Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition when pain occurs due to transposition of a loop of large intestine in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray.
Manuel Dias de Abreu was a Brazilian physician and scientist, the inventor of abreugraphy, a rapid radiography of the lungs for screening tuberculosis. He is considered one of the most important Brazilian physicians, side by side with Carlos Chagas, Vital Brazil and Oswaldo Cruz.
Diatrizoate, also known as amidotrizoate, Gastrografin, is a contrast agent used during X-ray imaging. This includes visualizing veins, the urinary system, spleen, and joints, as well as computer tomography. It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, injection into the bladder, through a nasogastric tube, or rectally.
Subungual exostosis is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor of the chondrogenic type, and consists of bone and cartilage. It usually projects from the upper surface of the big toe underlying the nailbed, giving rise to a painful swelling that destroys the nail. Subsequent ulceration and infection may occur.
A vascular tumor is a tumor of vascular origin; a soft tissue growth that can be either benign or malignant, formed from blood vessels or lymph vessels. Examples of vascular tumors include hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, hemangioendotheliomas, Kaposi's sarcomas, angiosarcomas, and hemangioblastomas. An angioma refers to any type of benign vascular tumor.
Pyelogram is a form of imaging of the renal pelvis and ureter.
Heinrich Ernst Albers-Schönberg was a German gynecologist and radiologist. He was a native of Hamburg.
Cartilage tumors, also known as chondrogenic tumors, are a type of bone tumor that develop in cartilage, and are divided into non-cancerous, cancerous and intermediate locally aggressive types.
Anterior interosseous syndrome is a medical condition in which damage to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), a distal motor and sensory branch of the median nerve, classically with severe weakness of the pincer movement of the thumb and index finger, and can cause transient pain in the wrist.
Iopromide is an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging. It is marketed under the name Ultravist which is produced by Bayer Healthcare. It is a low osmolar, non-ionic contrast agent for intravascular use; i.e., it is injected into blood vessels.
Iobitridol is a pharmaceutical drug used as an iodine-based radiocontrast agent in X-ray imaging. It is injected into blood vessels, joints, or body cavities such as the uterus, and filtered out by the kidneys. Its most common adverse effect is nausea. Severe allergic reactions are rare.
Metrizoic acid is a pharmaceutical drug that was used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging. Its uses included angiography and urography, but it has been discontinued, at least in the US.
Ioxaglic acid is pharmaceutical drug used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging. It has low osmolality, typically resulting in fewer side effects than high-osmolality media. It is manufactured by Guerbet, but marketing in the US has been discontinued. As of 2021, it may still be available in some European countries.
Gadoteric acid, sold under the brand name Dotarem among others, is a macrocycle-structured gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (GBCA). It consists of the organic acid DOTA as a chelating agent, and gadolinium (Gd3+), and is used in form of the meglumine salt (gadoterate meglumine). The paramagnetic property of gadoteric acid reduces the T1 relaxation time (and to some extent the T2 and T2* relaxation times) in MRI, which is the source of its clinical utility. Because it has magnetic properties, gadoteric acid develops a magnetic moment when put under a magnetic field, which increases the signal intensity (brightness) of tissues during MRI imaging.
Siegfried Kalischer was a German neurologist and researcher.
Boris Rajewsky was a Russian-born German biophysicist, who was one of the most influential researchers on the impact of radiation on living organisms in the 20th century. He served as Rector of the Goethe University Frankfurt from 1949 to 1951.
Ferdinand Siegert was a German pediatrician. His name is associated with "Siegert's sign", defined as shortness and inward curvature of the terminal phalanges of the little fingers in Down syndrome.
Caroline Renate Pickardt is a German endocrinologist. The main focus of her scientific work is in the area of thyroid diseases (thyroidology). She published fundamental articles on functional thyroid disorders and the pathophysiology of goitre.
Banki syndrome is a rare disorder in which two or more bones are fused. The symptoms may include: abnormality of the long bone of hand; short fingers or toes; permanent curving of the pinkie finger; fusion of wrist bones. The disorder has been reported in three generations of a single Hungarian family. First described by Z. Banki in a 1965 paper, it has been noted as being similar to Liebenberg syndrome, featuring lunatotriquetral fusion of the lunate bone with the triquetral bone, clinodactyly of the fingers, overall short metacarpals, and thin diaphysis of the longer bones, but unlike Liebenberg, no elbow dysplasia is observed.
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion, is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor belonging to the group of cartilage tumors. It is generally seen in the tubular bones of the hands and feet, where it presents with a rapidly enlarging painless lump in a finger or toe.
