Boscawen, New Hampshire

Boscawen, New Hampshire
Town
Hannah Duston statue
Location in Merrimack County and the state of New Hampshire.
Coordinates: 43°18′54″N71°37′15″W / 43.31500°N 71.62083°W / 43.31500; -71.62083
Country	United States
State	New Hampshire
County	Merrimack
Incorporated	1760
Government
•  Select Board	Matthew T. Burdick, Chair Lorrie J. Carey Bill Bevans
• Town Administrator	Katie Phelps
Area [1]
• Total	25.53 sq mi (66.12 km2)
• Land	24.89 sq mi (64.46 km2)
• Water	0.64 sq mi (1.66 km2)  2.50%
Elevation	319 ft (97 m)
Population  (2020) [2]
• Total	3,998
• Density	161/sq mi (62.0/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code	03303
Area code	603
FIPS code	33-06260
GNIS feature ID	0873547
Website	www.townofboscawen.org

Boscawen is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,998 at the 2020 census. ^[2]

History

The native Pennacook people called the area Contoocook, meaning "place of the river near pines". In March 1697, Hannah Duston and her nurse, Mary Neff, were captured by Abenaki Indians and taken to a temporary village on an island at the confluence of the Contoocook and Merrimack rivers, at the site of what is now Boscawen. In late April, Duston and two other captives killed ten of the Abenaki family members holding them hostage, including six children, and escaped by canoe to Haverhill, Massachusetts. ^[3]

On June 6, 1733, Governor Jonathan Belcher granted the land to John Coffin and 90 others, most from Newbury, Massachusetts. Settled in 1734, the community soon had a meetinghouse, sawmill, gristmill and ferry across the Merrimack River. A garrison offered protection, but raiding parties during the French and Indian Wars left some dead or carried into captivity. ^[4]

On April 22, 1760, Contoocook Plantation was incorporated as a town by Governor Benning Wentworth, who named it for Edward Boscawen, the British admiral who distinguished himself at the 1758 Siege of Louisbourg. With a generally level surface, the town provided good farmland, and became noted for its apple, pear and cherry orchards. Bounded by the Merrimack and Contoocook rivers, it had abundant sources of water power for mills.

Industries soon included a cotton mill, a woolen factory, nine sawmills, a gristmill, a saw manufacturer and machine shop, and a chair and match factory. A mill town village developed at Fisherville (now Penacook), which straddled the river border with Concord. ^[4] In 1846, the Northern Railroad was built through Boscawen, opening the following winter. ^[5]

Sometime around 1846, the town's postmaster became one of about a dozen in the country to issue provisional postage stamps before the official issue came out in 1847. The stamps were an adaptation of a postmark, simply reading PAID / 5 / CENTS, typeset in blue on a yellowish paper. These are extremely rare; in 2003, the estimated price at auction was US$225,000. ^[6]

The 1915 Boscawen Public Library was designed by noted Boston architect Guy Lowell.

The former Penacook Academy on North Main Street, listed on the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places, now serves as the Boscawen Municipal Facility.

• 
  Street view c. 1905
• 
  B. & M. Station in 1908
• 
  The Penacook House

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 25.5 square miles (66.1 km²), of which 24.9 square miles (64.5 km²) are land and 0.66 square miles (1.7 km²) are water, comprising 2.50% of the town. ^[1] The highest point in Boscawen is an unnamed summit at Raleigh Farm near the town's northern border, where the elevation reaches approximately 930 feet (280 m) above sea level. The town is drained by the Merrimack River, which forms the town's eastern border, and by the Contoocook River, a tributary.

The town is served by U.S. Route 3 and U.S. Route 4.

Adjacent municipalities

• Franklin (north)
• Northfield (northeast)
• Canterbury (east)
• Concord (south)
• Webster (west)
• Salisbury (northwest)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1790	1,108		—
1800	1,414		27.6%
1810	1,829		29.3%
1820	2,113		15.5%
1830	2,093		−0.9%
1840	1,965		−6.1%
1850	2,063		5.0%
1860	2,274		10.2%
1870	1,637		−28.0%
1880	1,381		−15.6%
1890	1,487		7.7%
1900	1,455		−2.2%
1910	1,240		−14.8%
1920	1,260		1.6%
1930	1,359		7.9%
1940	1,663		22.4%
1950	1,857		11.7%
1960	2,181		17.4%
1970	3,162		45.0%
1980	3,435		8.6%
1990	3,586		4.4%
2000	3,672		2.4%
2010	3,965		8.0%
2020	3,998		0.8%
U.S. Decennial Census [2] [7]

As of the census ^[8] of 2000, there were 3,672 people, 1,260 households, and 913 families residing in the town. The population density was 148.5 inhabitants per square mile (57.3/km²). There were 1,295 housing units at an average density of 52.4 per square mile (20.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.74% White, 0.57% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of the population.

There were 1,260 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,524, and the median income for a family was $45,850. Males had a median income of $31,350 versus $23,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,732. About 5.4% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Elektrisola Incorporated is the largest source of employment for Boscawen-area residents.

Sites of interest

• Hannah Duston Memorial State Historic Site
• NH State Veterans Cemetery

Notable people

• Claire D. Clarke (died 2022), New Hampshire state representative ^[9]
• Moody Currier (1806–1898), 40th governor of New Hampshire ^[10]
• John Adams Dix (1798–1879), New York City Postmaster, 24th governor of New York, Major General in the US Civil War ^[11]
• Marion Dix Sullivan (1802–1860), songwriter, composer ^[12]
• Moses G. Farmer (1820–1893), electrical engineer, inventor ^[13]
• William P. Fessenden (1806–1869), US senator, Secretary of the Treasury ^[14]
• Charles Gordon Greene (1804–1886), journalist ^[15]
• Nathaniel Greene (1797–1877), journalist ^[15]
• Lucia Ames Mead (1856–1936), author ^[16]
• Lyndon A. Smith (1854–1918), politician, Minnesota attorney general ^[17]
• Bradford N. Stevens (1813–1885), US congressman ^[18]
• Daniel Webster (1782–1852), US congressman, senator, Secretary of State; unsuccessful presidential candidate ^[19]

References

• New Hampshire portal

1. "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
2. "Boscawen town, Merrimack County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
3. Dain Trafton, "Hannah Duston - Heroine and Witness: William Andrews' Monumental Statue of Hannah Duston." Address delivered at the Deerfield-Wellesley Symposium, 14 March, 2015. Boscawen Historical Society website, accessed March 5, 2019.
4. Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp.  424–426. coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
5. Charles Carleton Coffin, The History of Boscawen and Webster from 1733 to 1878; Concord, New Hampshire 1878
6. Boscawen provisional postage stamps Archived March 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
7. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
8. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
9. Our Campaigns.com-Claire Clarke
10. "Gov. Moody Currier". National Governors Association. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
11. McAdam, David; et al. (1897). History of the Bench and Bar of New York. Vol. 1. New York History Company. pp. 307–309. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
12. McCaskey, John Piersol (1888), Franklin Square Song Collection: Two Hundred Favorite Songs, Volume 5 , retrieved April 18, 2019
13. Vetter, Edward H. "Moses G. Farmer, Eliot's Inventor". Town of Eliot, Maine. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
14. United States Congress. "FESSENDEN, William Pitt (1806 - 1869) (id: F000099)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress .
15. Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Greene, Nathaniel"  . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography . New York: D. Appleton.
16. Sandra Opdycke, "Lucia True Ames Mead" in American National Biography Online (2000).
17. Twentieth Biennial Report for the Years 1917 and 1918. Saint Paul, Minn.: Minnesota Historical Society. 1919. p. 39.
18. United States Congress. "STEVENS, Bradford Newcomb (1813 - 1885) (id: S000876)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress .
19. Remini, Robert V. (1997). Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time . W.W. Norton & Company. pp.  78-79. ISBN   0-393-04552-8.

External links

• Official website
• Boscawen Public Library
• New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile