L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase

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L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
Identifiers
EC no. 1.1.99.2
CAS no. 9028-80-2
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In enzymology, an L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Contents

(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate and acceptor, whereas its two products are 2-oxoglutarate and reduced acceptor. [1] [2] Enzymes which preferentially catalyze the conversion of the (R) stereoisomer of 2-oxoglutarate also exist in both mammals and plants [3] [4] and are named D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. L-2-hydroxyglutarate is produced by promiscuous action of malate dehydrogenase on 2-oxoglutarate; L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is an example of a metabolite repair enzyme that oxidizes L-2-hydroxyglutarate back to 2-oxoglutarate.

Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include:

Clinical significance

Deficiency in this enzyme in humans (L2HGDH) or in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (At3g56840) leads to accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate. In humans this results in the fatal neurometabolic disorder 2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria whereas plants seem to be unaffected by elevated cellular concentrations of this compound [1] [2] [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

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In enzymology, a D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Metabolite damage can occur through enzyme promiscuity or spontaneous chemical reactions. Many metabolites are chemically reactive and unstable and can react with other cell components or undergo unwanted modifications. Enzymatically or chemically damaged metabolites are always useless and often toxic. To prevent toxicity that can occur from the accumulation of damaged metabolites, organisms have damage-control systems that:

  1. Reconvert damaged metabolites to their original, undamaged form
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  3. Prevent damage from happening by limiting the build-up of reactive, but non-damaged metabolites that can lead to harmful products

References

  1. 1 2 Rzem R, Van Schaftingen E, Veiga-da-Cunha M (Jan 2006). "The gene mutated in l-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria encodes l-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase". Biochimie. 88 (1): 113–6. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2005.06.005. PMID   16005139.
  2. 1 2 Hüdig M, Maier A, Scherrers I, Seidel L, Jansen EE, Mettler-Altmann T, Engqvist MK, Maurino VG (Sep 2015). "Plants Possess a Cyclic Mitochondrial Metabolic Pathway similar to the Mammalian Metabolic Repair Mechanism Involving Malate Dehydrogenase and l-2-Hydroxyglutarate Dehydrogenase". Plant & Cell Physiology. 56 (9): 1820–30. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcv108 . PMID   26203119.
  3. Achouri Y, Noël G, Vertommen D, Rider MH, Veiga-Da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E (Jul 2004). "Identification of a dehydrogenase acting on D-2-hydroxyglutarate". The Biochemical Journal. 381 (Pt 1): 35–42. doi:10.1042/BJ20031933. PMC   1133759 . PMID   15070399.
  4. Engqvist M, Drincovich MF, Flügge UI, Maurino VG (Sep 2009). "Two D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenases in Arabidopsis thaliana with catalytic capacities to participate in the last reactions of the methylglyoxal and beta-oxidation pathways". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (37): 25026–37. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.021253 . PMC   2757207 . PMID   19586914.
  5. Rzem R, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Noël G, Goffette S, Nassogne MC, Tabarki B, Schöller C, Marquardt T, Vikkula M, Van Schaftingen E (Nov 2004). "A gene encoding a putative FAD-dependent L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is mutated in L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (48): 16849–54. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10116849R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0404840101 . PMC   534725 . PMID   15548604.

Further reading