Hawkei

Last updated

Hawkei
Hawkei DSC02320.JPG
A Hawkei protected mobility vehicle on display at the 2014 International Defence Industry Exhibition
TypeMultirole armoured car
Place of origin Australia
Production history
Designer Thales Australia
Boeing Australia
Plasan
Designed2010
ManufacturerThales Australia
Produced2016—present
Variants See Variants
Specifications
Mass7,000 kg (15,432 lb) (kerb),
10,000 kg (22,046 lb) (GVM)
Length5,780mm
Width2,396mm
Height2,300mm
Crew4-6
Armor Greater than STANAG 4569 (Level 1). Additional applique armour provided by Plasan composite and V-shaped monocoque hull
Main
armament
Manned weapon mount up to 12.7mm HMG or 40mm AGL
or remote weapon system up to 12.7mm HMG or 40mm AGL or ATGM [1]
Engine Steyr M16 six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine.
200 kW (268 hp) @ 4,000rpm
610 N⋅m (450 lb⋅ft) @ 2,000rpm
Transmission ZF 8-speed automatic
Suspension AxleTech 3000, fully independent suspension, coil and double wishbone
Fuel capacity200 L (53 U.S. gal)
Operational
range
600 km (373 mi)
Maximum speed 130km/h (81 mph)
Steering
system
Power-assisted

The Hawkei is an Australian light four-wheel-drive protected mobility vehicle. Originally designed in 2010 to meet an Australian Defence Force (ADF) requirement for a light armoured patrol vehicle to replace some of its Land Rover Perentie variants. The Hawkei is a highly mobile, highly protected, 7-tonne vehicle, with inbuilt systems to allow it to be used as a fighting platform. [2] It has been developed with Vehicle Electronic Architecture to be mission system ready. [3]

Contents

It is intended to undertake a range of mission profiles, including troop movement, command and control, electronic warfare, liaison, surveillance and reconnaissance. [4] Prime contractors include: Thales Australia, Boeing Australia, Plasan (Israel) and PAC Group. In October 2015, the Australian Government announced the purchase of 1,100 Hawkei vehicles from Thales Australia. [5]

History

As part of a wider project to replace the ADF's fleet of operational support vehicles, Project Land 121 Phase 4 – Protected Mobility Vehicle (Light) or PMV-L, is a requirement for up to 1,300 specialised light armoured vehicles to replace some of the in-service Land Rovers. Key criteria for the project included: off-road mobility, integrated vehicle electronic architecture, substantial payloads, high levels of protection against land mines, improvised explosive devices and ballistic weapons, while being light enough to be airlifted by military helicopters. The three options considered as part of the project were:

Competitors for the MSA option included the combat-proven MOWAG Eagle IV from General Dynamics Land Systems; the British military then selected Ocelot from Force Protection; and the Hawkei offering from Thales Australia. The JLTV option included entries from BAE Systems/Navistar, [8] AM General/General Dynamics [9] and Lockheed Martin. [10]

In December 2011 the Australian Department of Defence announced Hawkei as the preferred vehicle for further development and testing under the MSA option. [3]

In October 2015, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and Minister for Defence Marise Payne announced the purchase of 1,100 Hawkei vehicles and trailers at a cost of $1.3 billion with the Hawkei to be manufactured at Thales's facility in Bendigo. [11] [12] The purchase includes 1058 trailers designed by Schutt Industries and manufactured by Thales at their facility in Eagle Farm. [13] [14] Two variants of the Hawkei will be purchased: a 4-door variant and a 2-door utility variant. [15] [16] The 4-door variant will be able to be configured using a mission-kit for three roles: Command, Liaison and Reconnaissance. [15] [17] 635 4-door variants and 465 2-door variants will be purchased. [18] [13]

In September 2018, the Australian National Audit Office released a report which criticised aspects of the Hawkei project. [19] The report judged that Australia should have remained in the JLTV program to provide competition for the Hawkei procurement and that the Department of Defence had not kept ministers fully informed about the Hawkei program. This included not providing ministers with a study which found that there were few benefits from building the vehicles in Australia. The ANAO was unable to publish some elements of the audit after Attorney General Christian Porter ruled that publishing it would compromise national security. Thales had taken legal action earlier in the year seeking to have material removed from the report. [20] Some of the suppressed elements of the report were released in 2021 following a freedom of information request, and included material stating that the Department of Defence had been unable to demonstrate that the Hawkei represented value for money compared to the JLTV. [21]

In December 2018, the Hawkei faced reliability issues following a demonstration test conducted on 19 November 2018, delaying full-rate production. [22]

In September 2020, Defence Minister Linda Reynolds and Defence Industry Minister Melissa Price announced that the Hawkei would enter full-rate production at Thales's facility in Bendigo at approximately 50 vehicles per month. [23]

In March 2022, it was reported that delivery of the vehicle had been delayed due to issues with their brakes, only 3 months after full production had been started. [24]

In July 2024, the deliveries resumed after the braking problem was fixed. [25]

Variants

All variants use the same four wheeled platform.

4 door

Dual cab with a crew of four to six, weapons system options including up to 12.7mm guns or 40 mm grenade systems in various mounts with a remote operated option. [26] [27]

The 4-doors variants include the following sub.variants: [28]

2 door

A Hawkei utility variant in 2016 Hawkei utility variant at the 2016 ADFA Open Day.jpg
A Hawkei utility variant in 2016

Single-extended cab with a flat-bed cargo area measuring; L: 2,000 mm (79 in) x W: 2,400 mm (94 in). The vehicle has a crew of 2–3 and has a kerb weight of 6,800 kg (14,991 lb) with a rated cargo load of 3,000 kg (6,614 lb). The load bed is designed to accommodate four 1000mm × 1200mm (40" x 48") NATO standard military pallets or a single tricon (one-third ISO 20 ft) container. [26] [29]

Proposed variants

Border Protection

Dual cab with a crew of four to six, various equipment options including force protection radar, surveillance and communications systems. [30]

Special Operations Vehicle

Dual cab manned by a crew of four to six with up to three weapon systems: [31] [32]

Options included full doors, half doors, windscreen and scalable racking system for payload. [31]

Etymology

The Hawkei is named after Acanthophis hawkei , [33] a species of death adder. In turn, the snake is named after former Prime Minister of Australia Bob Hawke. [34]

Operators

Current operators

Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia (1,100 ordered)
The Australian Army awarded a contract to manufacture 1,100 Hawkei. [35] As of June 2023, 423 were delivered. [36] And as of January 2024, Thales announced that the 1,000th lifted off the production line in Bendigo. [37]

Potential operators

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
The Canadian Army is looking for a successor of the Mercedes G-Wagon and Chevrolet Silverado under the Light Utility Vehicle (LUV) project.
The project has a budget of $250 to 499 million Canadian dollars, it is expected to be implemented in 2027 or 2028, and the delivery to start in 2028 or 2029, until 2031 or 2032. [38]
Several vehicles are being considered.
  • Roshel probably with the Senator which is already being manufactured in Canada, and being supplied by Canada to Ukraine. [39]
  • Thales Hawkei which was observed ongoing testing in Canada in April 2020. [40]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
On August 5, 2022, it was reported in Japan that Mitsubishi Heavy Industries may manufacture the Hawkei under licence from Thales in case the contract is awarded to them for the JGSDF. [41] It's marketed to replace the Komatsu LAV. [42] The Hawkei and the Mowag Eagle V were ordered in limited quantity for trials in 2023, and were observed on public roads in Japan. [43]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Thales UK is offering the Bushmaster and the Hawkei for the Land Mobility Programme. [44]
The Hawkei would be part of the Light Protected Mobility category, whose role would consist of command and liaison, command and control, patrol tasks, ISTAR, GBAD, CBRN, tactical support and utility. [45] [46] This category will replace the Stormer HVM, FV430 Bulldog, Iveco LMV (Panther) and the Foxhound.

Evaluation only

Flag of France.svg  France and Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
THE VBAE programme (Véhicule Blindé d’Aide à Engagement) is a future light armoured vehicle in collaboration between France and Belgium. [47] For the French Army, it will replace the VBL.
The Thales Hawkei was one of the competitors. [48]
In December 2023 OCCAR signed a cooperation agreement with Arquus, Nexter (KNDS France) and John Cockerill to pre-design a contender for the VBAE programme. [49] In July 2024, the development was approved and therefore, unless major changes, the Scarabee will become the VBAE. [50]
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
The Thales Hawkei was one of the four finalists of the Pegaz Programme. This programme was initially planned in two phases. The first phase intended to equip the special operations forces and the military police with 4×4 to participate in missions such as patrol, intervention, counter-terrorism and reconnaissance scenarios. [51] In the longer run, the winner of the competition was intended to become the new multi-purpose 4×4 of the Polish Army.
The pre-selected vehicles were the Fortress Mk2 (French), Thales Hawkei (Australia), Patriot II (Polish / Czech) and Tur V.
In 2021, the programme was cancelled. [52] This programme could have resulted in an initial purchase of 50 vehicles, and as many as 700 over the long term. [53]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Hawkei's Genesis: Protection, Mobility and Performance". Thales Group. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  2. ↑ "Hawkei - Next Generation Protected Mobility Vehicle" (PDF). Thales Group. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  3. 1 2 "Thales Hawkei Receives Contract for Further Development". Deagel.com. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
  4. ↑ "Hawkei - Next Generation Protected Mobility Vehicle". Thales Group.
  5. ↑ Tufrey, LS Jayson (22 October 2015). "Our vehicle of the future" (PDF). Army: The Soldiers' Newspaper (1362 ed.). Canberra, Australia: Department of Defence. pp. 2–3. ISSN   0729-5685. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2017.
  6. ↑ "Oshkosh Beats Lockheed, AM General For Historic JLTV Win". Breaking Defense. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  7. ↑ "Defence Materiel Organisation– Defence Capability Plan (Public Version Aug 2011)". Department of Defence. August 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  8. ↑ "BAE Systems – Navistar Defense – ArvinMeritor Team Delivers Australian Joint Light Tactical Vehicle Prototypes". BAE Systems/Navistar Press Release. Business Wire. 21 June 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2012. BAE Systems, through its U.S. Combat Systems business, along with partners Navistar Defense and ArvinMeritor, delivered three right-hand-drive, operation-configured Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) prototypes in a ceremony today in West Point, Mississippi. Each of these prototypes will be sent to Australia for durability testing that mutually supports both U.S. and Australian interests.
  9. ↑ "GTV Delivers Right-Hand Operation JLTV Technology Development Vehicles on Schedule". Press Release. General Tactical Vehicles. 20 July 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2012. Test and evaluation of the RHO JLTVs includes a five-month reliability and durability test and evaluation process at the Monegeetta Proving Ground in Monegeetta, Victoria, Australia. Test-site management for GTV will be performed by General Dynamics Land Systems–Australia and supported by Australian in-country suppliers.
  10. ↑ "Lockheed Martin Delivers Right Hand Operation JLTV Technology Development Vehicles To U.S. Government For Testing". Press Release. Lockheed Martin. 23 June 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2012. Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] today delivered two right hand operation Joint Light Tactical Vehicles (JLTV), and a companion trailer, to the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps and representatives of the Australian Army for Technology Development (TD) phase assessment and testing. The two variants included a JLTV Category B Command and Control on the Move and a Category C Utility vehicle, which is designed with a focus on payload. All vehicles feature right-hand operation, but are otherwise identical to the U.S. vehicles.
  11. ↑ "Hawkei: Army to spend $1.3 billion on Australian-made replacement for ageing Land Rover fleet". ABC News. 5 October 2015.
  12. ↑ "Joint media release – Army's Hawkei to be built in Australia" (Press release). Department of Defence. 5 October 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  13. 1 2 Basan, MAJ Thomas (30 October 2020). "Hawkei is Coming, What can we do with it?" (PDF). The Cove. Australian Army. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  14. ↑ The Auditor-General (2018). Army's Protected Mobility Vehicle - Light (PDF). Auditor-General Report No.6 2018–19. Canberra: Australian National Audit Office. p. 5. ISBN   9781760333850 . Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  15. 1 2 The Auditor-General 2018, p. 67.
  16. ↑ The Auditor-General (2021). 2020–21 Major Projects Report (PDF). Auditor-General Report No.13 2021–22. Canberra: Australian National Audit Office. p. 199. ISBN   9781760336981 . Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  17. ↑ The Auditor-General 2021, p. 199.
  18. ↑ The Auditor-General 2021, p. 203.
  19. ↑ The Auditor-General 2018.
  20. ↑ Callinan, Rory (12 September 2018). "Auditor general prevented from tabling full report into $1bn Hawkei military contract". The Australian. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
  21. ↑ Greene, Andrew (9 January 2021). "Australian military's $1.3 billion Hawkei contract criticisms revealed after previously sealed by the Attorney-General". ABC News. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  22. ↑ "SITREP | Australia's Hawkei Protected Mobility Vehicle". www.indrastra.com. ISSN   2381-3652 . Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  23. ↑ "Hawkei ready to enter full rate production". Department of Defence Ministers (Press release). 3 September 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  24. ↑ "Brake problems delay delivery of Army's billion-dollar Hawkei fleet". ABC News. 3 March 2022.
  25. ↑ Reporter, Staff (16 July 2024). "Thales Hawkei deliveries resume - report". Australian Manufacturing Forum. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  26. 1 2 "Hawkei New Generation Protected Vehicle" (PDF). Thales. August 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  27. ↑ "Command brochure". Thales Group. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013.
  28. ↑ "Project Data Summary Sheet - LAND 121 Phase 4" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ↑ "Hawkei Ute". Thales Group. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013.
  30. ↑ "Hawkei Border Protection". Thales Group. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013.
  31. 1 2 "Hawkei Special Operations Vehicle". Thales Group. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013.
  32. ↑ "Thales - Hawkei The next generation in protection". Michael Luzar. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016.
  33. ↑ "Hawkei's genesis: protection, mobility & performance" . Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  34. ↑ Wells; Wellington (1985). "A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia" (PDF): 43. Retrieved 8 September 2015.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  35. ↑ Saballa, Joe (18 July 2024). "Australia to Begin Accepting Hawkei Military Vehicles as Issues 'Fixed'". The Defense Post. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  36. ↑ The Auditor-General (2024). 2022–23 Major Projects Report: Department of Defence (PDF). Auditor-General Report No.14 2023–24. Canberra: Australian National Audit Office. pp. 197–198. ISBN   9781760338800 . Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  37. ↑ "Thales Hawkei New Generation Protected Vehicle". Joint Forces News. 22 January 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  38. ↑ Government of Canada, National Defence (30 May 2018). "Light Utility Vehicle - Defence Capabilities Blueprint". apps.forces.gc.ca. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  39. ↑ Manuel, Rojoef (23 May 2024). "Roshel Taps Babcock to Support Canada's Light Utility Vehicle Replacements". The Defense Post. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  40. ↑ "A cold weather test". Canadian Army Today magazine. Cremona Ink. 21 April 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  41. ↑ "Japan mulls options for several armoured vehicle programmes | Shephard".
  42. ↑ https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/jgsdf-lines-up-next-generation-wheeled-armoured-vehicles/
  43. ↑ "Japan to procure Hawkei, Eagle light vehicles for trials". Default. 26 June 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  44. ↑ "IAV 2024: Thales UK pitches Bushmaster and Hawkei for British Army's Land Mobility Programme". Default. 29 January 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  45. ↑ "IAV 2024: British Army outlines procurement plans for Land Mobility Programme". Janes.com. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  46. ↑ "UK starts to move on Land Mobility Programme | Shephard". www.shephardmedia.com. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  47. ↑ "OCCAR - VBAE". www.occar.int. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  48. ↑ Gain, Nathan (11 June 2018). "Le Hawkei de Thales, futur VBAE de l'Armée de Terre française ?". FOB - Forces Operations Blog (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  49. ↑ "OCCAR - Launching of Pre-Design Phase of Véhicule Blindé d'Aide à l'Engagement (VBAE) Programme with Signature of VBAE contract". www.occar.int. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  50. ↑ Lagneau, Laurent (15 July 2024). "Futur blindé d'aide à l'engagement : Le ministère des Armées met en avant le SCARABEE d'Arquus". Zone Militaire (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  51. ↑ "EAGLE Multi-Role Vehicle Proposed for Polish Army". defence24.com (in Polish). 3 September 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  52. ↑ "Pegaz Programme: A Fiasco? [COMMENTARY]". defence24.com (in Polish). 2 August 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  53. ↑ "Pyne spruiks Hawkei, FFGs and defence industry in Poland". Australian Defence Magazine. 1 November 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
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