Giuseppe (Beppo) P.S. Occhialini and Patrick Blackett in 1932 or 1933. Credit: Giuseppe Occhialini and Constance Dilworth Archive, Università degli Studi di Milano Statale.
Occhialini returned in Italy in 1934, where he suffered from the political climate generated by fascism. Thus, from 1937 to 1944, following an invitation by Gleb Wataghin, he worked at the Institute of Physics of the University of São Paulo in Brazil.
In 1944, Occhialini returned to England, working in the Wills Physics Laboratory at the University of Bristol, where he studied cosmic rays. In 1947, while in Bristol, he contributed to the discovery of the pion or pi-meson decay in collaboration with César Lattes, Cecil Powell, and Hugh Muirhead. The discovery was made using the technology of the tracks on specialized photographic emulsions. Powell won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1950, in large part for this work.[2]
Occhialini was a protagonist in cosmic ray research with the nuclear utilization of photographic emulsions exposed to high energy cosmic radiation, work which culminated in 1954 with the European G-Stack collaboration, that focused on the decay products of the kaons. Later on with the coming of particle accelerators, Occhialini explored that new field of research. He also made outstanding contributions to space physics, importantly contributing to the foundation of the European Space Agency.[3]
Personal life
Occhialini was an avid mountain climber. During World War II, while staying in Brazil—then a country hostile to Italy—he became an authorized alpine guide in Itatiaia National Park, where there is a peak named Pico Occhialini.[citation needed]
The satellite SAX, the first Italian satellite for the study of gamma rays, was renamed BeppoSAX from his nickname "Beppo," which is a diminutive for Giuseppe.
In 2004, Prof. Antonio Vitale,[12] Ordinary Professor of Physics at the University of Bologna, created the "Foundation Giuseppe Occhialini" with its seat at Fossombrone, birth town of Giuseppe Occhialini. The Foundation has as its objective the popularization of physics in the superior schools, and is active above all in the province of Pesaro-Urbino, where every year there is held a course with the allocation of scholarships for the worthiest students.
On 22 June 2009, a square in Milan square was named after him, that same square where the Institute of Physics was at the time he first became professor there. The sign in the square was unveiled at a ceremony with the deans of both of Milan's state universities, Enrico Decleva and Marcello Fontanesi, Beppo's daughter Etra, and Professor Guido Vegni, one of Beppo's pupils and successors in particle physics research.
Unveiling of the Piazza Occhialini (Occhialini Square) sign, 22 June 2009, Milan, Italy
The Piazza Occhialini (Occhialini Square) sign, Milan, Italy
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