List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups

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The following is a list of U.S.-based organizations that are classified as hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). [1] The SPLC is an American nonprofit legal advocacy organization specializing in civil rights and public interest litigation. The SPLC defines a hate group as "an organization that — based on its official statements or principles, the statements of its leaders, or its activities — has beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristic." [2] The SPLC states that "Hate group activities can include criminal acts, marches, rallies, speeches, meetings, leafleting or publishing" and adds that inclusion on its hate-group list "does not imply that a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity." [1]

Contents

Since 1981, the SPLC's Intelligence Project has published a quarterly Intelligence Report , which monitors hate groups and extremist organizations in the United States. [3] The SPLC began an annual census of hate groups in 1990, releasing this census as part of its annual Year in Hate & Extremism report. [1] [2] [4] [5] The SPLC listed 1,020 hate groups and hate-group chapters on its 2018 list—an all-time high fueled primarily by an increase in radical right groups. [2] The number of SPLC-designated active hate groups and hate-group chapters subsequently declined to 838 in 2020, and 733 in 2021. [4] [6] The SPLC welcomed the criminal prosecutions of some of the perpetrators of the January 6 United States Capitol attack, but expressed alarm at the movement of ideas from the antidemocratic hard right into mainstream political discourse, writing: "The reactionary and racist beliefs that propelled a mob into the Capitol that day have not dissipated. Instead, they've coalesced into a political movement that is now one of the most powerful forces shaping politics in the United States." [4] [6]

The Intelligence Report provides information regarding the organizational efforts and tactics of these groups, and it is cited by a number of scholars as a reliable and comprehensive source on U.S. hate groups. [7] [8] [9] [10] The SPLC also publishes the HateWatch Weekly newsletter, which documents racism and extremism, and the Hatewatch blog. [11]

In 1999, the SPLC listed 457 hate groups; that number steadily increased until 2011, when 1,018 groups were listed. [2] [12] [13] The rise from 2008 onward was attributed in part to anger at Barack Obama, the first black president of the United States. [2] Thereafter, the number of hate groups steadily dropped, reaching a low of 784 in 2014 (a 23% drop). However, between 2014 and 2018, the number of hate groups skyrocketed 30%, reaching 892 in 2015; 917 in 2016; 954 in 2017; 1,020 in 2018; and 940 in 2019. [14] [15] [2] [16] According to Mark Potok at the SPLC, Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign speeches "demonizing statements about Latinos and Muslims have electrified the radical right, leading to glowing endorsements from white nationalist leaders such as Jared Taylor and former Klansman David Duke". [17] The relative strength of hate groups have varied over time; for example, the Ku Klux Klan has markedly declined, while other white supremacist groups have substantially strengthened. [2] : 39  In February 2018, the SPLC reported that black nationalist groups expanded to 233 chapters in the United States, up from 193 the previous year. The SPLC attributed this growth to a reaction to the mainstream rise of the alt-right, "the latest incarnation of white supremacy", along with the election of Trump as president. During the same year, neo-Nazi groups grew from 99 to 121, and anti-Muslim groups increased from 101 chapters to 114. Ku Klux Klan groups, meanwhile, fell from 130 groups to 72. [18]

In its 2019 annual report (covering the year 2018), the SPLC listed 1,020 organizations as active hate groups, categorized by type, as follows: Ku Klux Klan (51), neo-Nazi (112), white nationalist (148), racist skinhead (63), Christian Identity (17), neo-Confederate (36), black nationalist (264), anti-immigrant (17), anti-LGBT (49), anti-Muslim (100), and "other hate" (163, consisting of 15 hate music groups, 8 Holocaust denial groups, 2 male supremacy groups, 30 neo-Völkisch groups, 11 radical traditional Catholic groups, and 97 other groups). [2]

Pundits, politicians, and some of the designated groups have objected to the SPLC's list. The Family Research Council disputed its designation in 2010, [19] and the Center for Immigration Studies disputed the SPLC anti-immigrant designation in 2016. [20] In January 2019, Center for Immigration Studies filed a lawsuit against the SPLC over the designation, [21] which was dismissed in September 2019. [22] [23] The SPLC's hate group listings have also been criticized by some political observers and prominent Republicans. [24] [25]

Hate and extremist groups by type

Ku Klux Klan

Number of Klan groups listed over time [13] [26] [27] [2] [16] [4]
YearNumber listed
199028
2010221
2013163
201472
2015190
2016130
201772
201851
201947
202025
202118

The Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as "the Klan", is the name of three distinct past and present groupings. [28]

The following groups have been listed as active Klan groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

  • Alabama Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2021) [4]
  • Alliance of American Klans (2019) [16]
  • American Christian Dixie Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017, 2018, 2019, 2022) [27] [2] [16] [5]
  • American Christian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2018, 2019, 2021) [2] [16] [4]
  • American Confederate Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017) [27]
  • American White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2018) [2]
  • Aryan Knights of the Invisible Empire (2018) [2]
  • Aryan Nations Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015) [12] [13]
  • Christian American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016) [26]
  • Church of the American Christian Knights (2017) [27]
  • Church of the Ku Klux Klan (2021) [4]
  • Church of the National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021) [26] [27] [2] [16] [4]
  • Confederate White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [13] [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • East Coast Knights of the True Invisible Empire (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022) [13] [26] [27] [2] [16] [4] [5]
  • Eastern White Knights of the KKK (2015) [13]
  • Exalted Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017, 2019) [27] [16]
  • Fraternal Order of the Cross (2014) [12]
  • Georgia Knight Riders of the Ku Klux Klan (2016) [26]
  • Global Crusaders: Order of the Ku Klux Klan (2017, 2018) [27] [2]
  • Great Lakes Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016) [26]
  • Honorable Sacred Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2018, 2019, 2021, 2022) [2] [16] [4] [5]
  • Imperial Klans of America, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2019) [12] [13] [16]
  • International Keystone Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [12] [13] [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • Karolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015) [13]
  • KKKRadio (2014, 2015) [12] [13]
  • Knights of the Ku Klux Klan/Christian Revival Center (of Harrison, Arkansas) (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022) [12] [13] [26] [27] [2] [16] [4] [5]
  • Knights of the White Disciples (2016, 2017) [26] [27]
  • Knights Party Veterans League (2014, 2015) [12] [13]
  • Ku Klos Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019) [12] [13] [26] [27] [16]
  • Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022) [12] [13] [26] [27] [2] [16] [4] [5]
  • Militant Knights Ku Klux Klan (2015, 2016) [13] [26]
  • Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018) [12] [13] [27] [2]
  • Noble Klans of America (2018, 2019) [2] [16]
  • Nordic Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • North Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017) [26]
  • Oklahoma Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015) [13]
  • Old Dominion Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016) [26]
  • Old Glory Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2021, 2022) [26] [4] [5]
  • Original Knight Riders Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) [12] [13] [26] [27]
  • Original Knights of America, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017, 2018) [27] [2]
  • Outlaw Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016) [26]
  • Pacific Coast Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • Patriotic Brigade Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021) [26] [27] [2] [16] [4]
  • Rebel Brigade Knights True Invisible Empire (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [13] [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • Rocky Mountain Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014) [12]
  • Sacred Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2017) [27]
  • Soldiers of the Cross Training Institute (2014, 2015) [12] [13]
  • Southern Mountain Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014) [12]
  • Southern Ohio Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2016, 2017) [26] [27]
  • Teutonic Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2019) [2]
  • Texas Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015) [12] [13]
  • Texas Rebel Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) [13] [26] [27] [2]
  • Traditional Confederate Knights (2015) [13]
  • Traditional Rebel Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015) [12] [13]
  • Traditionalist American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [12] [13] [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • Trinity White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015) [12] [13]
  • True311.com (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • True Invisible Empire Knights / True Invisible Empire Traditionalist American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015) [12] [13]
  • United Dixie White Knights/"United Dixie White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan" (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [12] [13] [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • United Klan Nation (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • United Klans of America (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [12] [13] [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • United Northern and Southern Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) [12] [13] [26] [27] [2] [16]
  • United White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) [12] [13] [26] [27] [2]
  • Western White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015) [13]
  • White Camelia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (2015) [13]
  • White Christian Brotherhood of the Ku Klux Klan (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • White Knights of Texas (2018, 2019) [2] [16]
  • White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America (2017) [27]

Neo-Nazi

Number of Neo-Nazi groups listed over time [13] [26] [2] [4]
YearNumber listed
2003149
2004158
2005157
2006191
2007207
2008196
2009161
2010170
2011170
2012138
2013143
2014142
201594
201699
2017121
2018112
202154

Neo-Nazism consists of post-World War II social or political movements seeking to revive Nazism or related ideologies. Common aspects of modern-day neo-Nazism include hatred or fear of minorities such as blacks, Hispanics, lesbian, gay, and transgender people, non-white immigrants, and sometimes even Christians, but their main hatred is focused on the Jews (their "cardinal enemy"). [29] [30] [31] [32]

The following groups have been listed as active neo-Nazi groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

White nationalist

Number of white nationalist hate groups listed over time [13] [26] [37] [2] [4]
YearNumber listed
200392
200499
2005111
2006110
2007125
2008111
2009132
2010136
2011146
2012135
2013128
2014115
201595
2016100
2017100
2018148
2019155
202198

The SPLC listed 148 white nationalist groups and chapters as active in 2018, [2] and 98 white nationalist groups and chapters as active in 2021. [4] Its 2018 report noted: "White nationalist groups espouse white supremacist or white separatist ideologies, often focusing on the alleged inferiority of nonwhites. Groups listed in a variety of other categories — Ku Klux Klan, neo-Confederate, neo-Nazi, racist skinhead and Christian Identity — could also be fairly described as white nationalist." [2] The following groups have been listed as active white separatist/white nationalist groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Racist skinheads

Number of racist skinhead hate groups listed over time [13] [26] [39] [2] [40] [4]
YearNumber listed
200339
200448
200556
200678
200790
200898
2009122
2010136
2011133
2012138
2013126
2014119
201595
201678
201771
201863
202036
202117

The SPLC defines racist skinhead as "a particularly violent element of the white supremacist movement," often "referred to as the 'shock troops' of the hoped-for revolution." [2] An offshoot of the skinhead subculture, racist skinheads promote antisemitism in addition to white supremacy. [41] [42] The SPLC's reports have noted that the racist skinhead movement "flourished during the 1980s through the 1990s and into the mid-2000s" [4] but has declined since 2012, losing ground to "the racist 'alt-right' and new, younger neo-Nazi and white nationalist groups who are organizing themselves across diffuse social networking sites and platforms." [2] The SPLC noted in its 2021 reportL "With almost no young recruits, the racist skinhead movement's prominence within this country's white power movement has diminished steadily for years." [4]

The following groups have been listed as active racist skinhead groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Extreme antigovernment movement

Number of extreme antigovernment groups over time [2] [4]
YearNumber listed
2014874
2015998
2016623
2017689
2018612
2021488

The SPLC's 2021 report states: "Groups we list as antigovernment see the federal government as an enemy of the people and promote baseless conspiracy theories generally involving a secret cabal of elites seeking to institute a global, totalitarian government – a 'New World Order." [4] The SPLC notes that the antigovernment movement includes the militia movement (including paramilitary organizations, such as the Three Percenters (also styled III%ers) and Oath Keepers); the "sovereign citizen" movement, which rejects the government's authority; the so-called "constitutional sheriff" movement, which holds that local sheriffs are the highest authority and can disregard federal laws; and tax protestor movement that claims that income taxes are unconstitutional and seeks to avoid paying such taxes. [4] [44] [2]

SPLC notes that antigovernment groups "engage in groundless conspiracy theorizing, or advocate or adhere to extreme antigovernment doctrines" [44] and added: "Antigovernment groups do not necessarily advocate or engage in violence or other criminal activities, though some have. Many warn of impending government violence or the need to prepare for a coming revolution. Many antigovernment groups are not racist." [44]

The SPLC designated 566 extreme antigovernment groups as active in 2020, [40] and 488 extreme antigovernment groups as active in 2021. [4]

Of the 488 organizations designated as active in 2021, 92 were militia groups, 75 were "sovereign citizen" groups, three were "constitutional sheriff" groups, and 52 were "conspiracy propagandist" groups. [4]

Militia movement

  • Alamo Militia (2020) [40]
  • American Patriots Three Percent (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Arizona Border Recon (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Arizona State Militia (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Arkansas Defense Force (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Bedford County Militia (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • California State Militia (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Carlisle Light Infantry (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Civilian Defense Force (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Cottonwood Militia (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Emergency Non-Profit Assisting Communities (also listed as "Emergency Non-Profit Assisting Communities Together (ENACT)") (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Florida Militia (2020) [40]
  • Frontiersmen, The (2020, 2021, 2022) [4] [40] [5]
  • Genesee County Volunteer Militia (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Georgia Three Percent Martyrs (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Golden Triangle Militia (2020) [40]
  • Good Citizen Militia (2022) [5]
  • Green Mountain Militia (2020) [40]
  • III% Security Force (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • III% United Patriots (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Indiana Citizens Volunteer Militia (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Iron City CRU (Citizens Response Unit) (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Irregulars of Ohio Reserve Militia (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Last Militia, The (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Last Sons of Liberty (Virginia) (2021) [4]
  • Light Foot Militia (of Kootenai County, Idaho) (2021) [4]
  • Light Foot Militia, 63rd Battalion (2022) [5]
  • Maine Militia (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Mayhem Solutions Group (2022) [5]
  • Michigan Home Guard (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Michigan Liberty Militia (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Michigan Militia Corps Wolverines (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Missouri Militia (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • New England Minutemen (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • New York Militia TM / New York Militia (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • North East Ohio Woodsmen (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Northern Arizona Militia (2021) [4]
  • Oath Keepers (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Ohio Defense Force Home Guard (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Ohio Militiamen (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Ohio Minutemen Militia (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Ohio State Regular Militia (2021) [4]
  • Ohio Valley Minutemen Citizen's Volunteer Militia (2021) [4]
  • Patriots for America (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Pima County, AZ Watchmen (2021) [4]
  • Pennsylvania Light Foot Militia (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Pennsylvania Oath Keepers (2020, 2021, 2022) - listed separately from the Oath Keepers [40] [4] [5]
  • Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Proud American Patriots Network (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Real Three Percenters Idaho, The (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Reapers Constitutional Militia of Ohio (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • South Central Pennsylvania Patriots (2022) [5]
  • Southeast Michigan Volunteer Militia (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Southern Arizona Militia (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Stokes County Militia (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • This Is Texas Freedom Force (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Three Percent of Washington (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Vermont State Militia (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Veterans on Patrol (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Watchmen of America (listed as "Watchmen" in 2022) (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • West Ohio Minutemen (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Wolverine Watchmen (2020) [40]
  • Yavapai County Preparedness Team (2022) [5]

Sovereign citizen movement

  • Al Moroccan Empire at New Jersey State Republic (listed in 2021 as "El Moroccan Empire at New Jersey State Republic") (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • America's Remedy (2020, 2021,w 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • American Common Law Academy (2022) [5]
  • American Meeting Group (Austin, TX) (2022) [5]
  • American Meeting Group (Wisconsin) (2022) [5]
  • American Project, The (2022) [5]
  • American States Assembly, The (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • ASN Study Guide & University (American State Nationals) (2022) [5]
  • California Assembly, The (2022) [5]
  • Circle of Sovereigns (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Colorado Jural Assembly (2022) [5]
  • Constitutional Law Group (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Corporate Freedom Group (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Creditors Debtors Contracts in Commerce (CDCIC) (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Embassy of Heaven (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Empire Washitaw de Dugdahmoundyah (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Foundation, The (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Freedom Bound International (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Freedom from Government (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Freedom School (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Freedom Yell (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • HISAdvocates.org (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • March to Exodus (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Moorish Science Temple of America 1928, The (2020, 2021) [40] [4] [5]
  • National Assembly (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • National Liberty Alliance (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Natural Law Hawaii (2022) [5]
  • Occupied Forces Hawaii Army (2022) [5]
  • Oregon States Jural Assembly (listed in 2022 as "Oregon Statewide Jural Assembly") (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • People's Bureau of Investigation (2022) [5]
  • R.V. Bey Publications (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Reign of the Heavens Society (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Republic for the United States of America (2020, 2021, 2022) [4] [40] [5]
  • Republic of Texas (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Rise of the Moors (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Sovereign Filing Solutions (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Statewide Common Law Grand Jury (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Team Law (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • United States of America Republic Government (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • We the People for Constitutional Sheriffs (2022) [5]

Conspiracy propagandists

"Constitutional sheriff" movement

"Antigovernment general"

  • 2nd Amendment Patches.com (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • America's Survival, Inc. (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • American Constitutional Elites (2020) [40]
  • American Guard (2021) [4]
  • American Patriot Council (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • American Patriot Party (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • American Patriot Vanguard (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • American Policy Center (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • American Regulators (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • American Revolution 2.0 (2021) [4]
  • A.R.M.E.D. Riding Club (2020) [40]
  • Army of Parents (2022) [45]
  • AVOW (Another Voice of Warning) (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • AZ Desert Guardians (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Berks County Patriots (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Border Network News (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Camp Constitution (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Center for Self Governance (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Christian Exodus (2020) [40]
  • Citizens Militia of Mississippi (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Citizens Organized to Restore Rights (2022) [5]
  • Cold Dead Hands 2nd Amendment Advocacy Group (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Constitution Club, The (Hemet, California) (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Constitution Party (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Constitutional Party of Alaska (2021) [4]
  • Constitutional Coalition of New York State (listed in 2022 as "Constitutional Coalition of NYS") (2021) [4] [5]
  • Constitutional Education & Consulting, KrisAnne Hall (listed in 2021 and 2022 simply as "KrisAnne Hall") (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Constitutional Rights PAC (of McLean, Virginia) (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Courage is a Habit (2022) [45]
  • Cowboys Motorcycle Club Idaho (listed in 2020 and 2021 as "Cowboys Motorcycle Club") (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Defense Distributed (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Democrats against U.N. Agenda 21 (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Eagle Forum (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Educate Yourself (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Education First Alliance (2022) [45]
  • Education Veritas (2022) [45]
  • Faith Education Commerce (FEC United) (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • First State Pathfinders (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Free North Carolina (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Free PA (2022) [5]
  • Freedom Coalition (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Freedom First Society (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Freedom Law School (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Freedom Rising Sun (listed in 2020 as "Freedom Rising Son") (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Garden State 2A Grassroots Organization (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Gideon Knox Group, MT Daily Gazette (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Gorilla Learning Institute (2022) [5]
  • GraniteGrok (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Gun Owners of America (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Heartland Defenders (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Illinois Sons of Liberty (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Institute on the Constitution (aka American View), The (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • LewRockwell.com (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Liberty First University (2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Liberty News Network (2022) [5]
  • Liberty Under Fire (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Life Force Network (2022) [5]
  • Long Island Loud Majority (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Long Island Mutual Assistance Group (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Loving Liberty Network (2022) [5]
  • Madison's Militia (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Maine Volunteer Responders (2021) [4]
  • Mamalitia (2022) [5]
  • Marching Patriots, The (2021) [4]
  • Maulitia Motorcycle Club, The (listed in 2020 as Maulitia Bikers MC) (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Melrose Patriots (2022) [5]
  • Micro Effect, The (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Moms for America (2022) [45]
  • Moms for Liberty (2022) [45]
  • My Brother's Threepers (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • National Constitutional Coalition of Patriotic Americans (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • New California State (2022) [5]
  • New Sons of Liberty (McLoud, Oklahoma) (2020) [40]
  • News with Views (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Next News Network (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • No Left Turn in Education (2022) [45]
  • NORTH-CAROLINA American Republic (2020) [40]
  • Ohio Patriots Alliance (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Outpost of Freedom (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Overpasses for America (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Panhandle Patriots Riding Club (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Parents Against CRT / Parents Against Critical Race Theory LLC (2022) [45]
  • Parents Defending Education (2022) [45]
  • Parents Involved in Education (2022) [45]
  • Parents Rights in Education (2022) [45]
  • Patriot America (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Patriot Depot, The / Discount Book Distributors (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Patriot Party of AZ (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Patriot Shit Outfitters (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Patriots at Large (2021) [4]
  • Patriots for Delaware (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Patriots for Ohio (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Pennsylvania Homeland Shield (2021) [4]
  • Pennsylvania Patriots United (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Pennsylvania State Militia (2021) [4]
  • People's Rights (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Purple for Parents Indiana (2022) [45]
  • Reawaken America Tour (2022) [5]
  • Renew America (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Rhode Island Patriots (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Riders United for a Sovereign America, Corp. (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Rolling Patriots, The (2021) [4]
  • Sarasota Patriots (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Secure Arkansas (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Sons of Liberty Survival Outfitters (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • South Central Patriots (Wasilla, Alaska) (2020) [40]
  • Southeast Mesa CA (2022) [5]
  • Southern Ohio Outdoorsmen (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • State of Jefferson Formation (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Stay in the Light Stay in the Fight (2022) [5]
  • Super Happy Fun America (2022) [5]
  • TEA New York (2021) [4]
  • Tea Party of Kentucky (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Tenth Amendment Center (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Texas Freedom Coalition (2022) [5]
  • Three Percent Liberty Defenders (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Threeper Tactical Training, LLC (2020) [40]
  • Timber Unity (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • True Texas Project (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Union of Three Percenter American Patriots (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • United States Justice Foundation (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Utah Citizens Alarm (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • Utah Constitutional Militia (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • Utah Patriots (2022) [5]
  • Virginia Knights (2020) [40]
  • Voice of Idaho, The (2020) [40]
  • Voices Against Tyranny (2021, 2022) [4] [5]
  • We Are Change (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]
  • West Coast Patriots (2020, 2021) [40] [4]
  • Wild Bill for America (2020, 2021, 2022) [40] [4] [5]

Neo-Confederate

Number of neo-Confederate hate groups listed over time [13] [26] [46] [2] [4]
YearNumber listed
200391
200497
200599
2006102
2007104
200893
200968
201042
201132
201230
201336
201437
201535
201643
201731
201836
202116

The SPLC classifies neo-Confederate groups as those with "a reactionary, revisionist predilection for symbols of the Confederate States of America, typically paired with a strong belief in the validity of the failed doctrines of nullification and secession — in the specific context of the antebellum South." [46]

The following groups have been listed as active neo-Confederate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Christian Identity

Number of Christian Identity hate groups listed over time [13] [26] [48] [2] [4]
YearNumber listed
200331
200428
200535
200637
200736
200839
200937
201026
201155
201254
201337
201421
201519
201621
201720
201817
20219

Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely affiliated believers and churches with a white supremacist and antisemitic theology that claims that White people are the true descendants of the Lost Tribes of Israel. [49]

The following groups have been listed as Christian Identity hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Anti-LGBT

Anti-LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) or anti-gay can refer to activities in certain categories (or combinations of categories): attitudes against or discrimination against LGBT people, violence against LGBT people, LGBT rights opposition and religious opposition to homosexuality.

The following groups have been listed as active anti-LGBT hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Sixty-five organizations were designated under this classification in 2021. [4]

Anti-immigrant

The SPLC categories "the most extreme" nativist and vigilante groups as anti-immigrant hate groups, those which espouse xenophobia. [55] [2] The group classifies the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) and NumbersUSA, as the "big three" groups in the anti-immigrant movement. [2]

Eighteen organizations were classified under this designation in the 2021 SPLC report. [4]

Antisemitism

In its 2021 report, SPLC classified 61 organizations under the category of antisemitism as a "standalone ideology," while also noting the antisemitism "also undergirds much of the far right, unifying adherents across various hate ideologies." [4] Holocaust denial is one hallmark of antisemitic organizations. [4] Eighteen organizations were classified under this designation in the 2021 SPLC report. [4]

SPLC previously had a Holocaust denial hate group category. [13] [26] [57] [2] In 2020, SPLC began to designating hate groups under a broader "antisemitism" category, and noted in its report for the following year that "2021 is the first year that those groups have been pulled out from under the General Hate ideology umbrella and featured on their own exclusive map." [4] SPLC's report notes that this category is "Made up largely of hate groups that deny and obscure facts about the Holocaust, as well as chapters of the Nation of Islam." [4]

The following groups have been listed as active Holocaust denial groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Neo-Völkisch

In its 2017 report (issued in 2018), the SPLC added neo-Völkisch Asatru pagan groups to its hate group list for the first time. The SPLC described these groups as "[b]orn out of an atavistic defiance of modernity and rationalism" and characterized by "organized ethnocentricity and archaic notions of gender." [61] In its 2021 report, SPLC listed 32 groups and group chapters under the neo-Völkisch category. [4]

Anti-Muslim

Anti-Muslim hate groups are described by the SPLC as groups which exhibit extreme hostility against Muslims, by depicting Muslims as "fundamentally alien, ... irrational, intolerant and violent" and accusing Islam of "sanctioning pedophilia, coupled with intolerance for homosexuals and women." [62] Anti-Muslim hate groups espouse conspiratorial views of American Muslims, viewing them "as a fifth column intent on undermining and eventually replacing American democracy and Western civilization with Islamic despotism, a conspiracy theory known as 'civilization jihad.'" [62]

In its 2021 report, SPLC listed 50 groups and group chapters under the anti-Muslim category. [4]

The following groups have been listed as anti-Muslim hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

"General hate" category

The following groups have been listed as other or miscellaneous hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

In the 2021 SPLC report, 295 groups and group chapters were listed in the "general hate" category, including 11 in the "hate music" category, 1 in the "male supremacy" category, 9 in the "radical traditionalist Catholic" category, and 274 in the "other" category. [4]

Hate music

White power music is music that promotes white nationalism and expresses racism against non-whites. Genres include Nazi punk, Rock Against Communism, hatecore and National Socialist black metal. [66] [67] [68]

The following groups have been listed as active racist music/hate music groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

Male supremacy

The SPLC added misogynistic male supremacy groups to its hate groups list for the first time in its 2017 report (issued in 2018), stating, "The vilification of women by these groups makes them no different than other groups that demean entire populations, such as the LGBT community, Muslims or Jews, based on their inherent characteristics." [18]

Radical traditional Catholic

According to the SPLC, radical traditionalist Catholics, who "may make up the largest single group of serious anti-Semites in America", subscribe to an ideology that is rejected by the Vatican and some 70 million mainstream American Catholics. [72] They are highly associated with sedevacantism and integrism, the latter of which the SPLC uses as a synonym for radical-traditionalist positions. [72] [73]

The following groups have been listed as active radical traditional Catholic hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (years in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):

"Other"

Black separatist and black nationalist
Number of black separatist hate groups listed over time [13] [26] [60] [2]
YearNumber listed
2003136
2004108
2005106
200688
200781
2008112
2009121
2010149
2011140
2012151
2013115
2014113
2015180
2016193
2017233
2018264

Black nationalist groups espouse black separatism, [2] which seeks to create separate institutions for black people. In 2019 the SPLC noted: "The black nationalist movement is a reaction to centuries of institutionalized white supremacy in America. Black nationalists believe the answer to white racism is to form separate institutions — or even a separate nation. Most forms of black nationalism are strongly anti-white, antisemitic and anti-LGBT. Some religious versions assert that black people are the biblical 'chosen people' of God." [2]

In October 2020, the SPLC announced that they would no longer use the category of "Black Separatism", in order to foster a more accurate understanding of violent extremism and to avoid creating a false equivalency between Black Separatism and White supremacist extremism. [76]

Many groups previously listed under the black separatist/nationalist category are now listed under "general hate" category. [4] The following black separatist/nationalist groups were listed in the SPLC's annual reports under either category (years in parentheses are the year(s) in which the group was included):

Other

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ku Klux Klan</span> American white supremacist terrorist hate group

The Ku Klux Klan, commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is the name of several historical and current American white supremacist, far-right terrorist organizations and hate groups. According to historian Fergus Bordewich, the Klan was "the first organized terror movement in American history." Their primary targets at various times have been African Americans, as well as Jews and Catholics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern Poverty Law Center</span> American civil rights NGO, founded 1971

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit legal advocacy organization specializing in civil rights and public interest litigation. Based in Montgomery, Alabama, it is known for its legal cases against white supremacist groups, for its classification of hate groups and other extremist organizations, and for promoting tolerance education programs. The SPLC was founded by Morris Dees, Joseph J. Levin Jr., and Julian Bond in 1971 as a civil rights law firm in Montgomery.

Black supremacy or black supremacism is a racial supremacist belief which maintains that black people are inherently superior to people of other races.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hate group</span> Collective united by hatred against others

A hate group is a social group that advocates and practices hatred, hostility, or violence towards members of a race, ethnicity, nation, religion, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, or any other designated sector of society. According to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a hate group's "primary purpose is to promote animosity, hostility, and malice against persons belonging to a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin which differs from that of the members of the organization."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White Aryan Resistance</span> Neo-Nazi organization led by Tom Metzger

White Aryan Resistance (WAR) is a white supremacist and neo-Nazi organization in the United States which was founded and formerly led by former Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon Tom Metzger. It was based in Warsaw, Indiana, and it was also incorporated as a business. In 1993, the group expanded into Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morris Dees</span> American activist

Morris Seligman Dees Jr. is an American attorney known as the co-founder and former chief trial counsel for the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), based in Montgomery, Alabama. He ran a direct marketing firm before founding SPLC. Along with his law partner, Joseph J. Levin Jr., Dees founded the SPLC in 1971. Dees and his colleagues at the SPLC have been "credited with devising innovative ways to cripple hate groups" such as the Ku Klux Klan, particularly by using "damage litigation".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Don Black (white supremacist)</span> American white supremacist and neo-Nazi

Stephen Donald Black is an American white supremacist. He is the founder and webmaster of the neo-Nazi, Holocaust denial, and homophobic website Stormfront. He was a Grand Wizard in the Ku Klux Klan and a member of the American Nazi Party in the 1970s, though at the time he was a member it was known as the "National Socialist White Peoples' Party". He was convicted in 1981 of attempting an armed overthrow of the government in the island of Dominica in violation of the U.S. Neutrality Act.

American Renaissance is a white supremacist website and former monthly magazine publication founded and edited by Jared Taylor. It is published by the New Century Foundation.

The Imperial Klans of America, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (IKA) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, neo-Nazi paramilitary organization. Until the late 2000s, it was the second largest Klan group in the United States, and at one point in the early 2000s, it was the largest. In 2008, the IKA was reported to have at least 23 chapters in 17 states, most of which were small.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Robb (Ku Klux Klan)</span> American white supremacist (born 1946)

Thomas Robb is an American white supremacist, Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard and Christian Identity pastor. He is the National Director of the Knights Party, also known as the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, taking control of the organization since the year 1989.

Louis Ray Beam, Jr. is an American white supremacist, conspiracy theorist and neo-fascist.

This is a list of topics related to racism:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Socialist Movement (United States)</span> American Neo-Nazi organization (1974-)

The National Socialist Movement (NSM) is a Neo-Nazi organization based in the United States. It was a part of the Nationalist Front. Once considered to be the largest and most prominent National Socialist organization in the United States in the United States, in recent years its membership and prominence has plummeted. It is classified as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center.

Stormfront is a neo-Nazi Internet forum, and the Web's first major racial hate site. The site is focused on propagating white nationalism, Nazism, antisemitism and Islamophobia, as well as anti-feminism, homophobia, transphobia, Holocaust denial, and white supremacy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Traditionalist Worker Party</span> Defunct neo-Nazi and white nationalist American political party

The Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP) was a far-right neo-Nazi political party active in the United States between 2013 and 2018, affiliated with the broader "alt-right" movement that became active within the U.S. during the 2010s. It was considered a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center's list.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan</span> White supremacist and antisemitic hate group

The Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is a group styled after the original Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Formed around 2012, it aims to "restore America to a White, Christian nation founded on God's word".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nationalist Front (United States)</span> Loose coalition of white supremacist groups in the United States

The Nationalist Front is a loose coalition of radical right and white supremacists. The coalition was formed in 2016 by leaders of the neo-Nazi groups National Socialist Movement (NSM) and Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP). Its aim was to unite white supremacist and white nationalist groups under a common umbrella. Originally the group was named the Aryan Nationalist Alliance and was composed of neo-Nazi, Ku Klux Klan and White power skinhead organizations.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 Beirich, Heidi (Spring 2019). The Year in Hate and Extremism: Rage Against Change (PDF). Intelligence Report (Report). Montgomery, Ala.: Southern Poverty Law Center. OCLC   796223066. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 28, 2020.
  3. ↑ "Intelligence Report". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
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  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 "The Year in Hate & Extremism 2022". Southern Poverty Law Center. June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 7, 2023.[ not specific enough to verify ]
  6. 1 2 N'dea Yancey-Bragg, Hate groups declined in 2021, but fringe ideology is a 'powerful force' shaping US politics, SPLC warns, USA Today (March 9, 2022).
  7. ↑ Rory McVeigh. "Structured Ignorance and Organized Racism in the United States", Social Forces, Vol. 82, No. 3, (March 2004), p. 913
  8. ↑ Chalmers, Mark David (2003). Backfire: how the Ku Klux Klan Helped the civil rights movement, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN   074252311X p. 188
  9. ↑ Brett A. Barnett (2007). 'Untangling the web of hate: are online "hate sites" deserving of First Amendment Protection?'. Cambria Press. p. 20. ISBN   978-1934043912.
  10. ↑ Montgomery, David (November 8, 2018). "The State of Hate". The Washington Post Magazine. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Hatewatch". Southern Poverty Law Center.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2014". Southern Poverty Law Center. March 10, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2015. Intelligence Report (Report). Montgomery, Ala.: Southern Poverty Law Center. February 4, 2016. OCLC   796223066. Archived from the original on December 30, 2017.
  14. ↑ Potok, Mark (February 17, 2016). "The Year in Hate and Extremism". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  15. ↑ "Hate groups in US grow for third straight year: SPLC". Al Jazeera . February 21, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 The Year in Hate and Extremism 2019 (PDF) (Report). Montgomery, Ala.: Southern Poverty Law Center. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2020.
  17. ↑ Williams, Casey (April 27, 2016). "How Anonymous Is Fighting White Supremacy Online". HuffPost . Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  18. 1 2 3 4 "The Year in Hate: Trump Buoyed White Supremacists in 2017, Sparking Backlash Among Black Nationalist Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. February 20, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  19. ↑ Frumin, Ben (November 20, 2010). "Family Research Council Rips SPLC Over 'Slanderous' Hate Group Designation". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
  20. ↑ Sherman, Amy (March 22, 2017). "Is the Center for Immigration Studies a hate group, as the Southern Poverty Law Center says?". Politifact. St. Petersburg, Fla.: Poynter Institute. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
  21. ↑ Bixby, Scott (January 16, 2019). "Anti-Immigration Group Uses Mafia Law to Attack SPLC" . The Daily Beast . Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  22. ↑ Kunzelman, Michael (September 16, 2019). "Judge tosses lawsuit over law center's hate group labels". Associated Press News . Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  23. ↑ "Memorandum & Opinion, Center for Immigration Studies V. Cohen Et Al, No. 1:19-cv-00087 (D.D.C. Sep 13, 2019)" . Retrieved August 1, 2023– via USA Today.
  24. ↑ Silverstein, Ken (March 22, 2010). "'Hate,' Immigration, and the Southern Poverty Law Center". Harper's Magazine. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  25. ↑ Jonsson, Patrik (February 23, 2011). "Annual report cites rise in hate groups, but some ask: What is hate?" . The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 Active Hate Groups 2016. Intelligence Report (Report). Montgomery, Ala.: Southern Poverty Law Center. February 15, 2017. OCLC   796223066. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 2017 KKK hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  28. ↑ See, in general:
  29. ↑ Lee McGowan (2002). The Radical Right in Germany: 1870 to the Present. Pearson Education. pp. 9, 178. ISBN   0582291933. OCLC   49785551.
  30. ↑ Lee, Martin A. 1997. The Beast Reawakens. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, pp. 85–118, 214–34, 277–81, 287–330, 333–78. On Volk concept", and a discussion of ethnonationalist integralism, see pp. 215–18
  31. ↑ Ondřej Cakl & Klára Kalibová (2002). "Neo-Nazism". Faculty of Humanities at Charles University in Prague, Department of Civil Society Studies. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2007. Neo-Nazism: An ideology that draws upon the legacy of the Nazi Third Reich, the main pillars of which are an admiration for Adolf Hitler, aggressive nationalism ("nothing but the nation"), and hatred of Jews, foreigners, ethnic minorities, homosexuals and everyone who is different in some way.
  32. ↑ Werner Bergmann; Rainer Erb (1997). Anti-Semitism in Germany: The Post-Nazi Epoch Since 1945. Transaction Publishers. p. 91. ISBN   1560002700. OCLC   35318351. In contrast to today, in which rigid authoritarianism and neo-Nazism are characteristic of marginal groups, open or latent leanings toward Nazi ideology in the 1940s and 1950s
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2017 neo-Nazi hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Active Neo-Nazi Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Active White Nationalist Groups (Report) (2014 ed.). Montgomery, Ala.: Southern Poverty Law Center. March 2, 2015. Archived from the original on January 16, 2016.
  36. ↑ Lamoureux, Mack (April 18, 2023) "Neo-Nazis Hacked Porn Star Riley Reid and Tried to Recruit From Her Millions of Followers" Vice News
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 2017 White Nationalist Hate Groups (PDF) (Report). Montgomery, Ala.: Southern Poverty Law Center. 2018. Archived from the original on April 4, 2018.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Active Anti-Immigrant Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2017 racist skinhead hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 The Year in Hate and Extremism 2020 (PDF) (Report). Southern Poverty Law Center. 2021.
  41. ↑ "White Power Music". Anti-Defamation League. 2005. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
  42. ↑ "Immigration Fueling White Supremacists". CBS News . February 6, 2007.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "Active Racist Skinhead Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  44. 1 2 3 Antigoverment Movement, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Carless, Will (June 6, 2023). "'Parents' rights' groups labeled extremist: SPLC lists a key Florida group as anti-government". USA Today .
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2017 neo-Confederate hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Active Neo-Confederate Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2017 Christian identity hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  49. ↑ For background see:
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "Active Christian Identity Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 "Active Anti-LGBT Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 2017 anti-LGBT hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  53. ↑ "SPLC adds 'Sodomist Semen' pastor's church to list of anti-LGBTI hate groups". Gay Star News . May 16, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 "Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2014 – General Hate". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  55. ↑ "Extremist Files: Ideology: Anti-immigrant". Southern Poverty Law Center.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2017 anti-immigrant hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2017 Holocaust denial hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Active Holocaust Denial Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Active Black Separatist Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  60. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2017 black nationalist hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2017 neo-Volkisch hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  62. 1 2 "Anti-Muslim". Southern Poverty Law Center.
  63. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 2017 anti-Muslim hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 "Active Anti-Muslim Groups". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Spring 2015.
  65. ↑ "Self-proclaimed Nazi who says he flew a swastika flag at a Bernie Sanders rally still has a YouTube account". Media Matters for America. March 6, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020. This would not be the first time Sterkeson — who also goes by his handle "Bomb Islam" — has spewed bigotry at a public event. In 2017, a fellow vlogger filmed Sterkeson yelling anti-Islam sentiments at a Council on American-Islamic Relations event featuring Women's March co-founder Linda Sarsour in Mesa, Arizona. In the video, Sterkeson approached people with professional cameras and began shouting about his belief that "every single one of them has to go." Later in the video, a man in a Pepe the frog mask goes inside the lobby of the event hosted at a hotel and tears up a Quran while the person holding the camera calls the Muslims assembled there "bearded monkeys," saying they have "no place in America."
  66. ↑ Intelligence Report: a project of the Southern Poverty Law Center, Issues 133–136; Southern Poverty Law Center, Klanwatch Project, Southern Poverty Law Center. Militia Task Force, Publisher Klanwatch, 2009.
  67. ↑ Messner, Beth A., Art Jipson, Paul J. Becker and Bryan Byers. 2007. "The Hardest Hate: A Sociological Analysis of Country Hate Music: From Rebel Records to Prussian Blue: A History of White Racialist Music in the United States". Popular Music and Society. 30(4):513–31.
  68. ↑ Pulera, Dominic J.,Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America, pp. 309–11.
  69. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2017 hate music groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  70. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Active Racist Music Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  71. ↑ Schmid, Thacher (February 21, 2017). "A Northeast Portland Record Label Lands on a National Hate-Group Registry: The Alberta Street company's top-selling product is the music of an alleged neo-Nazi band from England". Willamette Week. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  72. 1 2 Radical Traditional Catholicism, Intelligence Files, Southern Poverty Law Center, 2011.
  73. 1 2 Heidi Beirich, Radical Powerhouse, Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law Center (2015).
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Active Radical Traditional Catholicism Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  75. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2017 radical traditional Catholicism hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
  76. ↑ Hodges, Raven (October 8, 2020). "Equity Through Accuracy: Changes to Our Hate Map". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020.
  77. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 2017 General Hate groups, Southern Poverty Law Center.
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