香港大學李嘉誠醫學院 | |
Motto | Strength From Diversity |
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Type | Public |
Established | 1 October 1887 |
President | Xiang Zhang |
Dean | Lau Chak-sing |
Undergraduates | 2,900 (2021) [1] |
Postgraduates | 1,700 (2021) [1] |
Address | 21 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam , |
Affiliations | Queen Mary Hospital Ruttonjee Hospital Kowloon Hospital Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Gleneagles Hong Kong Hospital Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital |
Website | med.hku.hk |
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine | |||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 香港大學李嘉誠醫學院 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 香港大学李嘉诚医学院 | ||||||||||
Literal meaning | University of Hong Kong Li Ka-shing Medical School | ||||||||||
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HKUMed | |||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 港大醫學院 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 港大医学院 | ||||||||||
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The HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,branded as HKUMed and formerly named as the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong,is the medical school of the University of Hong Kong,a public research university.
The school consists of several schools and departments that provide tertiary programmes in medicine,nursing,pharmacy and Chinese medicine. English is the medium of instruction for all classes,while Chinese is retained for the teaching of Chinese medicine. It is located several kilometres away from the university's main campus and is near the Queen Mary Hospital,which is its main teaching facility and research base. Founded in 1887,it is also one of the oldest western medical schools in the Far East.
HKUMed is the older of the two medical faculties in Hong Kong,the other one being the Faculty of Medicine,The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Together,they are the sole two tertiary institutions offering medical and pharmacy education and research in the city.
The London Missionary Society founded the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese in 1887. [2] Kai Ho,James Cantlie,Patrick Manson and G. P. Jordan were the founding professionals. [3] Important initiatives[ clarification needed ] were led by notable members such as Patrick Manson,an experienced medical practitioner who made his name in the field of tropical medicine. Having served in the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs as a medical officer for 18 years,he took up private practice in Hong Kong from 1883 to 1889. Sir Kai Ho Kai was also a member of the Chinese elite in colonial Hong Kong. [4] He played a major role in convincing the Chinese population that western medicine was acceptable in a culture that had been largely dominated by traditional Chinese medicine.
In 1907,the school was renamed the Hong Kong College of Medicine. [5] In 1908,it was authorised to sign death certificates. [6] The nucleus of the school would later create the foundation for the new University of Hong Kong (HKU) in 1910. Chinese society at the time was not quite ready for western medicine;as a result,many of the college's medical graduates had difficulty finding employment. [5]
The college was merged to become the medical school of HKU in 1911,[ citation needed ] one of the university's first faculties.[ citation needed ] The establishment of the Queen Mary Hospital in 1937 brought the faculty a major clinical teaching and research base.[ citation needed ] However,the Japanese occupation of the city during the Second World War disrupted teaching,and many staff and students were imprisoned.[ citation needed ] Following the end of the war,it reopened and soon became an important training centre of clinicians in the city,with many departments and schools in healthcare and medical sciences opened.
Important milestones of the medical school include being the world's first team to successfully identify the SARS coronavirus,the causative agent of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak,on 21 March 2003. [7] This was followed by the visit of Wen Jiabao to the faculty acknowledging the institute's contribution,the first time a premier of China had visited a university in Hong Kong. [8] Moreover,a State Key laboratory for emerging infectious diseases was established,[ when? ] the first of its kind located outside mainland China. [8] The faculty launched a Bachelor of Pharmacy programme in 2008,being the second and of two institutions in the city offering pharmacy education. [8]
As of 2024,HKUMed offers seven undergraduate degree programmes: [9]
Medical graduates are awarded the M.B.,B.S.;the equivalent degree offered by the faculty of medicine at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is the M.B.,Ch.B. Both degrees are based on the UK model for medical degrees. HKUMed also provides various postgraduate programmes,including postgraduate diplomas,master's and doctoral degrees.
In July 2024,HKUMed revealed plans to establish a graduate medical programme,which would cover the content of the normal six-year undergraduate curriculum within a study period of four years. The first cohort could be admitted as early as 2025,dependent on approval by local health authorities. The faculty also expressed confidence that it could increase its annual intake of medical students from 295 to 400 students,amid Hong Kong's long-standing shortage of doctors. [10] The announcement is seen as efforts to compete for talent, [10] [11] and had followed news a few days earlier that the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology was in talks with Imperial College London about establishing and jointly operating the city's third medical school,which would also admit students with an undergraduate degree. [10] [12] Two days after HKUMed's announcement,CUHK's medical school similarly announced plans to introduce a graduate medical programme. [11]
HKUMed is mainly organised into five schools and one department,as of August 2024 [update] : [13]
The School of Clinical Medicine further consists of 14 departments,as of August 2024 [update] : [14]
During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, the faculty's dean, Lam Shiu-kum, publicly criticised the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH) and its associated medical school of The Chinese University of Hong Kong for their alleged poor handling of the outbreak. As PWH was at the centre of the outbreak, Lam wrote in a letter to the South China Morning Post (SCMP): [15] [16]
"Why was the index of suspicion so low in Hong Kong, the acuity of judgment so raw, the sense of infection control so weak and the mechanism for instituting isolation so rusty? It took the Prince of Wales two weeks to decide to ban visitors to its wards." [16]
In response via a letter to the SCMP, more than one hundred doctors from the PWH refuted his claims and called for unity. They wrote that they found it "objectionable and distressing to be subjected to such accusations" and that such criticisms had been "very damaging to the morale of the frontline staff" at the hospital, adding that they had been under extreme stress for more than four weeks. [15] [16]
Lo Wing-lok, president of The Hong Kong Medical Association, said that "this type of mud-slinging was unhelpful" and that "we did not have the benefit of hindsight when we were facing this catastrophe". [16] Similarly, Ho Shiu-wei, Chief Executive of the Hospital Authority, said that Lam's accusations were easy in hindsight. [17] Both attributed the criticisms to the long-standing rivalry between the two medical schools and their teaching hospitals, and called for solidarity and collaboration. [16] [17]
As one of the founding faculties of the University of Hong Kong, the Faculty of Medicine changed to its present name after securing a pledge of a HK$1 billion donation from businessman and philanthropist Li Ka-shing under the funding of Li Ka Shing Foundation. The renaming was objected to by many students and prominent alumni of the faculty. [18] [19] Despite this, the university officially renamed the faculty on 1 January 2006.
In January 2007, the University of Hong Kong (HKU) set up an inquiry committee after receiving complaints "relating to certain billing arrangements in respect of private patients of a clinical department of the university". [20] In March amid the investigation, the faculty's dean, Lam Shiu-kum, abruptly resigned, citing "personal reasons". [20] [21] HKU acknowledged that Lam's resignation was a "highly unusual" event.[ citation needed ]
HKU was questioned by legislator Kwok Ka-ki on why it had earned only slightly more at its Queen Mary Hospital (QMH) than The Chinese University of Hong Kong did at their Prince of Wales Hospital, despite conducting three times more operations a year. [22] In an article published by the South China Morning Post in March 2007, an anonymous medical source familiar with the faculty's operation said that there had long been a lack of monitoring and transparency concerning the faculty's billing of private services. The source was reported saying, "[f]or example, the surgical department alone can make more than HK$10 million a year. But for years frontline doctors are not told where the money goes, it is a black hole". [21]
In September 2009, Lam was sentenced to 25 months in jail after pleading guilty to misconduct in public office. Between 2003 and 2007, Lam had induced 12 of his patients at QMH to pay what appeared to be medical bills issued by the university and the hospital, but were payable to Gastrointestinal Research, a company wholly owned by Lam. The payments totalled HK$130,000. [23] [24] Lam had also asked three patients to make HK$3.8 million in donations to medical research, which he then pocketed. [24] [25] In passing sentence, judge Li Hon-leung said that although the patients' well-being was not compromised, [25] Lam had seriously breached the trust of both the faculty and his patients, and had attempted to cover up his misconduct. [24] [25] The judge said he had taken into account 22 letters that spoke highly of Lam's character and contributions to medicine, including one from former Chief Executive, Tung Chee-hwa, [24] [26] who Lam was personal physician for. [26] Setting a starting point of five years jail, the judge deducted 35 months for Lam's guilty plea, his good character, and the fact that he had repaid all the money, leaving 25 months. [25] Prosecutors were advised by the Secretary of Justice not to proceed with 33 charges of fraud and theft, which were thus left on file. [24] [25] [26]
After the scandal, HKU introduced 16 measures to eliminate loopholes concerning the billing of private patients by faculty staff. [26] In August 2010, Lam was released early from prison after serving 11 months of his 25-month sentence, but was required to live under supervision in a correctional services hostel for six months. [27]
Hong Kong College of Medicine
Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
The University of Hong Kong (HKU) is a public research university in Pokfulam, Hong Kong. It was founded in 1887 as the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese by the London Missionary Society and formally established as the University of Hong Kong in 1911. It is the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong.
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public research university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Sir Ka-shing Li is a Hong Kong billionaire business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is the senior advisor for CK Hutchison Holdings and CK Asset Holdings, after he retired from the Chairman of the Board in May 2018; through it, he is a port investor, developer, and operator of the largest health and beauty retailer in Asia and Europe. As of July 2023, Li is the 33rd richest person in the world, with an estimated net wealth of US$37.7 billion.
Prince of Wales Hospital is a regional acute government hospital located in Sha Tin, New Territories in Hong Kong. It is also a teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK).
The Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK) is a public university in Ting Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Arthur Li Kwok-cheung, GBM, GBS JP is a Hong Kong doctor and politician. He is currently member of the Executive Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the chairman of the Council of the University of Hong Kong (HKU). He was Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) from 1996 to 2002 and Secretary for Education and Manpower from 2002 to 2007. Li’s dictatorial and ruthless leadership style led some to refer to him as "King Arthur" and even "the Tsar". He is the grandson of the co-founder of the Bank of East Asia, Li Koon-chun, and brother of its current chairman, David Li. He was awarded the Grand Bauhinia Medal (GBM) by the Hong Kong SAR Government in 2017.
Before the handover of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997, medical education in this former British colony traditionally and exclusively followed the path of western medicine. Faculties of Medicine were modelled after those in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, and only doctors trained in western medicine were considered "formal" and "reliable". Chinese medicine practitioners had no formal status at that time. However, after the return of the territory to China, the practice of traditional Chinese medicine was further regulated and schools of Chinese Medicine were set up within some of the government-funded tertiary institutions in Hong Kong. The first school of its kind, the School of Chinese Medicine at Hong Kong Baptist University, was established in 1998. Currently, there are two faculties with academic programmes in western medicine and three schools of Chinese Medicine in the territory.
Modern medical education in Hong Kong started in 1887 with the founding of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese. Six institutes of higher education are currently engaged in the training of medical practitioners in Hong Kong.
Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, or HKSH, is a private hospital established in 1922 in Happy Valley, Hong Kong.
The Li Ka Shing Foundation is a Hong Kong-based charitable organization founded in 1980 by Hong Kong entrepreneur Li Ka-shing.
Joseph Sung Jao-yiu is a Hong Kong physician and gastroenterologist, and the current dean of Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU), also serving as the Senior Vice President of NTU. Previously, he was the vice-chancellor and president of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK).
Gabriel Matthew Leung is a Hong Kong physician and epidemiologist, currently serving as the executive director of the Hong Kong Jockey Club. From 2013 to 2022, he was the longest-serving dean of medicine at the University of Hong Kong, where he was also the inaugural Helen and Francis Zimmern Professor in Population Health. Formerly, he was Hong Kong's first undersecretary for food and health and fifth director of the Office of the Chief Executive at the Government of Hong Kong.
The Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, branded as CU Medicine, is the medical school of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a public research university. Established in 1981 as Hong Kong's second medical school, the faculty consists of five schools offering undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, including in the fields of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and traditional Chinese medicine. The Prince of Wales Hospital is the faculty's teaching facility and base of research. CUHK is a bilingual university; in general, courses are taught in English and/or Chinese.
Dennis Lo Yuk-ming is a Hong Kong molecular biologist, best known for his contributions to the development of non-invasive prenatal testing. His research focuses on the detection of cell-free fetal DNA in blood plasma.
Emily Ying Yang Chan, MH, is a clinical humanitarian doctor and global academic expert in public health and humanitarian medicine based in Hong Kong. She was appointed CEO of the GX Foundation in 2019. She is concurrently Assistant Dean and Professor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Professor at the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Director at the Centre for Global Health (CGH), Director of the Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), Director of the Centre of Excellence (ICoE-CCOUC) of Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR), Visiting Professor of Public Health Medicine at the Oxford University Nuffield Department of Medicine, Fellow at Harvard University FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Honorary Professor at University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, and Fellow at Hong Kong Academy of Medicine.
Sophia Chan Siu-chee is a Hong Kong professor and politician. She served as Secretary for Food and Health from 2017 to 2022.
David Todd was a Hong Kong haematologist, the founding president of the Hong Kong College of Physicians and the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine. He was best known for transforming medical education and training in Hong Kong.
Chak Sing Lau is a Hong Kong rheumatologist. He is the current Dean of Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong (HKU), the Daniel CK Yu Professor in Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Chair Professor of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology. Previously, he was the Chairperson of the Department of Medicine at HKU, the Chief of Service (Medicine) of Queen Mary Hospital, and the President of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine.
Sum Ping Lee is an Chinese physician and gastroenterologist who served as the 39th Dean of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine at the University of Hong Kong, between 2008 and 2013. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at the Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine.
Francis Ka Leung Chan is a Hong Kong gastroenterologist. He is the former Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and the Choh-Ming Li Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics. Previously, he was the Associate Dean (Clinical) of CUHK Faculty of Medicine and the director of the Institute of Digestive Disease at CUHK.
Scientists at Hong Kong University had previously announced, on 21 March, the isolation of a new virus that was strongly suspected to be the causative agent of SARS. (5th paragraph)
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