Lemon-bellied white-eye

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Lemon-bellied white-eye
Yellow-bellied White-eye (Zosterops chloris).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Zosteropidae
Genus: Zosterops
Species:
Z. chloris
Binomial name
Zosterops chloris
Bonaparte, 1850

The lemon-bellied white-eye (Zosterops chloris) is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs on a number of islands from the Sunda Strait to the Aru Islands. It is present on several of the Lesser Sunda Islands as well as on parts of Sulawesi, as well as many smaller islands, but is absent from the larger islands of Borneo, Java, Sumatra and Timor. Currently (May 2017), HBW describes five sub-species of lemon-bellied white-eye. [2] However, the extensive distribution of Z. c. intermedius (including S. Sulawesi, SE. Sulawesi, C. Lesser Sundas and small islands in between) is likely to contain more than one reproductively isolated population (cf. Z.c. intermedius and Z. c. flavissimus, with the latter now considered a distinct species, the Wakatobi white-eye (Z. flavissimus). [3]

The lemon-bellied white-eye's natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. On the islands of Buton and Kabaena the lemon-bellied white-eye appears limited to coastal regions, perhaps as a result of competition with the pale-bellied white-eye. Observations from Buton suggest that the lemon-bellied white-eye prefers more disturbed habitats. [4] Their diet consists of invertebrates, fruits, and nectar. They have strong dark grey legs, a dark colored beak, and generally range in size from 11–12 cm. They are a yellow-olive color on the dorsal side, with characteristic bright yellow underparts.

Related Research Articles

<i>Zosterops</i> Genus of birds

Zosterops is a genus of passerine birds containing the typical white-eyes in the white-eye family Zosteropidae. The genus has the largest number of species in the white-eye family. They occur in the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and Australasian realms. Typical white-eyes have a length of between 8 and 15 cm. Their most characteristic feature is a conspicuous white feather ring around the eye, though some species lack it. The species in this group vary in the structural adaptations of the tongue. The Zosterops [griseotinctus] group is an example of a "great speciator" inhabiting a vast area and showing a remarkable morphological differentiation on islands, some of which maybe as close as 2 km (1.2 mi) apart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-ringed white-eye</span> Species of bird

The black-ringed white-eye or lemon-throated white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-crowned white-eye</span> Species of bird

The black-crowned white-eye is a songbird species. It is closely related to the Old World babblers, and its family Zosteropidae might better be included in the Tiimalidae. Its subspecies from the Sulawesi region might warrant recognition as distinct species Z. subatrifrons. The Sangihe white-eye and the Seram white-eye were formerly included in Z. atrifrons, as is still, on occasion, the black-fronted white-eye.

The Buru white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Indonesian islands, including the island of Buru which gives its name. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The species occupy an area of larger than 20,000 km2 and is thought to have a stable population of above 10,000, and thus are not considered as threatened.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashy-bellied white-eye</span> Species of bird

The ashy-bellied white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae found in the Lesser Sunda Islands and northern Cape York Peninsula. It is sometimes called the pale white-eye or pale-bellied white-eye, but should not be confused with the pale-bellied white-eye.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pale-bellied white-eye</span> Species of bird

The pale-bellied white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to SE Sulawesi in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. The species has a limited distribution and also appears to be sensitive to human disturbance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capped white-eye</span> Species of bird

The capped white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitat is in subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It has a white eye ring, round wings, and strong legs. The capped white-eyes are sociable and live in large flocks. The Oya Tabu white-eye of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands was formerly considered a subspecies, but is now thought to be a distinct species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pearl-bellied white-eye</span> Species of bird

The pearl-bellied white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is native to the Kai Islands in Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambon white-eye</span> Species of bird

The Ambon white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Indonesia.

The Gizo white-eye or yellow-billed white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malagasy white-eye</span> Species of bird

The Malagasy white-eye is a species of bird in the white-eye family, Zosteropidae. Found in Madagascar and Seychelles, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayotte white-eye</span> Species of bird

The Mayotte white-eye or chestnut-sided white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is now found only on Mayotte in the Comoro Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biak white-eye</span> Species of bird

The Biak white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the islands of Biak and Supiori in West Papua, Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christmas white-eye</span> Species of bird

The Christmas white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Christmas Island. Its natural habitats are tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is threatened by habitat destruction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Papuan white-eye</span> Species of bird

The Papuan white-eye, sometimes known as the New Guinea white-eye, is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is found in the Aru Islands and New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The species was first classified in 1878, and has a conservation status of Least Concern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heuglin's white-eye</span> Species of bird

Heuglin's white-eye, also known as the Ethiopian white-eye, is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is found in north-eastern and eastern Africa, primarily in Ethiopia and Kenya. Its natural habitats range from subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, to subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, plantations, and rural gardens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-bellied white-eye</span> Species of bird

The golden-bellied white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is native to the Kai Islands in Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Togian white-eye</span> Species of bird

The Togian white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sangkar white-eye</span> Species of bird

The sangkar white-eye is a bird species in the family Zosteropidae. It is also known as the Sunda white-eye. It is found in forested habitats on the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali. In Java it is typically found at elevations between 200–1,600 m (660–5,250 ft), but it sometimes occurs at lower elevations as well.

The Wakatobi white-eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it is known only from the Wakatobi Islands off SE Sulawesi. It can be distinguished from most other Indonesian white-eyes by its bright yellow belly. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the lemon-bellied white-eye, but it was long known to be reproductively isolated from the rest of the species, and a 2019 genetic study found it to be a distinct species.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2018). "Zosterops chloris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22714085A132105416. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22714085A132105416.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. van Balen, S (2008). Family Zosteropidae (White-eyes). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Penduline-tits to Shrikes. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 402–485. ISBN   9788496553453.
  3. Marples, Nicola M.; Analuddin, Kangkuso; Karya, Adi; Marcaigh, Fionn Ó; O’Brien, Katie; Lawless, Naomi; Kelly, David J.; O’Connell, Darren P. (2019). "A sympatric pair of undescribed white-eye species (Aves: Zosteropidae: Zosterops) with different origins". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 186 (3): 701–724. doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz022 .
  4. Martin, Thomas Edward; Blackburn, George Alan (2010). "Impacts of Tropical Forest Disturbance Upon Avifauna on a Small Island with High Endemism: Implications for Conservation". Conservation and Society. 8 (2): 127–39. doi: 10.4103/0972-4923.68914 . hdl: 10535/6336 .