Kanifing

Last updated

Kanifing
Urban municipality
Serrekunda (14614132485).jpg
Minnikhanov on 15th OIC Summit 12.jpg
Gambia Standard Chartered Bank 0001.jpg
Megatrip africa 758 (382796042).jpg
52nd Independence Anniversary Celebrations and Inauguration of His Excellency Mr. Adama Barrow President of the Republic of The Gambia.jpg
Banjul districts.png
From left to right: Serekunda city centre,Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara International Conference Center, Standard Chartered Bank,Kachikally Museum and Crocodile Pool, Independence Stadium (Bakau) (Pre renovation), and Greater Banjul Area Map
GAM Kanifing COA.svg
Coat of arms
Gambia-Kanifing.png
Location of the Kanifing Local Government Area in the Gambia
Coordinates: 13°26′51″N16°40′21″W / 13.44750°N 16.67250°W / 13.44750; -16.67250
Country The Gambia
Local government area Kanifing
District Kanifing
Government
 • Type Mayor–council government
 • BodyKanifing Municipal Council
 • Lord Mayor Talib Ahmed Bensouda (United Democratic Party)
Area
 • Land75.5 km2 (29.2 sq mi)
Population
 (2013) [1]
 • Total382,096
 • Estimate 
(2023) [2]
391,270
Website http://kanifing.gm/

Kanifing is a municipality, local government area and district in the Gambia. It is part of the Greater Banjul Area, to the west of Banjul. It is governed by the Kanifing Municipal Council.

Contents

Kanifing is one of the country's most densely populated places and its most populated district. Its population expanded in the post-colonial era. It has received many migrants from the rest of the Gambia and abroad. It has large populations of many ethnicities.

Kanifing is the economic center of the Gambia. Serekunda is the country's largest population center. Tourism is a major industry. There are several higher education institutes, including the University of the Gambia.

History

Sayerr Jobe founded Serekunda, the first settlement in the forested area, in the nineteenth century. He helped establish other settlements in Kanifing, including Bundung and Ebo Town. [3]

In 1840, France ceded a 40-square-kilometer area called British Kombo, later renamed Kombo St. Mary. It annexed another French cession in 1853. It was part of the Gambia Colony. The Protectorate Ordinances, passed between 1894 and 1902, transferred it to the administration of the Gambia Protectorate. It returned to the Colony in 1946. [4] : 6–7  The local government area (LGA) of Kombo St. Mary was created in the 1960s from part of the Brikama LGA. It was the eighth LGA to be established. [4] : 7–8  The Kombo Rural Authority was renamed the Kanifing Urban District Council in 1974 and the Kanifing Municipal Council in 1991. [5]

Kanifing grew significantly in the post-colonial era. This was largely caused by immigration from nearby countries; in 1993, foreign nationals made up 20% of the population of the LGA. Kanifing's growth led to the country's urbanisation rate to increase from 23% in 1973 to 37% in 1993. [4] : 9  This expansion led to higher property values and foreign investment. [6]

Geography

Satellite image of Kanifing, oriented with west on top ISS023-E-38963 - View of The Gambia.jpg
Satellite image of Kanifing, oriented with west on top

Kanifing is one of the eight local government areas of the Gambia. It is the only one that contains only one district. [7]

Kanifing has a land area of 75.5 square kilometers. [8] It lies immediately west of the capital city Banjul, with this joint conurbation known as the Greater Banjul Area. [5] Serekunda, the country's largest urban area, is in Kanifing. [9]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1963 12,208—    
1973 39,404+222.8%
1983 101,504+157.6%
1993 228,214+124.8%
2013 377,134+65.3%
Source: [4] : 9 

Kanifing Municipality has a population of 377,134, as of the 2013 census. [7] This makes it the country's most populated district, as well as the most densely populated. [5]

The 2023 population estimate is 391,270. The sex ratio is 1:1. The mean household size is 6.7. There are 40,367 people (11.63% of the population) in poverty, 3,340 (1.0%) in extreme poverty, and 117,648 (33.9%) in food poverty. [2]

The predominantly rural Mandinka people moved to cities in the post-colonial era. Kanifing's share of the Gambia's Mandinka population increased from 3% in 1963 to 16% in 1993. [4] : 15  In 1993, Kanifing had about one-third of the country's Jola people, about one-quarter of Serahuli people, nearly one-third of Serer people, and the majority of Aku people. [4] : 18–21  It had nearly half of the country's Christians. [4] : 26 

The population has grown through both internal migration and immigration, being home in 2013 to 30% of the country's immigrants and 35% of the country's internal migrants. The total number of immigrants was 33,790, of which 34% were from Senegal and 25% were from Guinea. [5]

In Kanifing and Banjul, the Wolof language is spoken as a lingua franca in multi-ethnic groups, rather than Mandinka as in the rest of the country. [10]

Settlements

Kanifing has nineteen settlements:

Settlements in Kanifing
SettlementPopulation
2013 [7] 2003 [11] 1993 [12]
Abuko 1581189584345
Bakau New Town 252653160026687
Bakau Wasulun 354513122195
Bakoteh 16924171616594
Bundungka Kunda 553605186941369
Dippa Kunda 176541496515081
Ebo Town 22789183632563
Faji Kunda 381212396912744
Kololi 725754984416
Kotu 16358118444419
Kanifing14296——
Pipeline 4317——
Latri Kunda German 197652404522902
Latri Kunda Sabiji 156191493911289
Manjai Kunda 18601143724800
New Jeshwang 173941702321656
Old Jeshwang 7552133198480
Serekunda 199441929218901
Talinding 405623420619773

Administration

The wards of Kanifing Municipal Council Kanifing Municipal Council wards.svg
The wards of Kanifing Municipal Council

Administrative divisions

The Kanifing Municipal Council (KMC) is led by the Lord Mayor of Kanifing, who has administrative duties. Ward councilors manage social and economic duties. [13] KMC is divided into eighteen wards: Abuko, Bakau New Town, Bakoteh, Bantaba Bore Hole, Bartez, Bundung Six Junction, Dippa Kunda, Fajikunda, Kanifing, Kololi, Latrikunda Sabiji, London Corner, Manjai Kotu, New Jeshwang/Ebo Town, Old Bakau/Cape Point, Old Jeshwang, Tallinding North, and Tallinding South. [14] It is further divided into seventy-four sub-wards, each led by a sub-ward chairman. [15]

The municipality has seven parliamentary constituencies: Serekunda East, Serekunda West, Serekunda Central, Jeshwang, Bakau, Latrikunda Sabiji, and Tallinding. [15]

Government

Mayor Talib Ahmed Bensouda ABENSOUDA.jpg
Mayor Talib Ahmed Bensouda

Talib Ahmed Bensouda  [ de ], a member of the United Democratic Party, was elected Lord Mayor of Kanifing in the 2018 election. [16] [17] He was reelected in the 2023 election. [16] He is the son of lawyer Amie Bensouda. [18] He succeeded Yankuba Colley as Lord Mayor. [19]

The Deputy Mayor of KMC is Binta Janneh Jallow. She is the first woman to hold the position. She was appointed in July 2021 to replace Pa Musa Bah, who had resigned. She was previously the ward councilor of Bakau New Town. [20]

The Crime Management Coordinator of KMC is Pateh Bah, As of February 2024. [21] He has held the position since its creation in 2017 by the Adama Barrow administration. [22]

The Law Court Complex in Bundung houses the High Court, the Magistrates Court, and the Cadi Court. [23] The Kanifing Magistrates Court functions as the Children's Court on Tuesdays and Thursdays, despite the constitution providing for a full-time juvenile court. [24]

Economy

Kanifing is the main commercial area of the Gambia, [13] and is the district with the highest concentration of industry, hosting a large industrial estate. Most of the Gambia's hotels and coastal resorts lie within the municipality, as does the national football stadium. While government administration is an important component of the economy, 50.8% of the workforce is employed in the private sector. Altogether, 32.5% of workers are in wholesale and retail trade, 13% in manufacturing, and 17.5% in services. [5]

Of the 251,712 people who are 15 or older, 122,726 are in the labor force, including 108,474 who are employed and 14,252 who are unemployed. [2] The unemployment rate among workers aged 15 to 35 is relatively low for the country, at just 6.5%, although within this age range over 20% of those with higher education are unemployed. [5] Child labor affects 3.5% of children aged 5–11, 9.7% aged 12–14, and 14.6% aged 15–17. [2]

Bensouda's government has planned an affordable housing project to build 8,000 homes. [25]

Infrastructure

Waste management

The Local Government Act (the Gambia) 2002 gives municipalities the responsibility of waste management. The Environment and Sanitation Unit (ESU), part of KMC's Directorate of Services, is responsible for waste and other environmental health issues. The ESU performs daily street cleaning and market waste collection, collects waste from public facilities, and clears illegal dumps. KMC has no official waste separation or recycling programmes. KMC spends 25% of its budget on waste management. [26]

The Bakoteh Dumpsite is the largest in the country, collecting all waste in the Greater Banjul Area. [26] It was created as part of a defunct mining operation. [27] It is overfilled and does not have modern disposal systems. It is located in a dense area, near Bakoteh, Dippa Kunda, and Manjai Kunda. Its environmental impacts include methane fires, water contamination, and odour. The city hires bulldozers to transport waste to the dump, but it is sometimes blocked from being waterlogged in the rainy season. Many residents of the area around the dumpsite make a living from informal recycling. KMC has planned to establish a new dumpsite and turn the old one into a transfer station. [26] In 2021, it performed a pilot program to compost the organic waste in the dump and convert it to biofuel. [27]

The Mbalit project (meaning waste in Wolof) performs household waste collection. It assigns each ward a garbage truck that collects waste from each household weekly. It uses a digital ticket system to pay for the service. Informal waste collectors use donkey-drawn carts to collect waste from households not covered. [26]

In 2022, KMC estimated that it had 460 tons of waste per day, of which 57.5% is from households, though this data is imprecise. The city has 370 waste management workers, of which 227 are under the ESU and 143 are under the Mbalit project, As of 2022. [26]

Bensouda called waste management his number-one priority as mayor. KMC developed a five-year waste management plan (2017 to 2021) in consultation with the community and the private sector. It focused on public awareness, new waste sorting strategies, expanded household waste collection, job creation, and partnerships with informal waste management. It created the Mbalit project, the first household waste collection programme in the Gambia. [26] With a grant by the European Union, Bensouda launched the Kanifing Environmental Transformation Programme (KETP), which donated waste collection equipment for the initiative. [28] [29] It set up ten communal skip bins and reduced the number of illegal dumpsites from 65 to 17. The programme's success improved the government's image. [26]

Transport

The Gambia Transport Service Company has a bus depot in Kanifing. It runs international buses to Dakar and Bissau. [30] [31]

Bensouda's government has planned an urban bus system with fifty buses and twenty routes. [25]

Education

Kanifing has most of the country's tertiary education institutes, including the University of The Gambia, the American International University West Africa, the Gambia Technical Training Institute, and the Management Development Institute. [32]

Kanifing's library began construction on 18 August 2022. It will be the first municipal library in the country. It is an initiative of Bensouda and the KETP, with funding from te Peterborough City Council in England. The project cost 45 million dalasi. [32]

Sport

The Kanifing Municipal Sports Committee (KM Sport) is one of the Gambia's seven regional sports organisations. Its chairperson, elected from the chairpeople of its constituent district sport committees, represents Kanifing in the National Sports Council. [33]

Sister cities

Kanifing is twinned with: [34]

Madison has provided funding for Kanifing's garbage trucks and its public library. [36]

External websites

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Gambia</span> Country in West Africa

The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. Geographically, The Gambia is the smallest country in continental Africa; it is surrounded by Senegal on all sides except for the western part, which is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banjul</span> Capital of The Gambia

Banjul, officially the City of Banjul, is the capital of The Gambia. It is the centre of the eponymous administrative division which is home to an estimated 400,000 residents, making it The Gambia's largest and most densely populated metropolitan area. The city Banjul is located on St Mary's Island, where the Gambia River enters the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serekunda</span> City in the Gambia

Serekunda or Serrekunda is the largest urban centre in The Gambia. It is situated close to the Atlantic coast, on the Gambia River, near the capital, Banjul. Serekunda and Banjul form an urban area known as the Kombos, with about half of the population of the Gambia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bakau</span> Place in Banjul, The Gambia

Bakau is a town on the Atlantic coast of Gambia, west of Gambia's capital city of Banjul. It is known for its botanical gardens, its crocodile pool Bakau Kachikally and for the beaches at Cape Point. Bakau is the first major suburb outside Banjul and the most developed town in the Gambia. Close to Bakau and Banjul is Gambia's largest city, Serekunda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lower River Division</span> Administrative division of the Gambia

Lower River Division is one of the five administrative divisions of the Gambia. Its capital is Mansa Konko. The city and area council elections were held during April 2002, when Wally S.M. Sanneh, an APRC candidate became the Mayor, winning unopposed. The council was led by Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), which won all the 12 seats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central River Division</span> Administrative division of the Gambia

Central River is the largest of the five administrative divisions of the Gambia. Its capital is Janjanbureh, on MacCarthy Island. The largest settlement is Bansang, with an estimated population in 2008 of 8,381.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Upper River Division</span> Administrative division of the Gambia

Upper River was one of the five Divisions of the Gambia. Its capital was Basse Santa Su. It was subsequently reorganised as the Basse Local Government Area, without any change in the area covered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Coast Division (The Gambia)</span> Administrative division of the Gambia

West Coast Region, originally the Western Division, also known as Foni or Fonyi, was one of the five administrative divisions of the Gambia. Its capital was Brikama. It was subsequently reorganised as the Brikama Local Government Area (LGA), without any change in the area covered.

The Trans-Gambia Highway is a major highway in The Gambia, running across the centre of the nation in a north–south direction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kolkata Municipal Corporation</span> Local civic body in Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) is the local government of the Indian city of Kolkata, the state capital of West Bengal. This civic administrative body administers an area of 206.08 square kilometres (79.57 sq mi). Its motto, Purosri Bibôrd̪ʰon, is inscribed on its emblem in Bengali script. It is headed by a mayor, who presides over 144 councillors, each of whom represents one of the 144 wards of the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Districts of the Gambia</span>

The Gambia is subdivided into 43 districts. They are listed below by Local Government Area, each with its population at the 15 April 2013 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subdivisions of the Gambia</span>

The Gambia is divided into five administrative Regions and one City. The divisions of the Gambia are created by the Independent Electoral Commission in accordance to Article 192 of the National Constitution.

The tourism industry today in the Gambia started when a party of 300 Swedish tourists arrived in 1965. That pioneering trip was organised by a Swede named Bertil Harding together with the tour operators Vingresor. It was seen as an ideal place to escape the harsh winter months of Scandinavia where Europeans would enjoy not only sun, sand and beaches but also experience the excitement of a real African holiday. It also offered a new opening for an affordable holiday to increasing numbers of traveling Europeans.

Pa Amadou Gai is a Gambian football player who currently plays for ASC HLM,

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steve Biko FC</span> Association football club in the Gambia

Steve Biko Football Club is a football club from Bakau in the West African country of the Gambia, located near the capital of Banjul. They play in the GFA League First Division, the top flight of Gambian football. They won the GFA Cup in 2000. While the club qualified for the 2002 CAF Cup, they declined to participate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Gambia–North Korea relations</span> Bilateral relations

The Gambia–North Korea relations refers to the current and historical relationship between The Gambia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), known as North Korea in the Western World. Hong Son-phy is the accredited ambassador to Banjul.

Hawa Sisay-Sabally is a Gambian lawyer who served as Attorney General from 1996 to 1998 and has since spoken out against corruption in The Gambia and represented opposition politicians in criminal cases regarding their participation in pro-democracy protests.

The 1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt began on 30 July 1981 and was quashed in early August following a Senegalese military intervention. The insurrection was carried out by members of the Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party and disaffected staff of the Gambia Field Force. At the time, President Dawda Jawara was in the United Kingdom attending the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer. The failure of the coup precipitated the creation of the Senegambia Confederation in 1982.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latri Kunda</span>

Latri Kunda is part of the Kanifing District, and a suburb of Sere Kunda in The Gambia.

Amie Ndoungou Drammeh Bensouda is a Gambian lawyer and politician. She was the first female Solicitor General of the Gambia and served as Attorney General and Minister of Justice following the 1994 coup that brought Yahya Jammeh to power. Bensouda is a member of the London Institute of Chartered Arbitrators (CIArB) and a trained mediator. She was also two-term President of the Gambia Bar Association. She is the mother of the current mayor of KMC, Talib Ahmed Bensouda.

References

  1. ↑ "Population and Housing Census of Gambia, 2013". Gambia Data Portal. 1 June 2015. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "The 2023 Gambia Statistical Abstract". Gambia Data Portal. 1 June 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  3. ↑ Jabai, Sailu Bah Saikou Suwareh (2 March 2015). ""Sayerr Jobe's name cannot be easily forgotten" Says a descendant". Foroyaa . Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hughes, Arnold; Perfect, David (31 December 2006). "Social and Economic Setting". A Political History of the Gambia, 1816-1994. Boydell and Brewer. pp. 6–40. doi:10.1515/9781580466820-006. ISBN   978-1-58046-682-0. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mayors Dialogue on Growth and Solidarity: City profile: Kanifing, The Gambia (Report). ODI. 15 December 2020.
  6. ↑ "1 Peasants by Other Means: (Im)mobility and the Making of a Village Mooring", Bush Bound, Berghahn Books, p. 56, 31 December 2015, doi: 10.1515/9781805390220-006 , ISBN   978-1-80539-022-0
  7. 1 2 3 "Population and Housing Census of Gambia, 2013". Gambia Data Portal. 1 June 2015. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  8. ↑ The Gambia: Kanifing Urban Profile (PDF). UN Habitat. ISBN   978-92-1-132380-1.
  9. ↑ Kebbeh, Abou; Dsane-Aidoo, Paul; Sanyang, Kawsu; Darboe, Sheriffo M. K.; Fofana, Nuha; Ameme, Donne; Sanyang, Abdoulie M.; Darboe, Kalifa Sanneh; Darboe, Saffiatou; Sanneh, Bakary; Kenu, Ernest; Anto, Francis (25 October 2023). "Antibiotics susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic bacteria: a cross-sectional analytic study at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia". BMC Infectious Diseases. 23 (1): 723. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08373-y . ISSN   1471-2334. PMC   10599079 . PMID   37880663.
  10. ↑ "2. Gambia's Local Languages", Local Languaging, Literacy and Multilingualism in a West African Society, Multilingual Matters, p. 35, 31 December 2015, doi:10.21832/9781783094219-004, ISBN   978-1-78309-421-9, archived from the original on 28 August 2024, retrieved 28 August 2024
  11. ↑ Population and Housing Census 2003 (Report). 2003. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  12. ↑ Directory of settlements (PDF). Gambia Bureau of Statistics (Report). 1993. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2013.
  13. 1 2 Kinteh, Bakary; Bass, Paul (1 December 2023). "Prevalence and factors associated with occupational injuries among building construction workers in the Gambia". Injury Prevention . 29 (6): 500–505. doi:10.1136/ip-2023-044958. ISSN   1353-8047. PMC   10715471 . PMID   37549985. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  14. ↑ "Council Members". Kanifing Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  15. 1 2 "Subdivisions of KMC". Kanifing Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  16. 1 2 "UDP celebrates success in LG election". The Point . 22 May 2023. Archived from the original on 27 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  17. ↑ Sillah, Nyima (31 March 2023). "Re-Election of Mayor Bensouda, 'the Best is yet to come- Lawyer Martin". The Voice. Archived from the original on 27 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  18. ↑ Manneh, Alagie (26 June 2020). "Talib Bensouda Mayor, Kanifing municipality". The Standard. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  19. ↑ Sheriff Janko, Saloum (13 September 2024). "Bensouda pays homage to ex-Mayor Yankuba Colley as he signs condolence book". The Point (the Gambia) . Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  20. ↑ "Binta Janneh Jallow: Who is the new deputy KM mayor". Fatu Network. 26 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  21. ↑ Bah, Omar (21 February 2024). "Police Say Most Crimes Committed by Foreigners". The Standard. Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  22. ↑ "New CMC For KMC-First Time In The History Of The Gambia Police Force". Fatu Network. 5 July 2017. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  23. ↑ Ceesay, Landing (10 February 2023). "Access To Justice: Judiciary Inaugurates New Court Complex In Bundung". Kerr Fatou. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  24. ↑ Foley, Edmund Amarkwei (1 April 2012). "From Old Jeshwang to Kanifing : improving children's access to justice in The Gambia - challenges and prospects". Article 40. 14 (1). Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  25. 1 2 Bobb, Cherno Omar (14 October 2022). "KMC to introduce urban transport system, housing project". The Point . Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kumar, Claire; Bailey-Morley, Anna; Kargbo, Eugenia; Sanyang, Lamin (2022). Case study: Kanifing Municipal Council (Report). ODI. pp. 32–42. Archived from the original on 11 September 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  27. 1 2 Magoum, Inès (29 July 2021). "GAMBIA: Kanifing to convert organic waste into fertiliser and biomass". Afrik 21. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  28. ↑ Magoum, Inès (24 October 2022). "GAMBIA: EU grants €3 million for solid waste management in Kanifing". Afrik 21. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  29. ↑ Jaiteh, Binta (14 October 2022). "KMC Launches 3 million euros Environmental Transformation Project". The Voice. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  30. ↑ Nyockeh, Abdoulie (10 August 2017). "GTSC launches new Banjul-Dakar Service". The Point . Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  31. ↑ Nyockeh, Abdoulie (3 April 2017). "GTSC launches Gambia-Bissau international transport service". The Point . Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  32. 1 2 Marong, Mariama (19 August 2022). "KMC Mayor Launches D45 Million Modern Library Project". Foroyaa. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  33. ↑ Camara, Pascal Mamudou (2024). "The Gambia". In Hallmann, Kirstin; Heikkinen, Suvi; Vehmas, Hanna (eds.). Management of Sport Organizations at the Crossroad of Responsibility and Sustainability. Sports Economics, Management and Policy. Vol. 25. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. p. 176. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52489-9_15. ISBN   978-3-031-52488-2. Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  34. ↑ "Twinning". Kanifing Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  35. ↑ Branston, John (10 July 2006). "Memphis' Sister Cities". Memphis Flyer. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  36. ↑ Garton, Nicholas (24 October 2019). "Madison to help build first public library in Gambian sister city Kanifing". The Capital Times . Archived from the original on 28 August 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.