Hillsborough, New Hampshire

Hillsborough, New Hampshire
Town
Houses in historic Hillsborough Center
Seal
Location in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
Coordinates: 43°06′53″N71°53′42″W / 43.11472°N 71.89500°W / 43.11472; -71.89500
Country	United States
State	New Hampshire
County	Hillsborough
Incorporated	1772
Villages	Hillsborough Hillsborough Center Hillsborough Lower Village Hillsborough Upper Village Emerald Lake Village
Government
•  Board of Selectmen	James C. Bailey III, Chair Iris Campbell Richard Pelletier
• Town Administrator	Laura Buono [1]
Area [2]
• Total	44.7 sq mi (115.8 km2)
• Land	43.7 sq mi (113.2 km2)
• Water	1.0 sq mi (2.6 km2)  2.24%
Elevation	636 ft (194 m)
Population  (2020) [3]
• Total	5,939
• Density	136/sq mi (52.5/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code	03244
Area code	603
FIPS code	33-36180
GNIS feature ID	0873625
Website	www.town.hillsborough.nh.us

Hillsborough, frequently spelled Hillsboro, is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,939 at the 2020 census. ^[3] The town is home to Fox State Forest and part of Low State Forest.

The main village of the town, where 2,156 people resided at the 2020 census, ^[4] is defined as the Hillsborough census-designated place (CDP), and is located along the Contoocook River at the junction of New Hampshire Route 149 with Henniker Street and Main Street. The town also includes the villages of Hillsborough Center, Hillsborough Upper Village, Hillsborough Lower Village, and Emerald Lake Village.

History

School Street in 1907

The town was first granted in 1735 by Jonathan Belcher, colonial governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, as "Number Seven", one in a line of nine Massachusetts towns set up as defense barriers against Indian attacks. The towns were renamed after the border between the two provinces was fixed in 1739, placing the towns in New Hampshire. Settled in 1741, the town was granted in 1748 by Governor Benning Wentworth as "Hillsborough", named for Sir Wills Hill, Earl of Hillsborough. ^[5] It would be incorporated in 1772 by Governor John Wentworth.

Hillsborough was the birthplace of Franklin Pierce, the 14th president of the United States and the only president from New Hampshire. The Pierce Homestead was built in 1804 (the year of his birth) by his father, Benjamin Pierce, a general in the Revolutionary War, and twice governor of New Hampshire. Restored in 1925, the home was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the house is today a museum owned by the state and operated by the Hillsborough Historical Society.

Pierce Homestead c. 1922

A cluster of five stone arch bridges built during the 19th century in Hillsborough is designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.

Railroad service was supplied to Hillsborough by the Boston and Maine Railroad from 1878 to 1972. Rail service north to Henniker ceased in 1942, and Hillsborough became the end point on a line that once stretched in an arc from Nashua to Concord, New Hampshire. The rails in Hillsborough were torn up in 1979. Hillsborough was once home to an iconic railroad covered bridge and a curved wooden trestle. The bridge burned due to arson in 1985, and the trestle was dismantled shortly thereafter. The Hillsborough Branch now ends at Bennington; the line from Bennington to Hillsborough is a rail trail.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.7 square miles (115.8 km²), of which 43.7 square miles (113.2 km²) are land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km²) are water, comprising 2.24% of the town. ^[2] The town center, or census-designated place, has a total area of 1.9 square miles (5.0 km²). ^[6]

The highest point in Hillsborough is Thompson Hill, at 1,768 feet (539 m) above sea level, in the northern part of town. Hillsborough is drained by the Contoocook River and its tributaries, Beards and Sand brooks. Part of Franklin Pierce Lake is in the southwest. The town lies fully within the Merrimack River watershed. ^[7]

Adjacent municipalities

• Bradford (north)
• Henniker (east)
• Deering (southeast)
• Antrim (south)
• Windsor (west)
• Washington (northwest)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1790	798		—
1800	1,311		64.3%
1810	1,592		21.4%
1820	1,982		24.5%
1830	1,792		−9.6%
1840	1,808		0.9%
1850	1,685		−6.8%
1860	1,623		−3.7%
1870	1,595		−1.7%
1880	1,646		3.2%
1890	2,120		28.8%
1900	2,254		6.3%
1910	2,168		−3.8%
1920	2,229		2.8%
1930	2,160		−3.1%
1940	2,269		5.0%
1950	2,179		−4.0%
1960	2,310		6.0%
1970	2,775		20.1%
1980	3,437		23.9%
1990	4,498		30.9%
2000	4,928		9.6%
2010	6,011		22.0%
2020	5,939		−1.2%
U.S. Decennial Census [8]

Contoocook Mills in 1907

As of the census of 2010, there were 6,011 people, 2,392 households, and 1,614 families residing in the town. The population density was 137.9 inhabitants per square mile (53.2/km²). There were 2,896 housing units at an average density of 66.4 per square mile (25.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.4% White, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.03% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.3% some other race, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population. ^[9]

There were 2,392 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were headed by married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51, and the average family size was 2.98. ^[9]

Gov. John Butler Smith Mansion, now the Community Building

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 29.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males. ^[9]

For the period 2007–2011, the estimated median annual income for a household in the town was $54,386, and the median income for a family was $67,621. Male full-time workers had a median income of $43,583 versus $32,030 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,232. About 7.1% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over. ^[10]

Hillsborough presidential election results ^[11]

Year	Democratic	Republican	Third parties	Total Votes	Difference
2020	45.02% 1,475	52.56%1,722	2.41% 79	3,276	7.54%
2016	40.76% 1,198	54.03%1,588	5.21% 153	2,939	13.27%
2012	53.73%1,490	43.74% 1,213	2.52% 70	2,773	9.99%
2008	54.06%1,539	44.96% 1,280	0.98% 28	2,847	9.10%
2004	47.73% 1,292	51.35%1,390	0.92% 25	2,707	3.62%
2000	44.22% 865	50.05%979	5.73% 112	1,956	5.83%
1996	47.47%854	39.97% 719	12.56% 226	1,799	7.50%
1992	36.57% 720	38.85%765	24.58% 484	1,969	2.29%
1988	33.01% 543	66.81%1,099	0.18% 3	1,645	33.80%
1988	22.24% 294	77.46%1,024	0.30% 4	1,322	55.22%
1980	20.53% 285	66.07%917	13.40% 186	1,388	45.53%
1976	28.81% 327	69.60%790	1.59% 18	1,135	40.79%
1972	23.68% 282	75.57%900	0.76% 9	1,191	51.89%
1968	28.13% 321	66.96%764	4.91% 56	1,141	38.83%
1964	50.79%549	49.21% 532	0.00% 0	1,081	1.57%
1960	30.30% 370	69.70%851	0.00% 0	1,221	39.39%
1956	17.91% 183	81.90%837	0.20% 2	1,022	63.99%
1952	21.49% 237	78.51%866	0.00% 0	1,103	57.03%
1948	29.05% 253	69.80%608	1.15% 10	871	40.76%
1944	34.86% 327	65.14%611	0.00% 0	938	30.28%
1940	35.00% 356	65.00%661	0.00% 0	1,017	29.99%
1936	31.21% 309	68.28%676	0.51% 5	990	37.07%
1932	34.35% 326	65.02%617	0.63% 6	949	30.66%

Education

Hillsborough is part of School Administrative Unit (SAU) 34. Public schools serving the community of Hillsboro include:

• Hillsboro-Deering Elementary School
• Hillsboro-Deering Middle School
• Hillsboro-Deering High School

Sites of interest

• Contoocook Mills Industrial District
• DAR Museum Room, in the Fuller Public Library
• Five Stone Arch Bridges
• Franklin Pierce Homestead (1804)
• Railroad Bridge (1903–1985)
• Union Chapel (1887)

Notable people

• Christopher Columbus Andrews (1829–1922), soldier, diplomat, newspaperman, author, forester
• David Bailey, abolitionist in Abraham Lincoln legal case Cromwell vs. Bailey and militia officer in the Black Hawk War (1832) ^[12]
• Wilson Bethel (born 1984), actor
• James Frankland Briggs (1827–1905), politician
• Benjamin Pierce Cheney (1815–1895), a founder of American Express
• James Hill (1825–1897), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate
• Benjamin Franklin Keith (1846–1914), vaudeville theater owner
• Timothy G. O'Connell (1868–1955), architect
• Benjamin Pierce (1757–1839), governor of New Hampshire and father of President Franklin Pierce
• Benjamin Kendrick Pierce (1790–1850), United States Army officer, son of Benjamin Pierce, brother of Franklin Pierce
• Franklin Pierce (1804–1869), 14th President of the United States
• John Butler Smith (1838–1914), manufacturer, 44th governor of New Hampshire
• Gertrude Bass Warner (1863–1951), art collector, pioneer of museum studies

References

• New Hampshire portal

1. "Town Administration" . Retrieved April 21, 2019.
2. "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
3. "Hillsborough town, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
4. "Hillsborough CDP, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
5. Browne, George Waldo (1921). The History of Hillsborough, New Hampshire, 1735-1921, Volume 1: History and Description. Published by the town. p. 88.
6. "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files (Places) – New Hampshire". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
7. Foster, Debra H.; Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; Medalie, Laura (1995). Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.
8. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
9. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Hillsborough town, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
10. "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (DP03): Hillsborough town, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
11. "Election Results". sos.nh.gov.
12. Moore, William F. and Jane Anne, Collaborators for Emancipation: Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy, pg. 53

External links

• Official website
• Greater Hillsborough Area Chamber of Commerce
• Fuller Public Library
• New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile