KDE Software Compilation

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KDE Software Compilation
Developer(s) KDE
Initial release1.0 / 12 July 1998;25 years ago (1998-07-12)
Final release 17.12.3 (March 6, 2018;6 years ago (2018-03-06)) [±] [1]
Written inMainly C++ (Qt), some C
Operating system Entire DE: Unix-like with X11 or Wayland and also Windows XP–7. [2]
Applications only: Mac OS X 10.4–10.6
Available in86 languages [3]
List of languages
  • Full (52): Arabic, Basque, Bosnian, Brazilian Portuguese, British English, Catalan, Catalan (Valencian), Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Farsi (Persian), Finnish, French, Galician, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Interlingua, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Japanese, Kazakh, Khmer, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Low Saxon, Marathi, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian, Uyghur
  • Partial (34): Afrikaans, Armenian, Assamese, Asturian, Belarusian (Latin), Bengali, Bengali (India), Breton, Bulgarian, Chhattisgarhi, West Frisian, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashubian, Kurdish, Macedonian, Maithili, Malay, Malayalam, Northern Sami, Oriya, Pashto, Sinhala, Tajik, Tamil, Tatarish, Telugu, Thai, Upper Sorbian, Uzbek, Uzbek (Cyrillic), Vietnamese, Walloon
Type Desktop environment
License GNU GPL, GNU LGPL, BSD License, MIT License [4]
Website www.kde.org

The KDE Software Compilation (KDE SC) was an umbrella term for the desktop environment plus a range of included applications produced by KDE. From its 1.0 release in July 1998 until the release of version 4.4 in February 2010, the Software Compilation was simply known as KDE, which stood for K Desktop Environment until the rebrand. [5] The then called KDE SC was used from 4.4 onward until the final release 4.14 in July 2014. It consisted of the KDE Plasma 4 desktop and those KDE applications, whose development teams chose to follow the Software Compilation's release schedule. After that, the KDE SC was split into three separate product entities: KDE Plasma, KDE Frameworks and KDE Applications, each with their own independent release schedules.

Contents

History

Origins

KDE was founded in 1996 by Matthias Ettrich, who was then a student at the University of Tübingen. At the time, he was troubled by certain aspects of the Unix desktop. Among his qualms was that none of the applications looked, felt, or worked alike. He proposed the formation of not only a set of applications, but, rather, a desktop environment, in which users could expect things to look, feel and work consistently. He also wanted to make this desktop easy to use; one of his complaints with desktop applications of the time was that his girlfriend could not use them. His initial Usenet post spurred a lot of interest, and the KDE project was born. [6]

Ettrich chose to use Trolltech's Qt framework for the KDE project. Other programmers quickly started developing KDE/Qt applications, and by early 1997, a few applications were being released.

First series

K Desktop Environment 1.0 KDE 1.0.jpg
K Desktop Environment 1.0

On 12 July 1998, K Desktop Environment 1.0 was released. In November 1998, the Qt toolkit was dual-licensed under the free/open source Q Public License (QPL) and a proprietary license for proprietary software developers. Debate continued about compatibility with the GNU General Public License (GPL), so in September 2000, Trolltech made the Unix version of the Qt libraries available under the GPL, in addition to the QPL. Trolltech continued to require licenses for developing proprietary software with Qt. The core libraries of KDE are collectively licensed under the GNU LGPL, but the only way for proprietary software to make use of them was to be developed under the terms of the Qt proprietary license.

Second series

K Desktop Environment 2.0 KDE-2.0-es-es.png
K Desktop Environment 2.0

Beginning 23 October 2000, the second series of releases, K Desktop Environment 2 , introduced significant technological improvements. [7] These included DCOP (Desktop COmmunication Protocol), KIO (an application I/O library), KParts (a component object model, which allows an application to embed another within itself), and KHTML (an HTML rendering and drawing engine). [7]

Pre-fourth series

KDE 3.2 with Konqueror and the About screen Kde-3.2.3-es-es.png
KDE 3.2 with Konqueror and the About screen

The third series was much larger than previous series, consisting of six major releases starting on 3 April 2002. The API changes between K Desktop Environment 2 and K Desktop Environment 3 were comparatively minor, meaning that the KDE 3 can be seen as largely a continuation of the K Desktop Environment 2 series. All releases of K Desktop Environment 3 were built upon Qt 3, which was only released under the GPL for Linux and Unix-like operating systems, including Mac OS X. It is marked stable running on Mac OS X since 2008. Unlike KDE SC 4, however, it requires an X11 server to operate. [9] In 2002, members of the KDE on Cygwin project began porting the GPL licensed Qt/X11 code base to Windows. [10]

Fourth series

Latest Plasma Desktop in KDE Software Compilation 4.10 KDE 4.png
Latest Plasma Desktop in KDE Software Compilation 4.10

KDE Software Compilation 4, first released on 11 January 2008, is based on Qt 4, which is also released under the GPL for Windows and Mac OS X. Therefore, KDE SC 4 applications can be compiled and run natively on these operating systems as well. KDE Software Compilation 4 on Mac OS X is currently considered beta, [11] while on Windows it is not in the final state, so applications can be unsuitable for day to day use. [12] [13]

KDE SC 4 includes many new technologies and technical changes. The centerpiece is a redesigned desktop and panels collectively called Plasma, which replaces Kicker, KDesktop, and SuperKaramba by integrating their functionality into one piece of technology; Plasma is intended to be more configurable for those wanting to update the decades-old desktop metaphor. There are a number of new frameworks, including Phonon (a new multimedia interface making KDE independent of any one specific media backend) Solid (an API for network and portable devices), and Decibel (a new communication framework to integrate all communication protocols into the desktop). Also featured is a metadata and search framework, incorporating Strigi as a full-text file indexing service, and NEPOMUK with KDE integration. [14]

Starting with Qt 4.5, Qt was also made available under the LGPL version 2.1, [15] a major step for KDE adoption in corporate and proprietary environments, as the LGPL permits proprietary applications to link to libraries licensed under the LGPL.

Post-fourth series

KDE Plasma 5.26 with Breeze Twilight theme, mix of dark and light color scheme. KDE Plasma 5.26 screenshot.png
KDE Plasma 5.26 with Breeze Twilight theme, mix of dark and light color scheme.

As of August 2014, KDE no longer provides synchronized releases of the entire software compilation; instead the software is split into three parts:

Major changes include a move from Qt 4 to Qt 5, support for the next-generation display server protocol Wayland, support for the next-generation rendering API Vulkan and modularization of the KDE core libraries. [19] Initial releases of Frameworks 5 and Plasma 5 were made available in July 2014. [16] [17]

The releases KDE Frameworks 5, KDE Plasma 5 and KDE Applications 5 are not one singular entity. These parts have been only released together, and cobbling them up under one name really has not been helpful. 3rd party developers thought they would only target Plasma Workspaces, Plasma users have thought you’ll only be able to run “KDE apps”, potential users of applications will assume that you can only use them inside Plasma workspaces — all of them untrue, all of them taken right out of my daily experience. [20]

Development

Source code

KDE SC releases are made to the KDE FTP server [21] in the form of source code with configure scripts, which are compiled by operating system vendors and integrated with the rest of their systems before distribution. Most vendors use only stable and tested versions of KDE SC, providing it in the form of easily installable, pre-compiled packages. The source code of every stable and development version of KDE SC is stored in the KDE source code repository, using Git. [22] KDE Platform is licensed under the LGPL, BSD license, MIT license, or X11 license. Applications also allow GPL. Documentation also allow FDL. CMake modules must be licensed under the BSD licence. [23]

Major releases

Major releases are releases that begin a series (version number X.0). These releases are allowed to break binary compatibility with the predecessor, or to put it differently, all following releases (X.1, X.2, ...) will guarantee binary portability (API & ABI). This means, for instance, that software that was developed for KDE 3.0 will work on all (future) KDE 3 releases; however, an application developed for KDE 2 is not guaranteed to be able to make use of the KDE 3 libraries. KDE major version numbers follow the Qt release cycle, meaning that KDE SC 4 is based on Qt 4, while KDE 3 was based on Qt 3.

Qt 5.0 was released 19 December 2012, Qt 5.2 12 December 2013. And for example KDE Frameworks 5.21.0 requires Qt >= 5.4, and no longer supports Qt 5.3 (cf. Qt version history).

Standard releases

There are two main types of standard releases: Feature releases and bugfix releases.

Feature releases have two version numbers, for example 3.5 and contain new features. As soon as a feature release is ready and announced, work on the next feature release starts. A feature release needs several months to be finished and many bugs that are fixed during this time are backported to the stable branch, meaning that these fixes are incorporated into the last stable release by bugfix releases. During the KDE SC 4 series, KDE SC had a feature release roughly every six months. Since the split, KDE Plasma releases a new feature version roughly every 3–4 months.

Bugfix releases have three version numbers, e.g. KDE 1.1.1, and focus on fixing bugs, minor glitches, and making small usability improvements. Bugfix releases in general do not allow new features, although some releases include small enhancements. A shortened release schedule is used. Starting with the KDE SC 4 series, KDE SC has a maintenance release roughly every month, except during the month of a feature release, while with Plasma 5, bugfix releases tend to happen even shorter like 2–3 weeks.

Release cycle

Timeline of major releases
DateRelease
14 October 1996Project announced by Matthias Ettrich [24]
KDE 1
12 July 1998KDE 1.0 [25]
6 February 1999KDE 1.1 [26]
KDE 2
23 October 2000KDE 2.0 [27]
26 February 2001KDE 2.1 [28]
15 August 2001KDE 2.2 [29]
KDE 3
3 April 2002KDE 3.0 [30]
28 January 2003KDE 3.1 [31]
3 February 2004KDE 3.2 [32]
19 August 2004KDE 3.3 [33]
16 March 2005KDE 3.4 [34]
29 November 2005KDE 3.5 [35]
KDE SC 4
11 January 2008KDE 4.0 [36]
29 July 2008KDE 4.1 [37]
27 January 2009KDE 4.2 [38]
4 August 2009KDE 4.3 [39]
9 February 2010KDE SC 4.4 [40]
10 August 2010KDE SC 4.5 [41]
26 January 2011KDE SC 4.6 [42]
27 July 2011KDE SC 4.7 [43]
25 January 2012KDE SC 4.8 [44]
1 August 2012KDE SC 4.9 [45]
5 February 2013KDE SC 4.10 [46]
14 August 2013KDE SC 4.11 [47] KDE Plasma 4 feature freeze + LTS until August 2015
18 December 2013KDE SC 4.12 [48]
16 April 2014KDE SC 4.13 [49]
31 July 2014KDE SC 4.14 released; Some Applications are based on KDE Platform 4, some on KDE Frameworks 5 [50]
KDE Qt5-based software
DateReleaseDateReleaseDateRelease
KDE Frameworks 5 KDE Plasma 5 KDE Applications / KDE Gear
7 July 2014KDE Frameworks 5.0 [51] 15 July 2014KDE Plasma 5.0 [52]
7 August 2014KDE Frameworks 5.1 [53]
12 September 2014KDE Frameworks 5.2 [54]
7 October 2014KDE Frameworks 5.3 [55] 15 October 2014KDE Plasma 5.1 [56]
6 November 2014KDE Frameworks 5.4 [57]
11 December 2014KDE Frameworks 5.5 [58] 17 December 2014KDE Applications 14.12 [59]
8 January 2015KDE Frameworks 5.6 [60] 27 January 2015KDE Plasma 5.2 [61]
14 February 2015KDE Frameworks 5.7 [62]
13 March 2015KDE Frameworks 5.8 [63]
10 April 2015KDE Frameworks 5.9 [64] 28 April 2015KDE Plasma 5.3 [65] 15 April 2015KDE Applications 15.04 [66]
8 May 2015KDE Frameworks 5.10 [67]
12 June 2015KDE Frameworks 5.11 [68]
10 July 2015KDE Frameworks 5.12 [69]
12 August 2015KDE Frameworks 5.13 [70] 25 August 2015KDE Plasma 5.4 [71] 19 August 2015KDE Applications 15.08 [72]
12 September 2015KDE Frameworks 5.14 [73]
10 October 2015KDE Frameworks 5.15 [74]
13 November 2015KDE Frameworks 5.16 [75]
12 December 2015KDE Frameworks 5.17 [76] 8 December 2015KDE Plasma 5.5 [77] 16 December 2015KDE Applications 15.12 [78]
9 January 2016KDE Frameworks 5.18 [79]
13 February 2016KDE Frameworks 5.19 [80]
13 March 2016KDE Frameworks 5.20 [81] 22 March 2016KDE Plasma 5.6 [82]
9 April 2016KDE Frameworks 5.21 [83] 20 April 2016KDE Applications 16.04 LTS [84]
15 May 2016KDE Frameworks 5.22 [85]
13 June 2016KDE Frameworks 5.23 [86]
9 July 2016KDE Frameworks 5.24 [87] 5 July 2016KDE Plasma 5.7 [88]
13 August 2016KDE Frameworks 5.25 [89] 18 August 2016KDE Applications 16.08 [90]
10 September 2016KDE Frameworks 5.26 [91]
8 October 2016KDE Frameworks 5.27 [92] 4 October 2016KDE Plasma 5.8 LTS [93]
15 November 2016KDE Frameworks 5.28 [94]
12 December 2016KDE Frameworks 5.29 [95] 15 December 2016KDE Applications 16.12 [96]
14 January 2017KDE Frameworks 5.30 [97] 31 January 2017KDE Plasma 5.9 [98]
11 February 2017KDE Frameworks 5.31 [99]
11 March 2017KDE Frameworks 5.32 [100]
8 April 2017KDE Frameworks 5.33 [101] 20 April 2017KDE Applications 17.04 [102]
13 May 2017KDE Frameworks 5.34 [103] 30 May 2017KDE Plasma 5.10 [104]
10 Jun 2017KDE Frameworks 5.35 [105]
8 July 2017KDE Frameworks 5.36 [106]
13 August 2017KDE Frameworks 5.37 [107] 17 August 2017KDE Applications 17.08 [108]
9 September 2017KDE Frameworks 5.38 [109]
14 October 2017KDE Frameworks 5.39 [110] 10 October 2017KDE Plasma 5.11 [111]
11 November 2017KDE Frameworks 5.40 [112]
10 December 2017KDE Frameworks 5.41 [113] 14 December 2017KDE Applications 17.12 [114]
13 January 2018KDE Frameworks 5.42 [115]
12 February 2018KDE Frameworks 5.43 [116] 6 February 2018KDE Plasma 5.12 LTS [117]
10 March 2018KDE Frameworks 5.44 [118]
14 April 2018KDE Frameworks 5.45 [119] 19 April 2018KDE Applications 18.04 LTS [120]
12 May 2018KDE Frameworks 5.46 [121]
9 June 2018KDE Frameworks 5.47 [122] 12 June 2018KDE Plasma 5.13 [123]
14 July 2018KDE Frameworks 5.48 [124]
11 August 2018KDE Frameworks 5.49 [125] 16 August 2018KDE Applications 18.08 [126]
8 September 2018KDE Frameworks 5.50 [127]
15 October 2018KDE Frameworks 5.51 [128] 9 October 2018KDE Plasma 5.14 [129]
10 November 2018KDE Frameworks 5.52 [130]
8 December 2018KDE Frameworks 5.53 [131] 13 December 2018KDE Applications 18.12 [132]
12 January 2019KDE Frameworks 5.54 [133]
9 February 2019KDE Frameworks 5.55 [134] 12 February 2019KDE Plasma 5.15 [135]
9 March 2019KDE Frameworks 5.56 [136]
13 April 2019KDE Frameworks 5.57 [137] 18 April 2019KDE Applications 19.04 [138]
13 May 2019KDE Frameworks 5.58 [139]
8 June 2019KDE Frameworks 5.59 [140] 11 June 2019KDE Plasma 5.16 [141]
13 July 2019KDE Frameworks 5.60 [142]
10 August 2019KDE Frameworks 5.61 [143] 15 August 2019KDE Applications 19.08 [144]
14 September 2019KDE Frameworks 5.62 [145]
12 October 2019KDE Frameworks 5.63 [146] 15 October 2019KDE Plasma 5.17 [147]
10 November 2019KDE Frameworks 5.64 [148]
14 December 2019KDE Frameworks 5.65 [149] 12 December 2019KDE Applications 19.12 [150]
11 January 2020KDE Frameworks 5.66 [151]
2 February 2020KDE Frameworks 5.67 [152] 11 February 2020KDE Plasma 5.18 LTS [153]
7 March 2020KDE Frameworks 5.68 [154]
5 April 2020KDE Frameworks 5.69 [155] 23 April 2020KDE Applications 20.04 LTS [156]
2 May 2020KDE Frameworks 5.70 [157]
6 June 2020KDE Frameworks 5.71 [158] 9 June 2020KDE Plasma 5.19 [159]
4 July 2020KDE Frameworks 5.72 [160]
1 August 2020KDE Frameworks 5.73 [161] 13 August 2020KDE Applications 20.08 [162]
6 September 2020KDE Frameworks 5.74 [163]
10 October 2020KDE Frameworks 5.75 [164] 13 October 2020KDE Plasma 5.20 [165]
7 November 2020KDE Frameworks 5.76 [166]
12 December 2020KDE Frameworks 5.77 [167] 10 December 2020KDE Applications 20.12 [168]
9 January 2021KDE Frameworks 5.78 [169]
13 February 2021KDE Frameworks 5.79 [170] 16 February 2021KDE Plasma 5.21 [171]
13 March 2021KDE Frameworks 5.80 [172]
10 April 2021KDE Frameworks 5.81 [173] 22 April 2021KDE Gear 21.04 [174]
8 May 2021KDE Frameworks 5.82 [175]
12 June 2021KDE Frameworks 5.83 [176] 8 June 2021KDE Plasma 5.22 [177]
10 July 2021KDE Frameworks 5.84 [178]
13 August 2021KDE Frameworks 5.85 [179] 12 August 2021KDE Gear 21.08 [180]
11 September 2021KDE Frameworks 5.86 [181]
9 October 2021KDE Frameworks 5.87 [182] 14 October 2021KDE Plasma 5.23 [183]
13 November 2021KDE Frameworks 5.88 [184]
11 December 2021KDE Frameworks 5.89 [185] 9 December 2021KDE Gear 21.12 [186]
8 January 2022KDE Frameworks 5.90 [187]
13 February 2022KDE Frameworks 5.91 [188] 8 February 2022KDE Plasma 5.24 LTS [189]
12 March 2022KDE Frameworks 5.92 [190]
9 April 2022KDE Frameworks 5.93 [191] 21 April 2022KDE Gear 22.04 LTS [192]
14 May 2022KDE Frameworks 5.94 [193]
12 June 2022KDE Frameworks 5.95 [194] 14 June 2022KDE Plasma 5.25 [195]
9 July 2022KDE Frameworks 5.96 [196]
14 August 2022KDE Frameworks 5.97 [197] 18 August 2022KDE Gear 22.08 [198]
12 September 2022KDE Frameworks 5.98 [199]
9 October 2022KDE Frameworks 5.99 [200] 11 October 2022KDE Plasma 5.26 [201]
14 November 2022KDE Frameworks 5.100 [202]
10 December 2022KDE Frameworks 5.101 [203] 8 December 2022KDE Gear 22.12 [204]
14 January 2023KDE Frameworks 5.102 [205]
11 February 2023KDE Frameworks 5.103 [206] 14 February 2023KDE Plasma 5.27 LTS [207]
12 March 2023KDE Frameworks 5.104 [208]
8 April 2023KDE Frameworks 5.105 [209] 20 April 2023KDE Gear 23.04 [210]
13 May 2023KDE Frameworks 5.106 [211]
10 June 2023KDE Frameworks 5.107 [212]
8 July 2023KDE Frameworks 5.108 [213]
17 August 2023KDE Frameworks 5.109 [214] 24 August 2023KDE Gear 23.08 [215]
10 September 2023KDE Frameworks 5.110 [216]
18 October 2023KDE Frameworks 5.111 [217]
12 November 2023KDE Frameworks 5.112 [218]
14 December 2023KDE Frameworks 5.113 [219]
13 January 2024KDE Frameworks 5.114 [220]
10 February 2024KDE Frameworks 5.115 [221]
KDE Qt6-based software
DateReleaseDateReleaseDateRelease
KDE Frameworks 6 KDE Plasma 6 KDE Gear
28 February 2024KDE Frameworks 6.0 [222] 28 February 2024KDE Plasma 6.0 [222] 28 February 2024KDE Gear 24.02 [222]
12 April 2024KDE Frameworks 6.1 [223]

The KDE team releases new versions on a regular basis.

Lines of Code

Implementation

Most KDE software uses Qt which runs on most Unix and Unix-like systems (including Mac OS X), Android and Microsoft Windows. As of 2011 CMake serves as the build tool. This allows KDE to support a wider range of platforms, including Windows. [226] GNU gettext is used for translation. Doxygen is used to generate api documentation. [227]

Overview

Packages

Default login sound of KDE SC

The Software Compilation consists of the following packages:

Base technologies

Applications

The Kontact personal information manager and Konqueror file manager/web browser running on KDE Plasma 5.2 KDE 5.2 Konqueror and Kontact.png
The Kontact personal information manager and Konqueror file manager/web browser running on KDE Plasma 5.2

Major applications by KDE Software Compilation include:

Licensing

In November 1998, the Qt framework was dual-licensed under the free and open-source Q Public License (QPL) and a commercial license for proprietary software developers. The same year, the KDE Free Qt foundation was created which guarantees that Qt would fall under a variant of the very liberal BSD license should Trolltech cease to exist or no free version of Qt be released during 12 months. [230]

Debate continued about compatibility with the GNU General Public License (GPL), hence in September 2000 Trolltech made the Unix version of the Qt libraries available under the GPL in addition to the QPL which eliminated the concerns of the Free Software Foundation. [231] Trolltech continued to require licenses for developing proprietary software with Qt. The core libraries of KDE are collectively licensed under the GNU LGPL but the only way for proprietary software to make use of them was to be developed under the terms of the Qt proprietary license.

Starting with Qt 4.5, Qt was also made available under the LGPL version 2.1, [232] now allowing proprietary applications to legally use the open source Qt version.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "KDE Ships KDE Applications and Platform 17.12.3". KDE . 6 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  2. ↑ "Replace Windows Shell with KDE Plasma Desktop".
  3. ↑ "KDE Localization statistics".
  4. ↑ "KDE Licensing Policy" . Retrieved 6 November 2010.
  5. ↑ Repositioning the KDE Brand
  6. ↑ Ettrich, Matthias (14 October 1996). "New Project: Kool Desktop Environment (KDE)". Newsgroup:  de.comp.os.linux.misc. Usenet:   53tkvv$b4j@newsserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de . Retrieved 29 December 2006.
  7. 1 2 KDE 2.0 Release Announcement
  8. ↑ Seigo, Aaron. "milestones" . Retrieved 10 November 2008.
  9. ↑ "Projects/KDE on Mac OS X/KDE 3 - KDE TechBase". Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  10. ↑ Q../Windows Edition history, 5 June 2006
  11. ↑ "KDE 4 Mac". KDE. 7 July 2007. Archived from the original on 11 November 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
  12. ↑ "The KDE on Windows Project". KDE. 7 July 2007. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
  13. ↑ "KDE on Windows at TechBase". KDE. 5 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
  14. ↑ NEPOMUK-KDE Archived 25 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine
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