Hornsea

Last updated

Hornsea
Town and civil parish
Quiet day on the Prom - geograph.org.uk - 1220760.jpg
Hornsea Promenade
East Riding of Yorkshire UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Hornsea
Location within the East Riding of Yorkshire
Area4.61 sq mi (11.9 km2)
Population8,432 (2011 census) [1]
•  Density 1,829/sq mi (706/km2)
OS grid reference TA203476
Civil parish
  • Hornsea
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town HORNSEA
Postcode district HU18
Dialling code 01964
Police Humberside
Fire Humberside
Ambulance Yorkshire
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
53°54′39″N0°10′03″W / 53.9108°N 0.1676°W / 53.9108; -0.1676

Hornsea is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The settlement dates to at least the early medieval period. The town was expanded in the Victorian era with the coming of the Hull and Hornsea Railway in 1864. In the First World War, the mere was briefly the site of RNAS Hornsea Mere, a seaplane base. During the Second World War, the town and beach were heavily fortified against invasion.

Contents

The civil parish encompasses Hornsea town; the natural lake, Hornsea Mere; and the lost or deserted villages of Hornsea Beck, Northorpe and Southorpe. Structures of note in the parish include the medieval parish church of St Nicholas, Bettison's Folly, Hornsea Mere and the sea front promenade.

The economy includes a mix of tourism and small manufacturing. Most notably, Hornsea Pottery was established in Hornsea in 1949 and closed in 2000. Modern Hornsea still functions as a coastal resort and has large caravan sites to the north and south.

The soft soil and low-lying geography result in consistent coastal erosion that threatens some of the infrastructure of the community. [2] This is expected to worsen as climate change causes sea level rise. [2] In some areas, residents have already been forced to take a managed retreat. [2]

Etymology and name

The name Hornsea likely derives from the Old Norse elements horn ("horn"), nes ("headland, promontory") and sæ ("sea, lake"). [3]

Hornsea may have been the site of Cornu Vallis, a place-name derived from Brittonic corno ("horn") [4]

Geography

The civil parish of Hornsea is located on the Holderness coast approximately 16 miles (25 km) north-east of Hull. The parish is bounded by the civil parishes of Atwick to the north, Seaton to the west, Hatfield and Mappleton to the south, and by the North Sea to the east. The civil parish contains the coastal town of Hornsea, and a suburb of "Hornsea Bridge" or "Hornsea Burton" south of the former railway line, [note 1] as well as Hornsea Mere. Excluding the town and its suburbs there are no other habitations of note in the parish, except some farms. The remainder of the parish is low lying farm land divided into fields. [5]

Most of the civil parish lies at between 33 and 66 feet (10 and 20 m) above sea level, with the highest points in the parish under 98 feet (30 m). The B1242 road runs north to south parallel with the coast through the parish and the A1035 runs westward connecting with the A165 near Leven. Additionally a foot and cycle path, the Hornsea Rail Trail, part of the Trans Pennine Trail runs south-west from the town centre towards Hull. [5]

Hornsea Mere is a lake of around 1.2 by 0.6 miles (2 by 1 km) with an outflow towards the sea by the Stream Dike Drain. This drain also separates Hornsea from the Hornsea Bridge suburb. [5]

According to the 2011 UK census, Hornsea parish had a population of 8,432. [1] Hornsea is in the Parliamentary constituency of Beverley and Holderness.

Geology and erosion

Eroded cliff at South Cliff, Hornsea South Cliff Hornsea.jpg
Eroded cliff at South Cliff, Hornsea
Hornsea groyne Hornsea groyne - geograph.org.uk - 1483884.jpg
Hornsea groyne
Groynes on Hornsea Sands Groynes on Hornsea Sands - geograph.org.uk - 1059682.jpg
Groynes on Hornsea Sands

The underlying geology is primarily boulder clay. [6] High points in the area are formed of gravel. [7] (See moraine .) The topsoils are fine and loamy, whilst the rock beneath the boulder clay is classed as Flamborough Chalk from the Upper Cretaceous period. [8] Historically large stones in the boulder clay were removed for use in road construction – this activity had been prohibited at Hornsea by the board of trade by 1885. [9] Sands and clays were also used locally in building (c. 1885), though better quality materials were found elsewhere. [10]

Some early writers (William Camden 1551–1623) thought that ground conditions in the area were evidence of an earthquake, whilst Poulson 1840 supposed the Mere and fossil finds to be evidence of a great flood or deluge in the area. [11] Since at least the late 19th century the geological conditions overlying the underlying chalk have been interpreted as being from a glacial process in origin – both the boulder clay and the gravel beds and moraines. [12]

Borings suggest the chalk probably lies at around 60 to 70 feet (18 to 21 m) under the sand, gravel and clay beds at Hornsea, though possibly deeper. [13] Water in Hornsea has been obtained from wells and bore holes, though some borings have yielded water contaminated with iron, whilst others failed to reach an aquifer even at a depth of 976 feet (297 m). [14]

The Mere is the last of many lakes in the Holderness area – the remainder had been drained by the late 19th century. [15] At the sea remains of a submarine forest were found in a bed of peat found around halfway between cliff and lower water. [16] The trees found were oak, alder and willow. [17] A variety of fossils have been found in the deposits, including those of the extinct Eurasian cave lion ( Felis spelaea ), Woolly Mammoth ( Elephas primigenius ), Aurochs ( Bos primigenius ) as well as Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and Horse species ( Equus ). [18] Molluscs found in the subterranean gravel appear to have been freshwater species. [13] It is thought the source of the submarine forests recorded on the coast at Hornsea may have been a second mere on the eastern side of the present lake which was silted and was lost to the sea at some point. [8]

The coast at Hornsea is subject to erosion. The rate of erosion varies, but has been inferred at around 4 yards (3.7 m) per year in the latter part of the 16th century; estimated by George Poulson at 2 yards (1.8 m) per year in the late 18th century, though recorded at up to 6 yards (5.5 m) in some years in the same period. [19] The rate of erosion may have been influenced by the presence or absence of erosion limiting groynes or a pier. South, at Hornsea Burton, erosion rates rose from 1.3 to 5 yards (1.2 to 4.6 m) pa between the periods 1845–76 and 1876–82, thought to be due to the construction of groynes north of the beach at Hornsea. [20] The current (2008) rate of erosion is 1 foot 8 inches (0.5 m) north of and 6 feet 7 inches (2 m) south of Hornsea – the difference due to the defences at Hornsea preventing the renewing flow of sediment southwards. [8]

An apocryphal inscription said to have been found in Hornsea references the nearing of the sea by erosion – the figure of ten miles given as the distance the town once stood from the sea is certainly artistic licence. [21]

Hornsea steeple, when I built thee,

Thou was 10 miles off Burlington,

10 miles off Beverley, and 10 miles off sea.

— anon, [21]

Hornsea town

Hornsea Museum and houses on Newbegin (2007) Hornsea Museum - geograph.org.uk - 325670.jpg
Hornsea Museum and houses on Newbegin (2007)

The old town of Hornsea is centred on the Market Place, and includes Southgate, Westgate and Mere Side; the resort and promenade is connected to the old town by Newbegin and New Road, and includes much of the Victorian development of the town. [22] Buildings in the town are predominately red brick, with pantile or slate roofs; some structures use local cobbles as a building material. [23] Modern Hornsea also incorporates several caravan sites, mainly on the northern and southern edge. [24] There are two notable parks in Hornsea, Hall Garth Park which includes a historic moated site, and the Memorial Gardens. [25]

The area of 'old' Hornsea centred on the Market Place, and including Hall Garth Park and the large houses around Hornsea Town railway station and Grosvenor Road are now (2007) part of a Conservation Area – the area excludes the 19th/20th century resort, and promenade. [26]

Like other small North Sea coastal resorts Hornsea has a promenade, laid out gardens, hotels, fish and chip shops, gift shops and so on. On the southern edge of Hornsea, near the site of Hornsea Pottery is a shopping centre known as Hornsea Freeport – the Freeport adapted some of the original theme park set up by Hornsea Pottery.

There are three schools in Hornsea: Hornsea Community Primary School, Hornsea Burton Primary School and Hornsea School and Language College.

Hornsea has an independent lifeboat service provided by Hornsea Inshore Rescue, a registered charity since 1994. [27]

Hornsea has a high frequency of all-day public transport bus service to and from Hull, [28] Beverley, Hessle and a daily service to Bridlington, [29] and to Withernsea. [30]

History

Prehistory to medieval

There is evidence of prehistoric human activity in the area. Near Norththorpe, north of Hornsea crop marks indicate a site interpreted as a Neolithic henge monument, thought to have been later reused as a Bronze Age ringwork. The site is similar to one excavated at Paddock Hill, near Thwing. The site consists of cropmarks indicating circular 20 to 26 feet (6 to 8 m) ditch surrounding a 160 feet (50 m) diameter circular area, with a probably entrance point at the east-south-east. There are cropmark indications that an outer ditch existed and that a roundhouse or henge was located inside the monument. [31] Prehistoric finds in Hornsea include a polished Neolithic stone axehead, [32] Neolithic or Bronze Age flints, [33] and Bronze Age flint arrowhead. [34]

There are also cropmarks in the Hornsea area indicating human activity during the Iron Age/Roman Britain period, thought to the remnants of field systems. [35] [36]

An Anglo-Saxon burial ground was discovered in 1913 near the Hydro on Cliff Road – the site was re-excavated in 1982. Thirteen skeletons were initially found, and a further six at the later excavations – a wide variety of grave goods were found including vases, and objects of bronze, ivory, bone, silver, jet and beads. [37] [38]

Hornsea is mentioned as a Manor, as Hornesse, in the Domesday Book of 1086. [39] After the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, overlordship passed from Morcar to Drogo de la Beuvrière. [39] [40] Drogo fled to Flanders c. 1086 after killing his wife, a relative of William the Conqueror, and Holderness subsequently passed to Odo, Count of Aumale. In around 1088 Odo gave the manor, church and lands at Hornsea to the Benedictine St Mary's Abbey, York. [41] Rights of fishing in the Mere also passed to the Abbey. [42]

Church of St Nicholas. (2007) St. Nicholas, Hornsea.jpg
Church of St Nicholas. (2007)

The church of Saint Nicholas dates to the 13th century, with alterations in the 14th and 15th centuries. The church is of cobbles plus stone dressings, much of it in the perpendicular style. The font, some memorials and an effigy also date to the 13th century, [43] [44] a restored former medieval market cross is found in the churchyard. [45] [46] The church tower was formerly surmounted by a spire, reported as ruinous in the early 1710s and said to have fallen down in 1733. [47] The church was extensively restored in the 1860s by George Gilbert Scott, including rebuilding of the upper tower; further work was done at the beginning of the 20th century by Brodrick, Lowther & Walker. [44] The medieval rectory of the church was located to the north, at a moated site – some earthwork remains are still extant, and were incorporated into the public Hall Garth Park in the 19th century. [48] Other remnants of the medieval town include a c. 14th century wayside cross on Southgate, probably formed of remnants of other medieval crosses. [49] [50]

During the medieval period Hornsea was a market town, and also functioned as a fishing town and port. In 1377 the Poll Tax recorded 271 tax payers in Hornsea, and a further 264 at Hornsea Beck, and 96 at Hornsea Burton; in 1490 the parish of Hornsea recorded that there were 340 persons in Hornsea, and 240 at Hornsea Beck and 50 at Hornsea Burton. [6]

There is limited evidence on the extent to which Hornsea functioned as a port. However, there are several medieval references to it. [51] In 1228 documents refer to tolls on merchandise from ships both north and south of the beck. [52] Holinshed noted Horneseie Beck as amongst the places on the coast used for trade; [53] [54] and sometime before the reign of Elizabeth I (16th century) the large sum of £3,000 had been spent on a pier at Hornsea – it was destroyed by the sea sometime around the latter half of the 16th century. [55]

Coastal erosion had ended Hornsea's importance as a port by the 16th century, though its market continued to be important locally. [56]

After the Dissolution of the Monasteries (1540) right of ownership of Hornsea were returned to the Crown from St Mary's Abbey. Subsequently, the property was split into three parts – the manor, church and mere. [57]

There were windmills in Hornsea during the medieval period – two belonging to the Abbey of St Mary's are recorded in the 16th century. [58] There was another in Hornsea Burton, recorded as early as 1584, and is documented again in 1663, with the site still recorded in the late 19th century – the mill was located at the end of the Mill Lane (now Burton Lane). [59] [58]

17th to 19th centuries

83 houses were recorded for tax purposes in 1676; and a record of 133 families in the parish was made in 1743. By 1801 the population was 533, rising steadily to 704 by 1811, then to 780 in 1831, and to 1,005 in 1841. [6]

There were several Quakers in Hornsea in the mid 17th century – an early meeting room was in a cottage in Westgate. In 1676 three cottages in Southgate were recorded as being given up for the use as a cemetery by the Acklams, a Quaker family. [60]

In 1732 the town was struck by a 'hurricane' which in addition to destroying the church's spire, unroofed around 40 buildings, as well as causing part of the vicarage to collapse, and overturned one windmill. [61] [58] Another windmill is recorded on Atwick Road in 1732, and in 1820–21 a new windmill was built – by 1909 it was steam operated. [58]

Historically, the common building material in the area has been brick or cobbles – extant buildings in brick date to as early as the late 17th century, [62] alternatively large cobbles have also been used in the area for building construction – several structures of this type survive in the town, dating to the late 17th, 18th or 19th century, including some listed buildings, utilising cobbles or cobbles with brick. [63] The Old Hall in Hornsea Market Place dates to the early 17th century, and is built of brick on cobble foundations. [64]

Whilst enclosure at Hornsea Burton had begun around 1660, the fields around Hornsea were enclosed in 1809. [6]

Marine Hotel and Hornsea Beach in 1845 Marine hotel hornsea 1845.jpg
Marine Hotel and Hornsea Beach in 1845

By the mid 19th century Hornsea comprised three main streets at the eastern end of the Mere – Westgate, Southgate and Market Place; two streets, Newbegin and Eastgate led eastward towards the sea from Market Place, merging around 200 yards (180 m) from the cliff – the land east of Hornsea town towards the sea was in agricultural use. [65] [66]

A Quaker meeting house, located to the rear of Westgate, now known as 'Quaker Cottage' was used in the 18th century for meetings. [67] [68] Non-conformist churches were built in the early 19th century [69] – an Independent chapel was built on Southgate near to the Market Place c. 1808, with a burial ground to the rear; [70] and a Wesleyan chapel built on the corner of Back Southgate/Mere Side/Chamber's Lane c. 1814, [69] (replaced in 1870 by one in Newbegin and later used as a school [71] [72] ); a Primitive Methodist chapel was built on Westgate in 1835, replaced and then demolished after a replacement was built in the Market Place in 1864, with a minister's house built on the site. [73]

A tower folly, Bettison's Folly was built c. 1844, by local brewmaster William Bettison, a tower built by a local business man in the 19th century. The tower contains the only fully working retractable flag pole in the country. [74] [75]

Hornsea was promoted as a seaside resort from around 1800, with early attractions including bathing machines, horse races on the beach and a chalybeate spring near the mere. More facilities were built in the 1830s including the first Marine Hotel. [76]

Former Hornsea Town railway station, built 1864 (2007) 215 Miles from Southport - geograph.org.uk - 515415.jpg
Former Hornsea Town railway station, built 1864 (2007)

A railway line was sanctioned in 1846 from Arram to Hornsea in 1846, but was unbuilt following the fall of George Hudson and the financial problems of the York and North Midland Railway. [77] In 1861 a company was formed to promote railways in the East Riding of Yorkshire, and obtained an act for a 13 miles (21 km) line from Wilmington, Kingston upon Hull to Hornsea in 1862. Joseph Armitage Wade, a Hull timber merchant and Hornsea resident was a key promoter of the line. Work began October 1862, with the line completed early 1864 the Hull and Hornsea Railway. [78] [79] Hornsea Railway Station was designed by Rawlins & Gould, built in brick with sandstone, with five central bays surrounded by two five bay extensions on either side – the station is still extant and was listed 1979. [80] Hornsea Bridge railway station was built short of the Hornsea Town terminus, and functioned as a goods station as well as a passenger station. [81] The new railway not only benefited the resort, but also enabled Hornsea to function as a dormitory suburb to Hull. [76]

There was significant growth in the small scale fishing that took place at Hornsea before the railway – persons recorded as Fishermen rose from 3 in 1851 to a dozen or more in the 1870s to 1890s, with 12 boats and 20 men recorded in 1894 – crab was the major catch, rather than wet fish – crabbing continued to the 1930s but declined after the Second World War. [82]

Brampton House, built 1872-73 (2007) Brampton House Railway Street Hornsea.jpg
Brampton House, built 1872–73 (2007)

At the same time as the promotion and development of the railway the town was also improved: New Road was laid out in 1848 to improve access to the sea – in the 1860s/'70s Joseph Wade establishing a brick and tile works, and developed Grosvenor Terrace – No.31 of which was layered with his patent 'Acorn' tiles. The coming of the railway was followed by further development, including Alexandra Hotel (1867); Wilton Terrace (1868); the high status dwellings Brampton House (1872–73); and the Grosvenor Estate, built during the period from 1865 to the early 20th century. [83]

Civic improvements following or coincidental the opening of the railway included a gas works (1864, J.A. Wade); a gasworks for the Lansdowne estate, Cliff Road (1870, W.M. Jackson, closed 1899); improved drainage (1874–75, local board); [84] and a Waterworks on Atwick Road (c. 1878, local board). [84] [38]

Wade's brickworks was established c. 1865 south of Hornsea Bridge railway station – by 1890 an hydraulic engineering works had been established adjacent west, both close to the site of the modern Freeport. There was also a short lived brickworks north of the mere, and sand and gravel extraction also took place in the parish, as well as lime kiln activity. [85] [86] (see also § Geology.)

The sea front was also developed, the 1837 Marine Hotel was rebuilt in 1874, and again in 1900; gardens were added to the north in 1898; and the Imperial Hydro Hotel built 1914 on the Esplanade (demolished c. 1990). [87] Between 1878 and 1880 a 1,072 feet (327 m) pier was constructed – it was damaged within a year after a ship collided with it during a storm, shortening it by 300 feet (91 m). In 1897 the pier was sold for demolition. The entrance building remained as an amusement arcade until the 1920s. [88] [89] [90]

Other notable mid 19th century additions to the town include the two storey three bay vicarage on Newbegin; the stuccoed Pike and Heron public house (c. 1830); [91] a Primitive Methodist chapel in the Market Place built 1864; [92] a Gothic Revival style non-conformist Congregational church on Hornsea Cliff Road/New Road, built 1868; [93] [94] and the Wesleyan church and adjacent church hall on Newbegin, built 1870, replacing the one in Back Southgate. [72] [95]

By 1864 the population had risen on 1,685, then to 1,836 in 1881 and to 2,013 by 1891, reaching 2,381 by 1901. [6]

20th century

The seafront after the 1906 storm, and in 1910 after construction of the seawall Hornsea seafront 1906 after storm and 1910 after construction of sea wall.jpg
The seafront after the 1906 storm, and in 1910 after construction of the seawall

By the early 1900s the old town centred on the Market Place had grown little, but new developments had been built near Hornsea Town railway station, specifically the new streets of Eastbourne, Burton, and Alexandra Road; additionally a new estate had been built at the sea front, north of the old road to the sea along Cliff Road – this included the (new) Marine Hotel, as well the promenade and gardens parallel to the new Flamborough Terrace Road and the new (1907) sea defences. [96] The promenade and gardens (Victoria Gardens) were begun in the 1890s. The 'Floral Hall' was added to the seafront gardens in 1913 – both the gardens and hall were extended in 1928. [76]

New sea defences were constructed c. 1907 following a destructive storm on the east coast in March 1906. The timber defences were destroyed or damaged by the storm with most of the beach swept away, and a large amount of cliff eroded exposing the underlying clay. The new defences at Hornsea were constructed north of New Road protecting the seafront at Marine Terrace and Victoria Gardens. The works consisted of four groynes plus a concrete sea wall reinforced by steel pile supports. The work was carried out by A. Fasey and Son (Leytonstone) under W.T. Douglas of Westminster. [97] The sea wall was lengthened by 450 and 1,240 feet (140 and 380 m) to the north and south respectively in 1923, and extended south beyond the stream dike outlet of the mere in 1930. [76]

Pickering Almshouses, built 1908 (2008) Almshouses on Newbegin Hornsea.jpg
Pickering Almshouses, built 1908 (2008)

Early 20th century additions to the town included a Church Institute built 1906–07; and the Pickering Almshouses (see Christopher Pickering) built 1908; both on Newbegin. [67] A convalescent home, Gregson Court was built on Cliff Road in 1908–09. [98] The early 20th century house, 'Farrago', on Wilton Road, built with a bolted steel frame with brick and stone dressing by builder David Reynard Robinson is now listed. [99] [100] Hornsea Golf Course was established a mile south of the town in 1910 to a design by Sandy Herd. (The course is outside the modern parish in Mappleton.) [101]

During the First World War a seaplane base was constructed on Hornsea Mere, named RNAS Hornsea Mere, the base was used to operate submarine patrols in the North Sea. The base was abandoned after the end of the war. [102]

By the 1920s the town had grown further, generally infill and fringe development, as well as housing further along Newbegin and Eastgate blurring the separation between the old town and the seaside resort. A park had also been built between the Eastgate and Newbegin filling the area formerly known as Hall Garths. Some housing had also been built in the area around Hornsea Bridge station. [103]

Civic improvements in the interbellum included transfer of the fire brigade (est.1902) to a former lifeboat house (1924); reconstruction of the sewers and supply of water from Hull via a water tower at Mappleton (1927); and an electricity supply, via the South East Yorkshire Light & Power Co. Ltd., with power supplied by Hull Corporation (1930). [84] In 1927, the Urban District Council converted Elim Lodge into Hornsea Town Hall. [104]

In 1938 Wakefield Metropolitan District Council opened a school in Hornsea on the open air principle, the site was used by the Free French during the Second World War, and later returned to educational use. [105]

During the Second World War Hornsea was fortified with numerous anti-invasion structures, designed to prevent a beachhead being established at Hornsea by invading forces – beach defences consisted of pillboxes flanking the promenade, whilst the beach was protected by anti-tank cubes and mines; at South Cliff 4.7-inch guns were installed. Beyond the beach any potential invasion was protected against by road and rail blocks, further pillboxes, and minefields, limiting routes through the town to three roads and the railway line – the road access was narrowed by the use of concrete blocks and protected by pillboxes – the fortification was intended to hold up or delay any invasion force landing at Hornsea. [106]

Many of the predominantly reinforced concrete structures are no longer extant, the recorded defences include: coastal beach defence batteries, with 4.7-inch gun batteries, [107] other gun emplacements, [108] numerous pillboxes, [109] road blocks and road and railway antitank obstacles, including extensive anti-tank cubes on the beach, [110] Royal Observer Corps posts, [111] weapons pits and/or infantry trenches, [112] barbed wire protected trackways [113] and Army camps and associated facilities, [114] including a camp "Rolston camp", located east of the Hornsea Bridge suburb on ground now destroyed by coastal erosion, with associated infantry trenches, grenade ranges, strongpoints and minefields, [115] some farm buildings were also fortified. [116] Other Second World War structures also included air raid shelters, [117] and 'Diver' anti-aircraft battery designed to destroy V1 flying bombs. [118] By the middle of the 20th century Hornsea had continued to grow, with new housing built or under construction south of Hornsea Town station, and at the coastal resort. New schools had also been established. [119]

Hornsea's population rose consistently through the 20th century, with growth averaging several hundred persons per decade – by 1951 the population had risen by nearly 3,000 from 1900 levels to 5,324. [6]

Catholic Sacred Heart church, built 1956 (2007) Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart Hornsea.jpg
Catholic Sacred Heart church, built 1956 (2007)

Hornsea Pottery was founded 1949. In 1953 the business was moved to the former Wade brickworks (Marlborough Avenue), and the Hornsea Pottery Co. Ltd. established 1955. The company became a major local employer with 200 persons working by the 1960s. [85]

The Church of the Sacred Heart (Catholic) was built in 1956 on Southgate. [95]

The Hull to Hornsea railway line was closed in 1964/5. [120] Hornsea Bridge Station was later demolished. [81] The railway line's closure led to some contraction of the tourist industry, and decline in the town. [121]

Civic improvements in the second half of the 20th century included a new fire station on Southgate (1965); the closure of the gas works, and transfer to North Sea gas (late 1960s); and a new outfall sewer and pumping station (1970s). [84] Small industrial estates were built off Cliff Road in the late 1960s, and near Rolston Road on former railway land in the 1980s. [85] (Hornsea Bridge Industrial estate, Old Bridge Road)

Much of the post war expansion was around south of Hornsea Bridge station, and west of Cliff Road to the north. By 1970 Hornsea's urban expansion had reached near the level maintained until the end of the 20th century. [122] Housing was expanded to the west of the town off the B1244/Westgate on Cheyne Walk and later Cheyne Garth after the 1970s. [123] [6] The estate south of the town was expanded with the addition of Tansley Lane c. 2000. [6]

Hornsea Fire Station Hornsea Fire Station.jpg
Hornsea Fire Station

A museum, The North Holderness Museum of Village Life (Hornsea Museum) was established in 1978, on Newbegin. [124] Hornsea Pottery entered receivership in 1984 and after several changes of owner production ended in 2000. A visitor attraction was built at the site – in 1994 'Hornsea Freeport', a shopping attraction, was opened at the site. [85] The town gained a swimming pool at 'Hornsea Leisure Centre' in 1996. [84]

21st century

Hornsea Town Hall Hornsea Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 5545201.jpg
Hornsea Town Hall

In 2009 Tesco submitted and had accepted an application to build a large store near Southgate. [125] The store opened January 2012. [126]

By 2011, Hornsea's population was 8,432, [1] increasing from 8,243 in 2001, [127] and from 7,934 persons in 1991. [6]

In 2012, a former Methodist chapel was converted for use as the latest incarnation of Hornsea Town Hall. [128]

Lost villages

Hornsea Beck

53°54′57″N0°09′25″W / 53.915889°N 0.156950°W / 53.915889; -0.156950

Hornsea Beck was a small village or hamlet close to the sea – it is recorded in existence as early as 1367, and had been completely destroyed by the coastal erosion by c. 1747. [129] Losses to the sea of 38 houses are recorded from 1546 to 1609. [130]

Hornsea Burton

See also § History

Hornsea Burton was located to the south-east of Hornsea Town. The present 'Hornsea Burton Road' leads east to the coast where it stops, but it once continued some half a mile further to Hornsea Burton village, now long since inundated by the sea. By 1840 the remaining western part of the village was depopulated. [131]

Northorpe

53°55′29″N0°10′47″W / 53.924763°N 0.179633°W / 53.924763; -0.179633

Northorpe was located north of Hornsea. The site was completely depopulated sometime between the late 1600s and 1809. [132]

Southorpe

53°54′00″N0°11′07″W / 53.899910°N 0.185272°W / 53.899910; -0.185272

The village was once a settlement at Southorpe, on the south side of the mere – the village was recorded by the Domesday survey, and existed until the 17th century. By the beginning of the 19th century the village had been abandoned. [133]

Sport

Hornsea Cricket Club plays at the Hollis Recreation Ground. [134] Notable former players include Johnny Briggs (England), [135] and Tom Kohler-Cadmore (Worcestershire and Yorkshire). [136] [137]

Hornsea is home to Hornsea Rugby Union Football Club. They play at the Hollis Recreation Ground and are nicknamed the 'Hollismen'. They currently play in Yorkshire 4's South East division. [138] [139]

Hornsea Town F.C. is an amateur football team who also play at the Hollis Recreation Ground. Their nicknames include 'Town' or 'The Seasiders'. The club plays in the premier division of the Humber Premier League after gaining promotion by winning division one in the 2016–17 season. Hornsea Town has eight teams; [140] including a first team (HPL Premier Div), reserves (East Riding County League), veterans (Hull & District Veterans Football League) and a Sunday team (Hull Men's Sunday Football League).

Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter. [141]

Hornsea's local radio stations are BBC Radio Humberside, Hits Radio East Yorkshire & North Lincolnshire, Capital Yorkshire, Greatest Hits Radio East Yorkshire, Nation Radio East Yorkshire, and community based station Seaside FM. [142]

The Holderness and Hornsea Gazette and Hornsea Community News are the town's local newspapers. [143] [144]

Notable people

Arms

Coat of arms of Hornsea
Hornsea Achievement.png
Notes
Granted 24 June 1955, to the Hornsea Urban District Council. [151]
Crest
Issuant from a Mural Crown Or a Sun in splendour Gules surmounted of a Rose Argent barbed and seeded proper; Mantled Gules doubled Or.
Escutcheon
Or three Bars wavy Azure issuant from the base a Sun in splendour Gules a Chief wavy Sable thereon a Fountain between two Roses Argent barbed and seeded proper.
Motto
HEALTH AND HAPPINESS

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The modern (2006) 1:25000 Ordnance Survey maps shows a place named 'Hornsea Burton' here that should not be confused with the lost village of Hornsea Burton. The modern settlement is here referred to as the "Hornsea Bridge suburb" to avoid confusion.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humber</span> Large tidal estuary in north-east England

The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers Ouse and Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between the East Riding of Yorkshire on the north bank and North Lincolnshire on the south bank. Also known as the River Humber, it is tidal its entire length.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barton-upon-Humber</span> Town in North Lincolnshire, England

Barton-upon-Humber or Barton is a town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 11,066. It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at the southern end of the Humber Bridge. It is 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Kingston upon Hull and 31 miles (50 km) north north-east of the county town of Lincoln. Other nearby towns include Scunthorpe to the south-west and Grimsby to the south-east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portland Harbour</span> Port in Dorset, England

Portland Harbour is beside the Isle of Portland, Dorset, on the south coast of England. Construction of the harbour began in 1849; when completed in 1872, its 520-hectare (1,300-acre) surface area made it the largest human-made harbour in the world, and it remains one of the largest in the world today. It is naturally sheltered by Portland to the south, Chesil Beach to the west and mainland Dorset to the north. It consists of four breakwaters: two southern and two northern. These have a total length of 4.57 km (2.84 mi) and enclose approximately 1,000 ha of water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hornsea Mere</span> Freshwater lake in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Hornsea Mere is the largest freshwater lake in Yorkshire, England, and lies to the west of Hornsea in the East Riding of Yorkshire. The mere was used as a base for the Royal Naval Air Service and then latterly, the Royal Air Force during the First World War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire</span> Village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Cottingham is a large village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies 4 miles (6 km) north-west of the centre of Kingston upon Hull, and 6 miles (10 km) south-east of Beverley on the eastern edge of the Yorkshire Wolds. It has two main shopping streets, Hallgate and King Street, which cross each other near the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin, and a market square called Market Green. Cottingham had a population of 17,164 residents in 2011, making it larger by area and population than many towns. As a result, it is one of the villages claiming to be the largest village in England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rudston</span> Village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Rudston is a small village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Driffield and Bridlington approximately 6 miles west of Bridlington, and lies on the B1253 road. The Gypsey Race runs through the village, which lies in the Great Wold Valley. There are a number of Neolithic sites associated with the stream and its valley. It is the current Seat of the Clan Macdonald of Sleat, the head of the family residing at Thorpe Hall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paull</span> Village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Paull is a village and civil parish in Holderness, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, lying on the north bank of the Humber Estuary, east of the watercourse known as Hedon Haven.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aldbrough, East Riding of Yorkshire</span> Village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Aldbrough is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) north-east of Hull at the junction of the B1242 and B1238 roads. It lies near to the North Sea coast within the area of Holderness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swanland</span> Village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Swanland is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire in England. The village is about seven miles (11 km) to the west of Kingston upon Hull city centre and two miles (3.2 km) north of the Humber Estuary in the foothills of the Yorkshire Wolds on the B1231 road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thwing, East Riding of Yorkshire</span> Village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Thwing is a village and civil parish in the Yorkshire Wolds, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kirk Ella</span> Village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Kirk Ella is a village and civil parish on the western outskirts of Kingston upon Hull, approximately five miles west of the city centre, situated in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The parish includes West Ella.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Ella</span> Village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

West Ella is a small village in the civil parish of Kirk Ella, west of Kirk Ella settlement, within the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, on the eastern edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, approximately 6 miles (10 km) west of the city of Kingston upon Hull.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tunstall, East Riding of Yorkshire</span> Village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Tunstall is a village in the civil parish of Roos, in Holderness, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, close to the North Sea coast. It is situated approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north-west of the town of Withernsea, and less than 0.6 miles (1 km) from the North Sea coast, at a height of 10 to 15 m above sea level, and close to the Prime Meridian at its northernmost point on land anywhere in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Newland, Kingston upon Hull</span> Area of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Newland is a suburb of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in the north-west of the city, a former village on the Hull to Beverley turnpike.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High Toynton</span> Village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England

High Toynton is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east from the town of Horncastle, and in the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yorkshire Coast</span> Coastline of Yorkshire, England

The Yorkshire Coast runs from the Tees estuary to the Humber estuary, on the east coast of England. The cliffs at Boulby are the highest on the east coast of England, rising to 660 feet (200 m) above the sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RNAS Hornsea Mere</span> A former Royal Naval Air Service base in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England

RNAS Hornsea Mere,, was a Royal Naval Air Service seaplane base located on Hornsea Mere, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The mere was used for seaplanes because it was close to the sea and because its still water made it easier to launch the planes. Initially used as a relief site, the base became a full station in 1918, and was vacated in 1919. Many of the original buildings and earthworks survive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hornsea Town Hall</span> Municipal building in Hornsea, East Riding of Yorkshire, England

Hornsea Town Hall is a municipal building in Newbegin in Hornsea, a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire in England. The building began life as a Wesleyan school, then became a church hall and finally became a town hall.

References

  1. 1 2 3 UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Hornsea Parish (1170211202)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 Young, Angus (1 August 2019). "'Only option left for some living on crumbling coast is to move'". HullLive. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  3. ↑ "Key to English Place Names - Hornsea". University of Nottingham. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  4. ↑ Pickles, Thomas. "Kingship, Society, and the Church in Anglo-Saxon Yorkshire". Oxford Academic. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 Ordnance Survey. 1:25000 2007
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Allison et al. 2002.
  7. ↑ Stephenson 1847, p. 118.
  8. 1 2 3 RCZAS 2008, p. 75.
  9. ↑ Reid 1885, pp. 122–123.
  10. ↑ Reid 1885, pp. 121–2, 123–4.
  11. ↑ Poulson 1840, p. 338.
  12. ↑ Reid 1885, pp. 6–7.
  13. 1 2 Reid 1885, pp. 80–1.
  14. ↑ Reid 1885, p. 120.
  15. ↑ Reid 1885, pp. 7, 78.
  16. ↑ Poulson 1840, p. 337.
  17. ↑ Reid 1885, p. 81.
  18. ↑ Reid 1885, pp. 82–83, 92.
  19. ↑ Stephenson 1847, pp. 108–116.
  20. ↑ Reid 1885, pp. 95, 100.
  21. 1 2 Morris, Joseph E. (1906). The East Riding of Yorkshire. Methuen. pp.  194–5.
  22. ↑ Pevsner & Neave 1995.
  23. ↑ ERYC CAA 2006, p. 2.
  24. ↑ ERYC CAA 2006, p. 3.
  25. ↑ ERYC CAA 2006, p. 4.
  26. ↑ ERYC CAA 2006, p. 15.
  27. ↑ "History". Hornsea Rescue. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  28. ↑ "Hornsea to Hull Buses" (PDF) (timetable). EYMS. 24 May 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  29. ↑ "130 & X30" (PDF) (timetable). EYMS. 5 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  30. ↑ "Service 129" (timetable). EYMS. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  31. ↑ Historic England. "East Field crop mark site centred 300m SSE of Northorpe, interpreted as a Neolithic henge later reused as a Bronze Age ringwork (1423379)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  32. ↑ Historic England. "Neolithic Stone Axehead (1544269)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  33. ↑ Historic England. "Prehistoric flints, The Willows, Newbegin (1544236)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  34. ↑ Historic England. "Bronze Age Flint Arrowhead (1544270)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  35. ↑ Historic England. "Monument No. 1572456". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  36. ↑ Historic England. "Monument No. 1581791". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  37. ↑ Historic England. "Anglian cemetery found near the Hydro in 1913 (81781)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  38. 1 2 Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 483.
  39. 1 2 Hornsea in the Domesday Book
  40. ↑ English 1979, pp. 7–8.
  41. ↑ English 1979, p. 12.
  42. ↑ English 1979, p. 122.
  43. ↑ Historic England. "Church of Saint Nicholas (1249386)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  44. 1 2 Pevsner & Neave 1995, pp. 477–8.
  45. ↑ Historic England. "Cross in Churchyard of St Nicholas (1263786)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  46. ↑ Historic England. "Monument No. 81785". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  47. ↑ Poulson 1840, p. 329.
  48. ↑ Historic England. "Moated site in Hall Garth Park (1007845)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  49. ↑ Historic England. "Wayside cross (1249393)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  50. ↑ Historic England. "Monument No. 81788". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  51. ↑ Stephenson 1847, pp. 18–22.
  52. ↑ Stephenson 1847, p. 21.
  53. ↑ Stephenson 1847, pp. 28–29.
  54. ↑ "17 Of Such Ports and Creeks As Our Seafaring-Men Doo Note For Their Benefit upon the Coasts of England". An historicall description of the Land of Britaine. Holinshed's Chronicles. Vol. 1. 1807. In Yorkeshire, Dapnam sands, Steningreene, Staies, Runswike, Robinhoods baie, Whitbie, Scarborow, Fileie, Flamborow, Bricklington, Horneseie becke, Sister kirke, Kelseie, Cliffe, Pattenton, Holmes, Kenningham, Pall, Hidon, Hulbrige, Beuerlie, Hull, Hasell, Northferebie, Bucke créeke, Blacke cost, Wrethell, Howden
  55. ↑ Stephenson 1847, pp. 18–19, 23.
  56. ↑ Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 477.
  57. ↑ Stephenson 1847, pp. 40, 45.
  58. 1 2 3 4 Allison et al. 2002, MILLS.
  59. ↑ Historic England. "Site of Windmill, Burton Hornsea (1544470)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  60. ↑ Stephenson 1847, pp. 54–56.
  61. ↑ Poulson 1840, p. 336.
  62. ↑ Sources:
  63. ↑ Sources:
  64. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Hall (1249385)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  65. ↑ Stephenson 1847, p. 4.
  66. ↑ Ordnance Survey, 1:10560 Sheet 197 1852
  67. 1 2 Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 480.
  68. ↑ Historic England. "Approximate site of a Friends meeting house in Back Westgate (1504915)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  69. 1 2 Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 479.
  70. ↑ Historic England. "Independent Chapel (1544328)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  71. ↑ Historic England. "Wesleyan Chapel (1544267)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  72. 1 2 Historic England. "Trinity Methodist Church (1544209)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  73. ↑ Historic England. "Former Primitive Methodist, Westgate (1544239)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  74. ↑ "Humber – History – Forgotten folly". BBC. 11 May 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  75. ↑ Historic England. "Folly (1249626)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  76. 1 2 3 4 Allison et al. 2002, THE RESORT.
  77. ↑ Tomlinson 1915, pp.472, 499.
  78. ↑ Tomlinson 1915, pp.607, 612.
  79. ↑ Gillett & MacMahon 1980, pp. 278–9.
  80. ↑ Historic England. "Railway Station (1249389)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  81. 1 2 Source:
  82. ↑ Allison et al. 2002, FISHING AND SHIPPING.
  83. ↑ Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 481.
  84. 1 2 3 4 5 Allison et al. 2002, PUBLIC SERVICES.
  85. 1 2 3 4 Allison et al. 2002, OTHER INDUSTRY AND TRADE.
  86. ↑ Ordnance Survey 1:10560 1892, 1:25000 2006
  87. ↑ Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 482.
  88. ↑ Historic England. "Hornsea Pier (1544106)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  89. ↑ Historic England. "Hornsea Pier (1463424)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  90. ↑ "History of Hornsea Pier". National Piers Society. Archived from the original on 11 April 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  91. ↑ Sources:
  92. ↑ Historic England. "Primitive Methodist Chapel (1544230)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  93. ↑ Historic England. "United Reformed Church (1249383)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  94. ↑ Pevsner & Neave 1995, pp. 478–9.
  95. 1 2 Pevsner & Neave 1995, p. 478.
  96. ↑ Ordnance Survey, 1:10560 Sheet 197NE 1908–9
  97. ↑ "Sea Defence Works at Hornsea" (PDF). The Engineer. 104: 134–136. 9 August 1897.
  98. ↑ Pevsner & Neave 1995, pp. 482–3.
  99. ↑ Historic England. "Farrago and Washhouse to right (1249394)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  100. ↑ Pevsner & Neave 1995, pp. 481–2.
  101. ↑ Historic England. "Hornsea Golf Cpurse (832747)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  102. ↑ Historic England. "RNAS Hornsea Mere (913357)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  103. ↑ Ordnance Survey, 1:10560 Sheet 197NE 1908–9, 1925–6
  104. ↑ Allison, K. J. (2002). A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 7, Holderness Wapentake, Middle and North Divisions. London: Victoria County History. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  105. ↑ Historic England. "Hornsea Outdoor Residential Centre (1457007)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  106. ↑ Historic England. "Complex of anti invasion defences built circa 1940 encircling Hornsea (913293)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  107. ↑ Sources:
  108. ↑ Historic England. "Monument No. 1444792". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  109. ↑ Sources:
  110. ↑ Sources:
  111. ↑
  112. ↑ Sources:
  113. ↑ Sources:
  114. ↑ Sources:
  115. ↑ Sources:
  116. ↑ Sources:
  117. ↑ Sources:
  118. ↑ Sources:
  119. ↑ Ordnance Survey, 1:10560 Sheet 197NE 1938, 1946
  120. ↑ Gillett & MacMahon 1980, p. 279.
  121. ↑ RCZAS 2008, p. 79.
  122. ↑ Ordnance Survey 1:10560 1956; 1:10000 1971; 1:25000 2007
  123. ↑ Ordnance Survey 1:10000 1971, 1984–93
  124. ↑ Allison et al. 2002, SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
  125. ↑ "Property History – 010070618448 – Tesco Southgate Hornsea East Riding Of Yorkshire HU18 1RE". East Riding of Yorkshire Council. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  126. ↑ "Thousands flock to new Tesco supermarket". Hull Daily Mail. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2016.[ permanent dead link ]
  127. ↑ UK Census (2001). "Local Area Report – Hornsea Parish (00FB073)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 29 March 2019.
  128. ↑ Kemp, Garry. "Conversion of Methodist Chapel into Town Hall – Hornsea, East Yorkshire". Kemp Developments. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  129. ↑ Historic England. "Hornsea Beck Village (site of) (81791)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  130. ↑ Stephenson 1847, pp. 103–108.
  131. ↑ Sheppard 1912, p. 165.
  132. ↑ Historic England. "Deserted medieval settlement of Northorpe (1544013)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  133. ↑ Historic England. "Medieval settlement of Southorpe and field system, north-east of Southorpe Farm (1003469)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  134. ↑ Waters, Chris (20 April 2009). "Anthony McGrath: I won't be ruling with an iron fist". The Yorkshire Post . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  135. 1 2 Ham-Bevan, William (3 October 2016). "Here's Johnny!". The Telegraph. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  136. ↑ Hardcastle, Graham (8 June 2017). "Kohler-Cadmore on his way to Yorkshire". Bradford Telegraph and Argus . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  137. ↑ "Tom Kohler-Cadmore profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos". ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  138. 1 2 Campbell, James. "How East Yorkshire inspired the worlds of The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings". Hull Daily Mail . Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  139. ↑ "Hornsea RUFC - The Hollismen". Pitchero.com. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  140. ↑ Bristow, Simon (31 August 2006). "Footballers fail in pitches plea". The Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  141. ↑ "Belmont (Lincolnshire, England) Full Freeview transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  142. ↑ "Seaside FM - About Us" . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  143. ↑ "Holderness and Hornsea Gazette". British Papers. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  144. ↑ "Hornsea and District Community News" . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  145. ↑ Dutton, Geoffrey. "Eyre, Edward John (1815–1901)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  146. ↑ Hartley, Cathy (15 April 2013). A Historical Dictionary of British Women. Routledge. p. 141. ISBN   9781135355333 . Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  147. ↑ "Harry Potter's dad – actor Adrian Rawlins – drops in to see East Riding students". Hull Daily Mail. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2017.[ permanent dead link ]
  148. ↑ "No. 52819". The London Gazette . 30 January 1992. p. 1567.
  149. ↑ Paterson, Hayley (20 May 2008). "I take my hat off to Askern's pitmen". Doncaster Free Press. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  150. ↑ "In Tolkien's Genuine Footsteps". The Tolkien Society . 11 August 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  151. ↑ "Civic Heraldry of England". Robert Young. Retrieved 11 March 2019.

Sources

Literature

  • Harrison, Stephen. The History of Hornsea from Earliest Times to 2005.
  • Hobson, J. E. A sketch of Hornsea from Domesday Book to 1901.
  • Southwell, G. L. Hornsea in Old Picture Postcards.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.