Clinical data | |
---|---|
Trade names | Omnipaque, Hexopaque, Oraltag, others |
Other names | 5-[N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodo-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)isophthalamide |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
License data | |
Routes of administration | Intrathecal, intravascular, by mouth, intracavital, rectal |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Protein binding | Low |
Metabolism | Nil |
Elimination half-life | Variable |
Excretion | Kidney, unchanged |
Identifiers | |
| |
CAS Number | |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.060.130 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C19H26I3N3O9 |
Molar mass | 821.142 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 174 to 180 °C (345 to 356 °F) |
| |
| |
(what is this?) (verify) |
Iohexol, sold under the trade name Omnipaque among others, is a contrast agent used for X-ray imaging. [2] This includes when visualizing arteries, veins, ventricles of the brain, the urinary system, and joints, as well as during computed tomography (CT scan). [2] It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, or into a body cavity. [3]
Side effects include vomiting, skin flushing, headache, itchiness, kidney problems, and low blood pressure. [2] Less commonly allergic reactions or seizures may occur. [2] Allergies to povidone-iodine or shellfish do not affect the risk of side effects more than other allergies. [4] Use in the later part of pregnancy may cause hypothyroidism in the baby. [5] Iohexol is an iodinated non-ionic radiocontrast agent. [2] It is in the low osmolar family. [6]
Iohexol was approved for medical use in 1985. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] [3]
The osmolality of iohexol ranges from 322 mOsm/kg—approximately 1.1 times that of blood plasma—to 844 mOsm/kg, almost three times that of blood. [9] Despite this difference, iohexol is still considered a low-osmolality contrast agent; the osmolality of older agents, such as diatrizoate, may be more than twice as high. [10]
The most common side effects after intravenous injections are: pain at the site of injection (3%), blurring of vision (2%), nausea (2%), arrhythmia (2%), taste perversion (1%), hypotension (0.7%), and vomiting (0.7%). [11]
It is sold under the brand names Omnipaque. [12] It is also sold as a density gradient medium under the names Accudenz, Histodenz, and Nycodenz. [13] [14]
It is available in various concentrations, from 140 [11] to 350 [15] milligrams of iodine per milliliter. [11] Iohexol can given as intrathecal, intravascular, oral, rectal, intraarticular, or into the body cavity. [11]
Filgrastim, sold under the brand name Neupogen among others, is a medication used to treat low neutrophil count. Low neutrophil counts may occur with HIV/AIDS, following chemotherapy or radiation poisoning, or be of an unknown cause. It may also be used to increase white blood cells for gathering during leukapheresis. It is given either by injection into a vein or under the skin. Filgrastim is a leukocyte growth factor.
Cefazolin, also known as cefazoline and cephazolin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically it is used to treat cellulitis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, joint infection, and biliary tract infections. It is also used to prevent group B streptococcal disease around the time of delivery and before surgery. It is typically given by injection into a muscle or vein.
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, also known as co-amoxiclav or amox-clav, sold under the brand name Augmentin, among others, is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. It is a combination consisting of amoxicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic, and potassium clavulanate, a β-lactamase inhibitor. It is specifically used for otitis media, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, and animal bites. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.
Potassium iodide is a chemical compound, medication, and dietary supplement. It is a medication used for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, and for protecting the thyroid gland when certain types of radiopharmaceuticals are used. In the third world it is also used for treating skin sporotrichosis and phycomycosis. It is a supplement used by people with low dietary intake of iodine. It is administered orally.
Cefixime, sold under the brand name Suprax among others, is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections. These infections include otitis media, strep throat, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and Lyme disease. For gonorrhea typically only one dose is required. In the United States it is a second-line treatment to ceftriaxone for gonorrhea. It is taken by mouth.
Capecitabine, sold under the brand name Xeloda among others, is a anticancer medication used to treat breast cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. For breast cancer it is often used together with docetaxel. It is taken by mouth.
Vinorelbine (NVB), sold under the brand name Navelbine among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It is given by injection into a vein or by mouth.
Diatrizoate, also known as amidotrizoate, Gastrografin, is a contrast agent used during X-ray imaging. This includes visualizing veins, the urinary system, spleen, and joints, as well as computer tomography. It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, injection into the bladder, through a nasogastric tube, or rectally.
Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), also known as factor IX complex, sold under the brand name Kcentra among others, is a combination medication made up of blood clotting factors II, IX, and X. Some versions also contain factor VII. It is used to treat and prevent bleeding in hemophilia B if pure factor IX is not available. It may also be used for reversal of warfarin therapy. It is given by slow injection into a vein.
Iodixanol, sold under the brand name Visipaque, is an iodine-containing non-ionic radiocontrast agent.
Senna glycoside, also known as sennoside or senna, is a medication used to treat constipation and empty the large intestine before surgery. The medication is taken by mouth or via the rectum. It typically begins working in around 30 minutes when given by rectum and within twelve hours when given by mouth. It is a weaker laxative than bisacodyl and castor oil.
Benzylpenicillin, also known as penicillin G (PenG) or BENPEN, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia, strep throat, syphilis, necrotizing enterocolitis, diphtheria, gas gangrene, leptospirosis, cellulitis, and tetanus. It is not a first-line agent for pneumococcal meningitis. Due to benzylpenicillin's limited bioavailability for oral medications, it is generally taken as an injection in the form of a sodium, potassium, benzathine, or procaine salt. Benzylpenicillin is given by injection into a vein or muscle. Two long-acting forms benzathine benzylpenicillin and procaine benzylpenicillin are available for use by injection into a muscle only.
Iopentol is a pharmaceutical drug that was used as a radiocontrast agent for X-ray imaging in Europe.
Metrizoic acid is a pharmaceutical drug that was used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging. Its uses included angiography and urography, but it has been discontinued, at least in the US.
Ioxaglic acid is pharmaceutical drug used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging. It has low osmolality, typically resulting in fewer side effects than high-osmolality media. It is manufactured by Guerbet, but marketing in the US has been discontinued. As of 2021, it may still be available in some European countries.
Benzathine benzylpenicillin, also known as benzathine penicillin G (BPG), is an antibiotic medication useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically it is used to treat strep throat, diphtheria, syphilis, and yaws. It is also used to prevent rheumatic fever. It is given by injection into a muscle. It is known as "Peanut Butter Shot" in US military slang due to its appearance.
Procaine benzylpenicillin also known as penicillin G procaine, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically it is used for syphilis, anthrax, mouth infections, pneumonia, diphtheria, cellulitis, and animal bites. It is given by injection into a muscle.
Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination. A sterile version is used for making solutions that will be given by injection. Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution isotonic. Isotonic solutions containing water for injection can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process.
Idarucizumab, sold under the brand name Praxbind, is a monoclonal antibody used as a reversal agent for dabigatran.
Potassium chloride, also known as potassium salt, is used as a medication to treat and prevent low blood potassium. Low blood potassium may occur due to vomiting, diarrhea, or certain medications. The concentrated version should be diluted before use. It is given by slow injection into a vein or by mouth.