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Institut de Droit International | |
Abbreviation | IIL, IDI |
---|---|
Formation | 8 September 1873 |
Founded at | Ghent, Belgium |
Type | NGO, IGO, Society |
Legal status | Institute |
Purpose | Promote the progress of international law |
Headquarters | Geneva, Switzerland |
Coordinates | 46°13′15″N6°08′37″E / 46.220722°N 6.143681°E |
Region | Worldwide |
Methods | Scientific research, publications, teaching and lobbying |
Fields | International law |
Secretary-General | Marcelo Kohen |
Affiliations | Consultant - ECOSOC Consultant - HCCH |
Website | www.idi-iil.org |
Lawportal |
The Institute of International Law (French: Institut de Droit International) is an organization devoted to the study and development of international law, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers. It was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1904. [1]
The institute was founded by Gustave Moynier and Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns, together with 9 other renowned international lawyers, on 8 September 1873 in the Salle de l'Arsenal of the Ghent Town Hall in Belgium. The founders of 1873 were:
In addition, August von Bulmerincq (from Tartu) was invited to participate at the founding event, but could not attend since the invitation did not reach him in time. He was later however counted among the founding members. [2]
In September 2023, the Institut celebrated its 150 years anniversary on the occasion of the 81st session that took place in Angers, France. [3] For the occasion, three French government ministers were invited to participate in the session and video messages from the President of France, Emmanuel Macron and the United Nations Secretary General, António Guterres were presented during the ceremony. [4] During this session, the Institut also launched a documentary film about the history of the organization. This documentary features many prominent international legal scholars as well as current judges at the International Court of Justice [5]
The Institute is a private body, made up of associates, members, and honorary members. The Statute stipulates that the number of members and associates under the age of 80 cannot be over 132. The members, elected every two years by the current members of the organization, are persons who have demonstrated notable scholarly work in the area of international law, and is restricted to those who are considered relatively free of political pressure. The organisation attempts to have members broadly distributed around the world.
The organisation holds biannual congresses for the study of international law as it currently exists, and passes resolutions proposing modifications to international law. It does not comment on specific disputes.
While its recommendations cover international law in its many forms, some of its resolutions particularly pertain to human rights law and peaceful dispute resolution. It was for that reason that the organization received the Nobel Peace Prize. [6]
The organization remains active, with the latest congress held in Angers, France in August 2023. The location of the institute's headquarters rotates according to the origin of the Secretary General. The current headquarters are at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland.
Current members of the Institut include, prominent lawyers, legal academics, [7] former ambassadors, judges of the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
Recent resolutions from the organization cover many important areas such as universal jurisdiction, provisional measures, regime of wrecks, immunity, environment, use of force, etc.
The Institut publishes its Annuaire, containing the reports of the commissions, deliberations of the plenary sessions, and any resulting declarations and resolutions. The records of the administrative sessions including elections are also included in the Annuaire.
The Institut's website [8] houses an online library of information, including, but not limited to, declarations, resolutions, and some works in progress for future inclusion in the Annuaire. [ citation needed ]
Henry Dunant, also known as Henri Dunant, was a Swiss humanitarian, businessman, social activist, and co-founder of the Red Cross. His humanitarian efforts won him the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.
Ghent University is a public research university located in Ghent, Belgium.
Tobias Michael Carel Asser was a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar. In 1911, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in the field of private international law, and in particular for his achievements establishing the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH).
Henri La Fontaine, was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913 because "he was the effective leader of the peace movement in Europe."
The Hague Academy of International Law is a center for high-level education in both public and private international law housed in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Courses are taught in English and French and, except for External Programme Courses, are held in the Peace Palace.
Gustave Moynier was a Swiss jurist who was active in many charitable organizations in Geneva.
The University of Nice Sophia Antipolis was a university located in Nice, France and neighboring areas. It was founded in 1965 and was organized in eight faculties, two autonomous institutes and an engineering school. It was merged in 2019 into the Côte d'Azur University.
Gerard Niyungeko was a Judge of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, a position he was appointed to in 2006.
The International Institute of Human Rights is an association under French local law based in Strasbourg, France. It includes approximately 300 members worldwide, including universities, researchers and practitioners of human rights.
Gustave Henri Ange Hippolyte Rolin-Jaequemyns was a Belgian lawyer, diplomat and Minister of the Interior (1878–1884) as a member of the Unitarian Liberal Party. Together with the Swiss jurist Gustave Moynier, he founded the Institut de Droit International and became its first Honorary President.
The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, also known as the Geneva Graduate Institute, is a public-private graduate-level university located in Geneva, Switzerland.
The T.M.C. Asser Instituut is a professional inter-university centre of knowledge and research. The institute carries out research in private and public international law, European law, as well as all other related fields, including international commercial arbitration, international sports law and international humanitarian and criminal law. It was established in 1965 in The Hague and it is affiliated with the University of Amsterdam. Since September 2021 the institute also hosts the Special Chair Arms Control Law.
Daniel Thürer is a Swiss jurist and professor emeritus of international, comparative constitutional, and European law at the University of Zurich. He is a member of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and of the Institut de Droit International, and presides the German International Law Association. Currently, he is a Fernand Braudel Senior Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence.
Augusto Pierantoni was an Italian jurist, professor, and politician in the Kingdom of Italy. He was also one of the founding members of the Institut de Droit International.
The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights is a postgraduate joint center located in Geneva, Switzerland. The faculty includes professors from both founding institutions and guest professors from major universities.
Côte d'Azur University is a public research university located in Nice, France, and neighboring areas. In 2019, it replaced the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis and the community (ComUE) that was created in 2013. On 9 January 2020, Jeanick Brisswalter was elected as president of Côte d'Azur University.
Paul Reuter (1911–1990) was "one of the twentieth century's greatest specialists on international law" and the principal architect of the legal framework for the European Coal and Steel Community, the first in a series of institutions that would ultimately become the European Union.
Marcelo Gustavo Kohen is an Argentine international lawyer and academic specialised in the areas of international legal theory, territorial and border disputes, international adjudication, and peaceful settlement of international disputes. He is Professor of International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva.
The 1901 Nobel Peace Prize was the first peace prize resulting from Alfred Nobel's will to recognize in the preceding year those who "have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." It was equally divided between the Swiss humanitarian Henri Dunant (1828–1910) "for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding" and the French pacifist Frédéric Passy (1822–1912) "for his lifelong work for international peace conferences, diplomacy and arbitration." It was the first of the many times the Nobel Peace Prize has been shared between two or more individuals.