be openly gay. During this time, Wintrich attracted significant controversy for his outspoken views on politics and culture. Many of his public appearances and art pieces have been met with protests ranging from civil disobedience to violent demonstrations.

Alpha male and beta male are pseudoscientific terms for men derived from the designations of alpha and beta animals in ethology. They may also be used with other genders, such as women, or additionally use other letters of the Greek alphabet. The popularization of these terms to describe humans has been widely criticized by scientists.

The alt-lite, also known as the alt-light and the new right, is a loosely defined right-wing political movement whose members regard themselves as separate from both mainstream conservatism and the far-right, white nationalist alt-right. The concept is primarily associated with the United States, where it emerged in 2017. The term remained in vogue during the Trump administration, as observers assessed all sources for right-wing populism, but has mostly faded from popular discourse as of 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Allsup</span> American white supremacist (born 1995)

James Orien Allsup is an American white supremacist, neo-Nazi, and former political commentator and podcaster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greg Johnson (white nationalist)</span> American white nationalist (born 1971)

Gregory Johnson is an American white nationalist and advocate for a white ethnostate. He is known for his role as editor-in-chief of the white nationalist imprint Counter-Currents Publishing, which he founded in 2010 with Michael Polignano.

Scholarship on nationalism and gender explores the processes by which gender affects and is impacted by the development of nationalism. Sometimes referred to as "gendered nationalism," gender and nationalism describes the phenomena whereby conceptions of the state or nation, including notions of citizenship, sovereignty, or national identity contribute to or arise in relation to gender roles.

Red Ice is a white supremacist multimedia company based in Sweden and led by the married couple Lana Lokteff and Henrik Palmgren. The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has described Red Ice as being important in the YouTube alt-right radicalization pipeline, further radicalizing people tentatively on the far-right and having "a history of embracing white supremacist rhetoric and talking points".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Groypers</span> Loose group of far-right activists and internet trolls

Groypers, sometimes called the Groyper Army, are a group of alt-right and white supremacist activists, provocateurs, and Internet trolls. They have attempted to introduce alt-right politics into mainstream conservatism in the United States, participated in the January 6 United States Capitol attack and the protests leading up to it, and hold extremist views. They have targeted other conservative groups and individuals whose agendas they view as too moderate and insufficiently nationalist. The Groyper movement has been described as white nationalist, homophobic, nativist, fascist, sexist, antisemitic, and an attempt to rebrand the declining alt-right movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Men Going Their Own Way</span> Anti-feminist, misogynistic, mostly online male-separatist community

Men Going Their Own Way is an anti-feminist, misogynistic, mostly online community advocating for men to separate themselves from women and society, which they believe has been corrupted by feminism. The community is a part of the manosphere, a collection of anti-feminist websites and online communities that also includes the men's rights movement, incels, and pickup artists.

Bronze Age Pervert, also known as BAP or B.A.P., is a pseudonymous far-right Internet personality, associated with the manosphere. The media have identified Costin Vlad Alamariu, a Romanian-American, as the person behind the pseudonym.

Kyle Chapman, also known by the nickname Based Stickman, is an American white nationalist and alt-right activist. He earned his nickname and prominence in the alt-right movement after he was recorded beating an anti-fascist counter-protester with a stick at the March 2017 March 4 Trump rally in Berkeley, California. Shortly after, he founded the Fraternal Order of the Alt-Knights (FOAK), a paramilitary group that is considered a partner or subgroup of the far-right, neo-fascist Proud Boys organization. He led the FOAK until later that year, when he faded from his leadership position following an assault conviction related to the March 4 Trump rally. In November 2020, Chapman announced an attempted takeover of the Proud Boys organization, as well as a plan to reform the group as an explicitly white supremacist organization. The attempted coup was not successful.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Neo-Völkisch". Southern Poverty Law Center . Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  2. 1 2 DiBranco, Alex (March 8, 2017). "Mobilizing Misogyny" (PDF). The Public Eye . Winter 2017. Political Research Associates: 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  3. 1 2 Perry, Douglas (August 15, 2017). "Tracking Oregon's white supremacist and other hate groups". The Oregonian . Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Minkowitz, Donna (June 5, 2017). "What's Attracting Gay Men to the Fascist, White Nationalist Alt-Right?". Slate . Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O'Connor, Maureen (April 30, 2017). "The Philosophical Fascists of the Gay Alt-Right". The Cut . Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Lyons, Matthew N. (2019). "Jack Donovan and Male Tribalism". In Sedgwick, Mark (ed.). Key Thinkers of the Radical Right: Behind the New Threat to Liberal Democracy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-087758-3.
  7. 1 2 Beck, Byron (May 22, 2007). "Jack Malebranche is Totally Not Gay". Willamette Week . Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Lyons, Matthew N. (2018). Insurgent supremacists: The U.S. Far Right's Challenge to State and Empire . Oakland, California: PM Press. ISBN   978-1-62963-511-8. OCLC   1004530444.
  9. 1 2 Donovan, Jack (September 25, 2019). "Positions & FAQ". Jack-Donovan.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  10. ↑ Donovan, Jack (2012). The Way of Men. Milwaukie, Oregon: Dissonant Hum. ISBN   978-0-9854523-0-8. OCLC   821049002.
  11. ↑ Donovan, Jack (2014). A Sky Without Eagles: Selected Essays and Speeches, 2010–2014. Milwaukie, Oregon: Dissonant Hum. ISBN   978-0-9854523-4-6. OCLC   910851876.
  12. ↑ Donovan, Jack (2016). Becoming a Barbarian. Dissonant Hum. ISBN   978-0-9854523-5-3. OCLC   1023345792.
  13. ↑ Faxneld, Per; Peterson, Jesper Aagaard (2014). Bogdan, Henrik; Lewis, James R. (eds.). "Cult of Carnality: Sexuality, Eroticism, and Gender in Contemporary Satanism". Sexuality and New Religious Movements. Palgrave Macmillan: 165–181. doi:10.1057/9781137386434_8. ISBN   978-1-137-38643-4 – via SpringerLink.
  14. 1 2 3 Hankes, Keegan (August 25, 2016). "Whose Alt-Right Is It Anyway?". Southern Poverty Law Center . Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  15. ↑ Arntz, Josh (May 3, 2014). "Rebel without a cause". The Tennessean .
  16. 1 2 Fox, Lauren M. (October 29, 2013). ""We want to change the world": Inside a white supremacist conference aimed at millennials". Salon . Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  17. 1 2 3 Burley, Shane (2017). Fascism Today: What It Is and How To End It. Chico, CA: AK Press. ISBN   978-1-84935-294-9. OCLC   974677495.
  18. 1 2 Donovan, Jack (May 6, 2016). "Episode 7: Jack Donovan". The Milo Yiannopoulos Show (Interview). Interviewed by Milo Yiannopoulos. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  19. ↑ Murdoch, Simon (October 25, 2019). "The 'Woodstock of the Manosphere': Florida Anti-Feminist Conference Hosts Extreme Speakers". Hope Not Hate . Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  20. ↑ Clark-Flory, Tracy (October 13, 2020). "The Manosphere's Existential Crisis Is Building the Future of the Far-Right". Jezebel . Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  21. ↑ "About, CHEST". CHEST. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Burley, Shane (November 9, 2020). "Total Life Reform". Political Research Associates . Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  23. ↑ Rutherford, Stephanie (January 7, 2020). "Wolfish White Nationalisms? Lycanthropic Longing on the Alt-right". Journal of Intercultural Studies. 41 (1): 64. doi:10.1080/07256868.2020.1704227. S2CID   214324800 – via Taylor & Francis.
  24. 1 2 Munt, Sally R. (February 7, 2018). "Gay shame in a geopolitical context" (PDF). Cultural Studies . 33 (2): 223–248. doi:10.1080/09502386.2018.1430840. S2CID   148630963. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
  25. ↑ Segrest, Mab (2017). "Flagged Up, Locked, and Loaded: The Confederacy's Call, the Trump Disaster, and the Apocalyptic Crisis of White People". South: A Scholarly Journal. 50 (1): 34. ISSN   2470-9506. JSTOR   26484080.
  26. ↑ Burley, Shane (October 19, 2017). "What Breitbart's Email Leaks Mean for Public Perception of the "Alt-Right"". Truthout . Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  27. ↑ Palahniuk, Chuck (May 1, 2018). "Chuck Palahniuk Unveils Politically Tinged Novel 'Adjustment Day'" (Interview). Interviewed by Graeme McMillan. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  28. ↑ Weiß, Volker (2018). Die autoritäre Revolte. Die neue Rechte und der Untergang des Abendlandes (in German). Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta. p. 231. ISBN   978-3-608-94907-0. OCLC   1090658000.
  29. ↑ Volpers, Simon (2020). Neue rechte Männlichkeit. Antifeminismus, Homosexualität und Politik des Jack Donovan (in German). Hamburg: Marta Press. p. 177. ISBN   978-3-944442-98-3. OCLC   1195971465.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.