Gymnostoma

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Gymnostoma
Gymnostoma deplancheanum.jpg
Gymnostoma deplancheanum , very old specimen, near Prony, New Caledonia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Casuarinaceae
Genus: Gymnostoma
L.A.S.Johnson [1] [2]
Species

See text

Gymnostoma poissonianum Cultivated, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia. Oct. 2002. Scott Zona from Miami, Florida, USA Gymnostoma poissonianum (Scott Zona) 002.jpg
Gymnostoma poissonianum Cultivated, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia. Oct. 2002. Scott Zona from Miami, Florida, USA
Gymnostoma poissonianum Mt. Dzumac, New Caledonia, Sep 2000. Scott Zona from Miami, Florida, USA Gymnostoma poissonianum (Scott Zona) 001.jpg
Gymnostoma poissonianum Mt. Dzumac, New Caledonia, Sep 2000. Scott Zona from Miami, Florida, USA

Gymnostoma is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae. [1] [2] [3] [4] The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high elevations having temperate climates, in forests in the region of the western Pacific ocean and Malesia. In New Caledonia, published botanical science describes eight species found growing naturally, which botanists have not found anywhere else (endemics). [5] Other species are native to Borneo, Sumatra, Maluku, and New Guinea, [6] and one endemic species each in Fiji and the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. [7]

The genus was first scientifically described by Lawrie A. S. Johnson in 1980. [1] Many of the Gymnostoma species combinations of names (binomials) were described by him in 1982. [3] As of 2013, a global total of eighteen species have been found and described. [8] [9]

The majority of the species grow in rainforests, in the habitats of open, sunny, long-term gaps, from river bank (riparian) situations through to mountain top situations. In New Caledonia two endemic species G. chamaecyparis and G. deplancheanum have specialised adaptations, growing in wet "shrub maquis and paraforest maquis formations. G. chamaecyparis is associated with hypermagnesian soils (hypermagnesian inceptisol) below 600 m altitude at the base of ultramafic massifs. G. deplancheanum occurs on ferralitic ferritic desaturated hardpan or gravelly soils (oxisol) on the southern massif at altitudes between 200 and 1,000 m". [5]

Species

There are 14 formally described species: [10] [6]

There are approximately four additional species, found in New Guinea and collections preserved, that are awaiting formal description. [12]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Casuarina</i> Genus of trees

Casuarina, also known as she-oak, Australian pine and native pine, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Casuarinaceae, and is native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa.

<i>Cupaniopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Harpullia</i> Genus of trees

Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation.

<i>Jagera</i> (plant) Genus of trees

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<i>Allocasuarina torulosa</i> Species of tree

Allocasuarina torulosa, commonly known as forest oak, rose sheoak, river oak or Baker's oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a slender, usually dioecious tree that has drooping branchlets up to 140 mm (5.5 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four or five, and the fruiting cones 15–33 mm (0.59–1.30 in) long containing winged seeds 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long.

<i>Arytera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Arytera is a genus of about twenty–eight species known to science, of trees and shrubs and constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga; and the most widespread species and type species A. littoralis grows throughout Malesia and across Southeast Asia, from NE. India, southern China, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines to as far east as New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Elattostachys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Elattostachys is a genus of about 21 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Lepiderema</i> Genus of trees

Lepiderema is a genus of nine species of trees from the family Sapindaceae. As of November 2013 botanists know of seven species growing naturally in Australia and two species in New Guinea. Published botanical science provides a limited knowledge of the full range of diversity in Australia and especially in New Guinea. In New Guinea the two known species have descriptions based each on only a single type specimen collection. Therefore, collection of more specimens and more species is most likely in New Guinea. In Australia they grow in rainforests of the northern half of the east coast side of the Great Dividing Range, from northeastern New South Wales through to northeastern Queensland.

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<i>Gymnostoma australianum</i> Species of tree in the family Casuarinaceae

Gymnostoma australianum, commonly known as the Daintree pine or Daintree oak, is a species of small tree which is endemic to a restricted area of the Daintree tropical rainforests region, within the Wet Tropics of north-eastern Queensland, Australia. It is a member of the plant family Casuarinaceae, often named she-oaks, members of which are characterised by drooping equisetoid evergreen foliage, and separate male and female flowers (unisexual). Superficially they look like well known scale–leaved gymnosperm trees species, such as Cupressus in the northern hemisphere and Callitris in the southern hemisphere.

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<i>Mischarytera</i> Genus of plants

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<i>Sarcotoechia</i> Genus of trees

Sarcotoechia is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Synima</i> Genus of trees

Synima is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Cnesmocarpon is a genus of 4 species of rainforest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Gillbeea</i> Genus of flowering plants

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (1980). "Notes on Casuarinaceae". Telopea. (Online page archive version, link via APNI Gymnostoma ref's). 2 (1): 83–84. doi:10.7751/telopea19804114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Gymnostoma%". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database (listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 15 Nov 2013.
  3. 1 2 Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (23 December 1982). "Notes on the Casuarinaceae II" (PDF). Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. 6 (1): 73–87. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  4. Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (1988). "Notes on Casuarinaceae III: The new genus Ceuthostoma". Telopea. (Online page archive version, link via APNI Ceuthostoma ref's). 3 (2): 133–137. doi: 10.7751/telopea19884801 . A synoptic key for the four genera of the family is given.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jaffré, Tanguy; Gauthier, Daniel; Rigault, Frédéric; McCoy, Stéphane (1994). ORSOM (Nouvelle-Calédonie). "Les Casuarinacées endémiques - Caractéristiques écologiques et nutritionnelles" [The Endemic Casuarinaceae (of New Caledonia) – Ecological and Nutritional Characteristics](PDF). Bois et Forêts des Tropiques (in French and English) (242 New Caledonia Special): 31–43.
  6. 1 2 Govaerts R. "Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  7. "Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson". Atlas of Living Australia.
  8. F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Casuarinaceae". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  9. "Gymnostoma". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
  10. "The Plant List entry for Gymnostoma". The Plant List, v.1.1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. September 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  11. F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Gymnostoma australianum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  12. Conn, Barry J. (2013) [2008+]. "Gymnostoma" (Online, from pngplants.org/PNGCensus). Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea. Retrieved 15 November 2013.