Gymnanthes

Oysterwood
Gymnanthes lucida in Florida
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily:	Euphorbioideae
Tribe:	Hippomaneae
Subtribe:	Hippomaninae
Genus:	Gymnanthes Sw.
Type species
Gymnanthes lucida Sw. [1]
Synonyms [2]
Ateramnus P.Browne DuvigneaudiaJ.Léonard GussoniaSpreng. GymnanthusEndl. SarothrostachysKlotzsch

Gymnanthes is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 1788. ^{[3] [1]} It is found primarily in the warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere (from Florida and Mexico south to Argentina), but with some species in central Africa and southwestern Southeast Asia. ^{[2] [4] [5] [6] [7]}

Members of the genus are commonly known as oysterwood. ^[8] The genus has 45 species and is pantropical.

Species ^[2]

1. Gymnanthes actinostemoides - Mexico
2. Gymnanthes albicans - Cuba
3. Gymnanthes belizensis - Belize
4. Gymnanthes borneensis - Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra
5. Gymnanthes boticario - Brazil
6. Gymnanthes discolor - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
7. Gymnanthes dressleri - Panama
8. Gymnanthes elliptica - Jamaica
9. Gymnanthes farinosa - Guadeloupe, Saint Lucia, Dominica
10. Gymnanthes gaudichaudii - Bahia, Rio de Janeiro state
11. Gymnanthes glabrata - Bahia, Rio de Janeiro state
12. Gymnanthes glandulosa - Glandular oysterwood - Cuba, Jamaica
13. Gymnanthes guyanensis - Rupununi
14. Gymnanthes hypoleuca - Lesser Antilles, S Venezuela, N Brazil
15. Gymnanthes inopinata - Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
16. Gymnanthes insolita - Nayarit
17. Gymnanthes integra - Jamaica
18. Gymnanthes leonardii-crispi - Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda
19. Gymnanthes longipes - Mexico
20. Gymnanthes lucida - Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America
21. Gymnanthes nervosa - Bolivia, Paraguay, Rio de Janeiro state
22. Gymnanthes pallens - Cuba, Hispaniola
23. Gymnanthes recurva - Cuba
24. Gymnanthes remota - Sumatra
25. Gymnanthes riparia - Mexico, Central America
26. Gymnanthes widgrenii - Minas Gerais

Species ^[2]

moved to other genera: Actinostemon Ditrysinia Microstachys Sebastiania Stillingia

1. G. angustifolia - Sebastiania schottiana
2. G. bahiensis - Sebastiania bahiensis
3. G. brachyclada - Sebastiania klotzschiana
4. G. brachypoda - Actinostemon brachypodus
5. G. brasiliensis - Sebastiania brasiliensis
6. G. brevifolia - Sebastiania brevifolia
7. G. concolor - Actinostemon concolor
8. G. granatensis - Sebastiania granatensis
9. G. jacobinensis - Sebastiania jacobinensis
10. G. klotzschiana - Sebastiania klotzschiana
11. G. ligustrina - Ditrysinia fruticosa
12. G. macrocarpa - Sebastiania macrocarpa
13. G. marginata - Sebastiania klotzschiana
14. G. pavoniana - Sebastiania pavoniana
15. G. pringlei - Sebastiania pavoniana
16. G. pteroclada - Sebastiania pteroclada
17. G. rigida - Sebastiania rigida
18. G. schomburgkii - Actinostemon schomburgkii
19. G. schottiana - Sebastiania schottiana
20. G. serrata - Sebastiania serrata
21. G. stipulacea - Microstachys stipulacea
22. G. treculiana - Stillingia treculiana
23. G. trinervia - Sebastiania trinervia
24. G. ypanemensis - Sebastiania ypanemensis

References

1. Tropicos, Gymnanthes Sw.
2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
3. Swartz, Olof. 1788. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus 6, 95–96
4. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
5. Martínez Gordillo, M., J. J. Ramírez, R. C. Durán, E. J. Arriaga, R. García, A. Cervantes & R. M. Hernández. 2002. Los géneros de la familia Euphorbiaceae en México. Anales del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Botánica 73(2): 155–281.
6. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010 Archived 2015-09-06 at the Wayback Machine . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
7. Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised synopsis of Panamanian Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(3): 1087–1144
8. Miroslav M. Grandtner, ed. (2005). "Gymnanthes Sw.". Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees. Vol. 1: North America. Elsevier. pp. 403–404. ISBN   978-0-444-51784-5.