Background
Rumours of a leadership spill had continuously followed the Liberal Party for two years due to their poor performance in polls across all major news companies, with a motion for a spill being requested but ultimately defeated in February 2015. Following the February spill vote, Abbott delivered a speech to the members calling for their support and promised to consult more with backbench MPs. [5] In this speech, as a follow-up to the poorly-received 2014 budget, Abbott made a new commitment to further cut tax rates for small businesses, promised that the 2015 budget would leave families better off and agreed to reduce the role his chief of staff Peta Credlin played in the government. [6] After the Liberal Party meeting concluded, Abbott made a televised statement in which he said that "The Liberal Party has dealt with the spill motion and now this matter is behind us". [5] Michelle Grattan, writing in The Conversation , argued that the "narrow margin" of the vote left Abbott "deeply vulnerable to later destabilisation". [7] News Limited journalist Malcolm Farr wrote that Abbott had been "given, at best, a stay of execution". [8] In May, information was leaked about citizenship changes. [9] In August, daily talking points for ministers were leaked to Fairfax Media, which included that 'cabinet was functioning well'. [10]
The 2014 Australian federal budget was the federal budget to fund government services and operations for the 2014/15 financial year. The 2014 budget was the first delivered by the Abbott Government, since the Coalition's victory in the 2013 Australian federal election. Treasurer Joe Hockey presented the budget to the House of Representatives on 13 May 2014.
The 2015 Australian federal budget was the federal budget to fund government services and operations for the 2015/16 financial year. The 2015 budget is the second and last submitted by the Abbott Government, since the Coalition's victory in the 2013 Australian federal election. Treasurer Joe Hockey presented the budget to the House of Representatives on 12 May 2015.
Peta-Louise Mary Credlin is an Australian political commentator and former public servant who served as chief of staff to Prime Minister Tony Abbott from September 2013 to September 2015. She was previously chief of staff to Abbott as Leader of the Opposition. Since 2016, she has been the host of Credlin and co-host of Jones & Co on Sky News Live.
Abbott was perceived as extremely gaffe-prone. [11] Just days before losing the prime ministership, he was captured on footage laughing out loud in response to a joke made by minister Peter Dutton about climate change. Both were immediately drawn to the attention of the microphone and cringed, and when later pressed by the media with the footage shown, both refused to confirm or deny what was said. [12]
A political gaffe is an error made by a politician.
Peter Craig Dutton is an Australian Liberal Party politician serving as Home Affairs Minister in the Morrison Government, and has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dickson since 2001. Dutton served as Minister for Health and Sport from 2013 to 2014, and Immigration Minister from 2014 to 2017 in the Abbott and Turnbull Government.
Also of concern was the loss of their state government counterparts at the 2014 Victorian election and particularly the 2015 Queensland election. In South Australia, the rival Labor government went from minority to majority government after a surprise win at the 2014 Fisher by-election, several months after the Liberal opposition's fourth consecutive loss following the 2014 South Australian election. In addition, multiple polls predicted a double-digit two-party swing at the 2015 Canning by-election against the Abbott Government, which may have sparked a realisation in the Abbott Government that a lack of voter support was becoming entrenched. [13] Under Turnbull the Liberal candidate retained the seat for his party despite having to rely on preferences after suffering a primary and two-party swing. [14]
The Australian Labor Party is a major centre-left political party in Australia. The party has been in opposition at the federal level since the 2013 election. Bill Shorten has been the party's federal parliamentary leader since 13 October 2013. The party is a federal party with branches in each state and territory. Labor is in government in the states of Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and in both the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. The party competes against the Liberal/National Coalition for political office at the federal and state levels. It is the oldest political party in Australia.
Abbott's proposal to take marriage equality to a non-binding plebiscite in 2017 may have encouraged conservative Liberals to support Turnbull in the spill on the understanding that Turnbull would honour that commitment. [15]
On Friday 11 September, Simon Benson published a leak from a "senior source" that a Cabinet reshuffle would dump up to six ministers. [16] [17] Turnbull said that the leak was a "[Peta] Credlin special" and rallied supporters to support a leadership challenge. [16] That day, Deputy Government Whip Andrew Nikolic sent Turnbull a letter on Abbott's behalf asking Turnbull to publicly rule out a leadership challenge. Turnbull refused on the grounds that this would only fuel speculation. [18]
A meeting held on Sunday 13 September at the home of Dr Peter Hendy, attended by Malcolm Turnbull, Wyatt Roy, Arthur Sinodinos, Mitch Fifield, Mal Brough, James McGrath and Scott Ryan, and Julie Bishop's chief of staff, Murray Hansen. [19]
However, on Monday 14 September, anonymous sources confirmed in the early morning to news companies that Turnbull, then Minister for Communications, was planning to try and oust Tony Abbott. Abbott brushed off rumours of a leadership spill in the morning, [20] but was unable to secure the verbal support of both Turnbull and Bishop. [21] At around midday, Bishop had a conversation with Tony Abbott where she told him that he had "lost the backing of the majority of the party room and the majority of the cabinet". [16] The Sydney Morning Herald reports that Abbott offered the job of deputy to Scott Morrison, who turned it down due to the leaks that Joe Hockey would be dumped as Treasurer. [16] Andrews, who had previously been the target of a leak, [17] was a conservative candidate for deputy.
At 4 pm AEST, Turnbull held a press conference where he announced that he would be launching a challenge to Abbott's leadership, believing that the Prime Minister had "not been capable of providing the economic leadership" that Australia and business needed. Turnbull stated that a "style of leadership that respects the people's intelligence" was needed. [22] He also cited that Prime Minister Abbott had lost 30 consecutive Newspolls for preferred Prime Minister, a statement he later regretted because it became a focus point. [23] Shorten held a news conference later and stated that a change of leader of the Liberal party would not change the policies. [1] After formally launching his challenge, Abbott held a press conference two hours later at 6:15 pm AEST to confirm that a leadership vote would be happening that evening. [1] [2]
Abbott is the shortest-serving Australian Prime Minister since William McMahon [24] [25] [26] and aside from Kevin Rudd's second incarnation which lasted for three months in 2013.
Endorsements prior to vote by Liberal MPs
Prior to the vote some MPs had publicly announced whom they intended to vote for.
- Tony Abbott
At 6:30 pm AEST, Joe Hockey addressed the press, describing Turnbull's claims as unfounded, listing the Government's economic achievements and expressing his loyalty to the Prime Minister. [27]
At around 6:50 pm AEST, Peter Dutton and Mathias Cormann confirmed on Sky News that they would be supporting Abbott in the spill motion. [3] [4]
Liberal members, Craig Kelly and Ian Goodenough announced on Twitter their support for Abbott. [28]
Kevin Andrews, Eric Abetz, Cory Bernardi, Josh Frydenberg, Andrew Nikolic and Scott Morrison announced during the lead up to the vote that they supported Tony Abbott. [27] [29]
- Malcolm Turnbull
Early in the day Bishop as Deputy Leader informed Abbott that he did not have her confidence and she would support Turnbull. [21]
Wyatt Roy stated to a 2GB radio host that he would be supporting Turnbull. [30]
Arthur Sinodinos announced that he would support Turnbull in the spill motion. [28]
Christopher Pyne, George Brandis, Mitch Fifield, Marise Payne and Simon Birmingham announced throughout the night that they would support Turnbull. [27]
Vote
At around 8:35 pm AEST, chief government whip Scott Buchholz announced on Twitter that the party meeting would commence at 9:15 pm. [31]
Turnbull won the spill motion with 54 votes to Abbott's 44. [4] There were a total of 99 Liberal MPs and senators who participated in the vote, one member voted informally. [32]
Bishop won the position of Deputy Leader with 70 votes, to Andrews' 30 votes. [3] 100 members participated in the vote for Deputy Leader, the member who voted informally in the election for leader voted formally and Senator Michael Ronaldson arrived in time for the vote. [32] With Turnbull's second incarnation as leader, Bishop who has been deputy leader since 2007 has retained this position for a fourth leadership cycle.
Turnbull's victory occurred two days shy of the seventh anniversary since his first election as leader on 16 September 2008 when he defeated Brendan Nelson. [33] [34] [35] In the eight years after the Howard government was defeated, the Liberal Party endured five separate leadership elections. [36] The change of Prime Minister also means that Australia has had five Prime Ministers in six years. [37] After the September 2015 spill, Tara Miko, writing for the Chronicle, attributed a sense of voter apathy to the frequency with which prime ministers are changed by politicians rather than elections. [36] Turnbull is the first former Opposition Leader (in contrast to a sitting one) to become Prime Minister.
Aftermath
Malcolm Turnbull
At 10:40 pm AEST Turnbull and Bishop addressed the press, acknowledging the debt the party owed to Tony Abbott and the Abbott Government's achievements. Turnbull will not go to an early election to seek a mandate from the people. The Turnbull Government will maintain the climate change targets that the Abbott Government committed to. Bishop will continue as Foreign Minister in the Turnbull Government. [3]
Julie Bishop
In addition to addressing the press on the evening of 14 September, Bishop was interviewed by Channel 9 on the morning of 15 September. On the morning of 15 September, Bishop stated that Abbott had asked for six months to turn things around and that seven months later, the majority of the party room felt that had not occurred. [38]
John Howard
Former Liberal Prime Minister John Howard addressed the media at 1:45 pm AEST on 15 September. Howard praised the Abbott Government's achievements and affirmed that he would support Turnbull in government. He stated that the Australian people would decide if the Liberal Party had made the right choice. Howard, when asked, refused to say where Abbott went wrong, but did state he believed the consistent bad polls, not the media, were ultimately responsible for the spill. [39] [40] [41]
Tony Abbott
Abbott addressed the media at 12:40 pm on 15 September. Abbott stated that he had never leaked or undermined anyone, and he would not start now. He stated that being Prime Minister is not an end in itself, it was about serving. He asserted that the nature of politics had changed in the last decade, with a "febrile media culture" rewarding "treachery". Abbott exhorted the media to refuse to parlay with people who won't put their names to their comments. [42] [43]
Abbott's final speech as Prime Minister on 15 September did not address his political future. [44] However, he announced the next day that he would remain in Parliament. [45] Despite his promise of "no sniping" in his final speech as Prime Minister, media outlets reported ongoing sniping from the Abbott camp in the following months, [46] particularly around Islamic issues. [47] [48] [49] In early December 2015, Abbott said he would not make a decision on his political future until April 2016. [50]
Subsequent national polling indicated widespread support for the removal of Abbott as Prime Minister and Liberal leader. [46] [51] A ReachTel poll of 743 residents in Abbott's safe Liberal seat of Warringah, conducted by phone on the evening of 17 December 2015, indicated his electorate wanted him to retire from parliament at the next election. The Australia Institute executive director, Ben Oquist, who commissioned the independent polling, claimed: "The polling indicates that the electorate is quickly moving on from the Tony Abbott era". [52] [53] [54] [55] Abbott recontested his electoral seat of Warringah at the 2016 federal election, and won with 52% of the primary vote. [56]
Since Abbott's re-election at the 2016 federal election he has been critical of policy positions of his party on a number of occasions. [57] [58] [59]
