Hose's langur

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Hose's langur [1]
SemnopithecusHoseiSmit.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Cercopithecidae
Genus: Presbytis
Species:
P. hosei
Binomial name
Presbytis hosei
(Thomas, 1889)
Presbytis hosei subspecies distribution.png
After taxonomic revisions, the remaining range for Hose's langur is that shown as P. h. hosei and P. h. everetti

Hose's langur (Presbytis hosei) is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae endemic to the island of Borneo, including Brunei, Kalimantan (Indonesia), and East Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. [2] It was first identified in Kutai National Park and Sangkulirang Peninsula, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 1985.

Contents

Miller's langur (P. canicrus) and the Saban grizzled langur (P. sabana) were previously considered subspecies of Hose's langur. [3] [4] There used to also be two additional forms that were considered separate subspecies, P. h. hosei and P. h. everetti. However, P. h. everetti is no longer considered to be a separate subspecies as the original identification of it as a separate subspecies appears to be the result of comparing a subadult female with an adult male. [5] [6]

Threatened extinction

In 1996, Hose's langurs of East Kalimantan, Indonesia, were among the most common primates in the area. In 2003, their population densities have decreased by 50–80%. [7] The sudden drop in population arises from the rising demand for its bezoar stones and to prevent crop raiding, and the rapid deforestation and removal of the primate's habitat.

Densities of Hose's langurs positively correlate with tree height, height of the first bough, tree diameter, and canopy cover, and negatively with vegetation cover at low and ground level. With the constant deforestation and destruction of its habitat, Hose's langurs continue to lose their habitat. Every known area in which the primate resides has been affected severely, with the exception of the innermost areas of forests that have been relatively untouched by humans. [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Presbytis</i> Genus of south-east Asian monkeys

Presbytis is a genus of Old World monkeys also known as langurs, leaf monkeys, or surilis. Members of the genus live in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, on Sumatra, Borneo, Java and smaller nearby islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Javan surili</span> Species of Old World monkey

The Javan surili is a vulnerable species of Old World monkey endemic to the western half of Java, Indonesia, a biodiversity hotspot. Other common names by which it is known by include gray, grizzled or Sunda Island surili; grizzled or stripe-crested langur; Javan grizzled langur; grizzled, Java or Javan leaf monkey; langur gris.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raffles' banded langur</span> Species of primate in Malaysia and Singapore

The Raffles' banded langur, also known as the banded leaf monkey or banded surili, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to Singapore and southern Peninsular Malaysia. The species underwent taxonomic revisions in 2019 and 2020, in which two former subspecies were elevated to separate species. As a result, the Raffles' banded langur meets the criteria for being listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. It is mainly threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-fronted surili</span> Species of Old World monkey

The white-fronted surili is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae, the Old World monkeys. It is endemic to the large international island of Borneo, in Indonesia, Malaysia, and possibly Brunei.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-crested Sumatran langur</span> Species of Old World monkey

The black-crested Sumatran langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to Sumatra in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mentawai langur</span> Species of Old World monkey

The Mentawai langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to the Mentawai Islands in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. The Siberut langur was formerly considered a subspecies of the Mentawai langur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maroon leaf monkey</span> Species of Old World monkey

The maroon langur, maroon leaf monkey, or red leaf monkey is a member of the family Cercopithecidae. It is found on the southeast Asian island of Borneo and the nearby smaller Karimata. P. rubicunda mostly live in forests at altitudes below 2,000 m. They feed on leaves, seeds, and fruits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-thighed surili</span> Species of Old World monkey

The white-thighed surili is a species of primate from the family of old world monkeys (Cercopithecidae). This species lives arboreal amongst the sub-montane forests. It is endemic to the Thai-Malay Peninsula, the Riau Archipelago and Sumatra. In addition, the white-thighed surili contain four subspecies: siamensis (nominate), cana, paenulata and rhionis, are recognized here. Furthermore, they are characterized by the white patches located on the outside of their legs, which is what gives them their name. Additionally, they can be referred to as pale-thighed langur/surili. These primates are an important species for the diversity of forest environments in the Malaysian area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas's langur</span> Species of Old World monkey

Thomas's langur, also known as the North Sumatran leaf monkey or Thomas's leaf monkey, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. Its native names are reungkah in Acehnese and kedih in Alas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarawak surili</span> Species of Old World monkey

The Sarawak surili, Bornean banded langur, or cross-marked langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo, where it is distributed north of the Kapuas River in Kalimantan, Indonesia, the Malaysia states of Sarawak and Sabah, and in Brunei. Its taxonomy is complex and disputed, and it has been considered a subspecies of P. femoralis or P. melalophos. The Sarawak surili was formerly considered common, but has declined drastically due to persecution and habitat loss, and as of 2015 is only known from five sites with a combined population of 200–500 individuals. Consequently, it is believed to be one of the rarest primates in the world, and has been rated as critically endangered by IUCN.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Natuna Island surili</span> Species of Old World monkey

The Natuna Island surili is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robinson's banded langur</span> Species of primate in Malaysia, Burma and Thailand

Robinson's banded langur, also known as Robinson's banded surili, is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Raffles' banded langur Presbytis femoralis, but genetic analysis revealed that it is no more related to Raffles' banded langur than it is to several other Presbytis species. It lives in the northern Malay Peninsula, including southern Burma and Thailand. It is listed as near threatened by the IUCN.

The East Sumatran banded langur, also known as the East Sumatran banded surili, is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Raffles' banded langur Presbytis femoralis, but genetic analysis revealed it to be a separate species. Its range is restricted to the Riau Province of east-central Sumatra. Due to its declining population and restricted range in small, isolated forests subject to high rates of deforestation, the IUCN declared it to be a critically endangered species in 2020.

The mitered langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Sumatran surili, Presbytis melalophos but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species. The mitered langur is native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN due primarily to deforestation, and also due to animals taken for pets.

The black-and-white langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Black-crested Sumatran langur, Presbytis melalophos but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species.

The black Sumatran langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Sumatran surili, Presbytis melalophos but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species. The black Sumatran langur is native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN due primarily to deforestation, and also due to animals taken for pets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siberut langur</span> Species of monkey

The Siberut langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Mentawai langur, Presbytis potenziani but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species. The Siberut langur is native to the island of Siberut in Indonesia. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabah grizzled langur</span> Species of monkey

The Sabah grizzled langur, also known as the Saban grizzled langur, is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Hose's langur, Presbytis hosei. The Sabah grizzled langur is native to the island of Borneo in the province of Sabah in Malaysia, with part of its range in Indonesia. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN due primarily to habitat loss, fragmentation and hunting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miller's langur</span> Species of leaf monkey (mammal)

Miller's langur, also known as Miller's grizzled langur or Kutai grey langur, is a species of leaf monkey. It is endemic to East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is one of the world's most endangered primates, and was at one time thought to be extinct, until it was rediscovered in 2012.

References

  1. ↑ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 171. ISBN   0-801-88221-4. OCLC   62265494.
  2. 1 2 Nijman, V.; Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A.; Cheyne, S. (2021). "Presbytis hosei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T175648870A195370322. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T175648870A195370322.en . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  3. ↑ "Presbytis canicrus". American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 10 April 2020.[ permanent dead link ]
  4. ↑ "Presbytis sabana". American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 10 April 2020.[ permanent dead link ]
  5. ↑ Groves, Colin; Roos, Christian (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of Mammals of the World: Volume 3. pp. 716–717. ISBN   978-8496553897.
  6. ↑ Phillipps, Quentin; Phillipps, Karen (2016). Phillipps' Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. Princeton University Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN   9780691169415.
  7. ↑ Vincent Nijman Decline of the endemic Hose's langur Presbytis hosei in Kayan Mentarang National Park, East Borneo April 2005. Retrieved 26 October 2012
  8. ↑ Vincent Nijman Effects of habitat disturbance and hunting on the density and the biomass of the endemic Hose's leaf monkey Presbytis hosei (Thomas, 1889) (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in east Borneo [ permanent dead link ] 2004. Retrieved 26 October 2012
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