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Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Iodaque, Hexopaque, Oraltag, others |
Other names | 5-[N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodo-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)isophthalamide |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
License data | |
Routes of administration | Intrathecal, intravascular, by mouth, intracavital, rectal |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Protein binding | Low |
Metabolism | Nil |
Elimination half-life | Variable |
Excretion | Kidney, unchanged |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.060.130 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C19H26I3N3O9 |
Molar mass | 821.142 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 174 to 180 °C (345 to 356 °F) |
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Iohexol, sold under the trade name Iodaque among others, is a contrast agent used for X-ray imaging. [4] This includes when visualizing arteries, veins, ventricles of the brain, the urinary system, and joints, as well as during computed tomography (CT scan). [4] It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, or into a body cavity. [5]
Side effects include vomiting, skin flushing, headache, itchiness, kidney problems, and low blood pressure. [4] Less commonly allergic reactions or seizures may occur. [4] Allergies to povidone-iodine or shellfish do not affect the risk of side effects more than other allergies. [6] Use in the later part of pregnancy may cause hypothyroidism in the baby. [7] Iohexol is an iodinated non-ionic radiocontrast agent. [4] It is in the low osmolar family. [8]
Iohexol was approved for medical use in 1985. [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10] [5]
The osmolality of iohexol ranges from 322 mOsm/kg—approximately 1.1 times that of blood plasma—to 844 mOsm/kg, almost three times that of blood. [11] Despite this difference, iohexol is still considered a low-osmolality contrast agent; the osmolality of older agents, such as diatrizoate, may be more than twice as high. [12]
The most common side effects after intravenous injections are: pain at the site of injection (3%), blurring of vision (2%), nausea (2%), arrhythmia (2%), taste perversion (1%), hypotension (0.7%), and vomiting (0.7%). [13]
It is sold under the brand name Omnipaque. [14] It is also sold as a density gradient medium under the names Accudenz, Histodenz, and Nycodenz. [15] [16]
It is available in various concentrations, from 140 [13] to 350 [17] milligrams of iodine per milliliter. [13] Iohexol can given as intrathecal, intravascular, oral, rectal, intraarticular, or into the body cavity. [13]