Heimdallarchaeum

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" Candidatus Heimdallarchaeum" is a genus of archaea that in turn forms a distinct group within the Promethearchaeati kingdom. [1] Named after the mythical Norse god, Heimdall, one of the sons of Odin, it is considered the closest relative of eukaryotes. [2] [3] The first specimens were discovered by a team of microbiologists at the Uppsala University, Sweden [4] from the marine sediments at Loki's Castle (hydrothermal vents in the mid-Atlantic Ocean) and Bay of Aarhus (a waterway in Denmark), and some other species from Auka hydrothermal vent field in the Pacific Ocean. [5] Its class, "Candidatus Heimdallarchaeia" is the group of archaea that eukaryotes emerged. A later study reports that their newly developed data shows that the promethearchaeon ancestors of eukaryotes are rooted in a group older than the "Candidatus Heimdallarchaeia. [6] The genus and its family, order and class are not recognized by LPSN as "pro-correct". [7]

References

  1. ↑ Spang, Anja; Stairs, Courtney W.; Dombrowski, Nina; Eme, Laura; Lombard, Jonathan; Caceres, Eva F.; Greening, Chris; Baker, Brett J.; Ettema, Thijs J. G. (2019). "Proposal of the reverse flow model for the origin of the eukaryotic cell based on comparative analyses of Asgard archaeal metabolism" (PDF). Nature Microbiology. 4 (7): 1138–1148. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0406-9. ISSN   2058-5276. PMID   30936488.
  2. ↑ Albers, Sonja; Ashmore, Jonathan; Pollard, Thomas; Spang, Anja; Zhou, Jizhong (2022). "Origin of eukaryotes: What can be learned from the first successfully isolated Asgard archaeon". Faculty Reviews. 11: 3. doi: 10.12703/r-01-000005 . ISSN   2732-432X. PMC   8815363 . PMID   35174363.
  3. ↑ Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka, Katarzyna; Caceres, Eva F.; Saw, Jimmy H.; Bäckström, Disa; Juzokaite, Lina; Vancaester, Emmelien; Seitz, Kiley W.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Starnawski, Piotr; Kjeldsen, Kasper U.; Stott, Matthew B.; Nunoura, Takuro; Banfield, Jillian F.; Schramm, Andreas; Baker, Brett J. (2017-01-19). "Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity". Nature. 541 (7637): 353–358. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..353Z. doi:10.1038/nature21031. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   28077874. S2CID   4458094.
  4. ↑ Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka, Katarzyna; Caceres, Eva F.; Saw, Jimmy H.; Bäckström, Disa; Juzokaite, Lina; Vancaester, Emmelien; Seitz, Kiley W.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Starnawski, Piotr; Kjeldsen, Kasper U.; Stott, Matthew B.; Nunoura, Takuro; Banfield, Jillian F.; Schramm, Andreas; Baker, Brett J. (January 2017). "Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity". Nature. 541 (7637): 353–358. doi:10.1038/nature21031. ISSN   1476-4687.
  5. ↑ Wu, Fabai; Speth, Daan R.; Philosof, Alon; Crémière, Antoine; Narayanan, Aditi; Barco, Roman A.; Connon, Stephanie A.; Amend, Jan P.; et al. (2022). "Unique mobile elements and scalable gene flow at the prokaryote-eukaryote boundary revealed by circularized Asgard archaea genomes". Nature Microbiology. 7 (2): 200–212. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01039-y. ISSN   2058-5276. PMC   8813620 . PMID   35027677.
  6. ↑ Zhang, Jiawei; Feng, Xiaoyuan; Li, Meng; Liu, Yang; Liu, Min; Hou, Li-Jun; Dong, Hong-Po (7 May 2025). "Deep origin of eukaryotes outside Heimdallarchaeia within Asgardarchaeota". Nature. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08955-7 . PMC   12222021 . Retrieved 8 May 2025.
  7. ↑ "Genus: Heimdallarchaeum". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2025-04-02.
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