The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is a conservative-liberal political party in the Netherlands. The VVD,whose forerunner was the Freedom Party,is a party of the centre-right,which promotes private enterprise and economic liberalism.
Democrats 66 is a social liberal political party in the Netherlands,which positions itself in the centre of the political spectrum. It is a member of the Liberal International (LI) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE).
Alexander Pechtold is a retired Dutch politician and art historian. He is a member of Democrats 66.
Louse Wies Sija Anne Lilly Berthe "Lousewies" van der Laan is a retired Dutch politician of the Democrats 66 (D66) party and jurist.
Arie Slob is a Dutch politician and history teacher who served as Minister for Primary and Secondary Education and Media in the Third Rutte cabinet from 26 October 2017 until 10 January 2022.
Anna Theodora Bernardina "Ank" Bijleveld-Schouten is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) who has been serving as acting mayor of Almere since 10 January 2022. She served as Minister of Defence in the third cabinet of Prime Minister Mark Rutte from 26 October 2017 to 17 September 2021.
Raymond Willem Knops is a Dutch politician and retired RNLAF officer who served as State Secretary for the Interior and Kingdom Relations under the Third Rutte cabinet from 2017 to 2019 and again from 2020 until 2022. A member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA),he was Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations from 2019 to 2020 in an acting capacity. Knops has held a seat in the House of Representatives between 2005 and 2023 with three interruptions due to cabinet formation processes and service in government.
Wouter Koolmees is a Dutch economist and politician and of the Democrats 66 (D66) party who served as Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Third Rutte cabinet from 2017 to 2022. He also served as second Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 2019 to 2020 during Kajsa Ollongren's medical leave of absence.
General elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 15 March 2017 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives.
Steven Peter Robert Albert van Weyenberg is a Belgian-born Dutch politician of the social-liberal Democrats 66 (D66) party. He served on the House of Representatives and occupied several ministerial posts.
Gert Jan Maarten "Gert-Jan" Segers is a Dutch politician who was Leader of the Christian Union between 2015 and 2023. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2012 and was parliamentary leader between 2015 and 2023.
Barbara Visser is a Dutch-Croatian politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). From 31 August 2021 to 10 January 2022,she served as Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management of the Netherlands in the third Rutte cabinet. She previously served as State Secretary for Defence from 26 October 2017 to 31 August 2021.
Sigrid Agnes Maria Kaag is a Dutch politician,humanitarian and diplomat. She was the leader of the Democrats 66 (D66) and served as Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation,as Minister of Foreign Affairs,and as Minister of Finance.
Jkvr. Karin Hildur "Kajsa" Ollongren is a Dutch-Swedish politician serving as the Netherlands' Minister of Defence since 10 January 2022. A member of the Democrats 66 (D66),she previously served as Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations and second Deputy Prime Minister in the third Rutte cabinet (2017–2022),and briefly as Mayor of Amsterdam.
General elections were held in the Netherlands from 15 to 17 March 2021 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives. Following the elections and lengthy coalition formation talks,the sitting government remained in power.
The third Rutte cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 26 October 2017 until 10 January 2022. It was formed by a coalition government of the political parties People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD),Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA),Democrats 66 (D66) and Christian Union (CU) after the general election of 2017.
Rob Arnoldus Adrianus Jetten is a Dutch politician who has been the Leader of the Democrats 66 (D66) since 12 August 2023. In the fourth Rutte cabinet,he has been serving as Minister for Climate and Energy Policy since 10 January 2022 and as Deputy Prime Minister since 8 January 2024. Prior to his ministerial appointment,Jetten served as his party's parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives from 2018 to 2021.
Sophia Theodora Monique "Sophie" Hermans is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) who has sat in the House of Representatives since 2017. As of 11 January 2022 she is the VVD's parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives.
A process of cabinet formation took place following the 2021 Dutch general election,leading to the formation of the Fourth Rutte cabinet in 2022. The coalition consisted of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD),Democrats 66 (D66),Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and Christian Union (CU),the same parties that formed the preceding Third Rutte cabinet. At 299 days,it was the longest formation in Dutch history.
The fourth Rutte cabinet is the current cabinet of the Netherlands. It was inaugurated on 10 January 2022. The cabinet is a continuation of the third Rutte cabinet and is formed by the conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD),the social liberal Democrats 66 (D66) and the Christian democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and Christian Union (CU) after the election of 2021. The cabinet fell on 7 July 2023,after failing to reach an agreement on separate treatment of refugees fleeing from war. As a result,the cabinet became demissionary.
