Heptageniidae Temporal range: | |
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Rhithrogena germanica | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Ephemeroptera |
Suborder: | Pisciforma |
Superfamily: | Heptagenioidea |
Family: | Heptageniidae Needham, 1901 |
Synonyms | |
Heptaeniidae |
The Heptageniidae (synonym: Ecdyonuridae) are a family of mayflies with over 500 described species mainly distributed in the Holarctic, Oriental, and Afrotropical regions, and also present in the Central American Tropics and extreme northern South America. [1]
The group is sometimes referred to as flat-headed mayflies or stream mayflies. These are generally rather small mayflies with three long tails. The wings are usually clear with prominent venation although species with variegated wings are known. As in most mayflies, the males have large compound eyes, but not divided into upper and lower parts.
Heptageniids breed mainly in fast-flowing streams, but some species use still waters. The nymphs have a flattened shape and are usually dark in colour. They use a wide range of food sources with herbivorous, scavenging, and predatory species known.
The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists: [2]
The oldest described member of the family is † Amerogenia from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) aged New Jersey amber.
Baetidae is a family of mayflies with about 1000 described species in 110 genera distributed worldwide. These are among the smallest of mayflies, adults rarely exceeding 10 mm in length excluding the two long slender tails and sometimes much smaller, and members of the family are often referred to as small mayflies or small minnow mayflies. Most species have long oval forewings with very few cross veins but the hindwings are usually very small or even absent. The males often have very large eyes, shaped like turrets above the head.
Leptophlebiidae is a family belonging to the Ephemeropterans that are commonly known as the prong-gilled mayflies or leptophlebiids. It is the only family in the superfamily Leptophlebioidea. There are more than 650 described species of Leptophlebiids, which are easily recognized by the forked gills present on the larvae's abdomen, thus their common name.
Caenis is a genus of mayflies. They are very small in size, sometimes with a body of only an 1/8 of an inch (3.2 mm).
Ecdyonurus is a genus of mayflies of the family Heptageniidae.
Cinygmula is a genus of flatheaded mayflies in the family Heptageniidae. There are at least 30 described species in Cinygmula.
Epeorus is a genus of mayflies in the family Heptageniidae.
Heptagenia is a genus of flatheaded mayflies in the family Heptageniidae. There are at least 20 described species in Heptagenia.
Acentrella is a genus of small minnow mayflies in the family Baetidae. Species of Acentrella are recorded from Europe, North America and Asia, with a few from Africa.
Choroterpes is a genus of mayflies in the family Leptophlebiidae faound in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia.
Paraleptophlebia is a genus of mayflies in the family Leptophlebiidae. Commonly found in North America and parts of Western Europe including the British Isles.
Drunella is a genus of spiny crawler mayflies in the family Ephemerellidae. There are at least 20 described species in Drunella.
Ephemerella is a genus of spiny crawler mayflies in the family Ephemerellidae with a widespread distribution.
Ameletus is a genus of mayfly and the type genus of the family Ameletidae.
Isonychia is a genus of brushlegged mayflies in the family Isonychiidae, the sole genus of the family. There are more than 30 described species in Isonychia.
Siphlonurus is a genus of primitive minnow mayflies in the family Siphlonuridae. There are more than 40 described species in Siphlonurus.
Maccaffertium is a genus of flatheaded mayflies in the family Heptageniidae. There are at least 20 described species in Maccaffertium.
Pseudocloeon is a genus of mayflies belonging to the family Baetidae.