Lichenostigma

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Lichenostigma
Lichenostigma cosmopolites 143712.jpg
Lichenostigma cosmopolites
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Arthoniomycetes
Order: Lichenostigmatales
Family: Phaeococcomycetaceae
Genus: Lichenostigma
Hafellner (1983)
Type species
Lichenostigma maureri
Hafellner (1983)
Synonyms [1]

Lichenostigma is a genus of fungi in the family Phaeococcomycetaceae. [2] . It includes several species which are lichenicolous (i.e. parasitic on lichens). [3] The genus was circumscribed in 1983 by the Austrian mycologist Josef Hafellner, with Lichenostigma maureri assigned as the type species. [4]

Contents

Fossil history

The fossil history of Lichenostigma provides insights into its ancient origins and long-standing ecological relationships. Discoveries from European Paleogene amber have identified two fossil specimens of Lichenostigma associated with the crustose lichen genus Ochrolechia . These fossils date back approximately 34 million years, to the uppermost Eocene. The presence of Lichenostigma in these amber inclusions confirms that both the genus and its specialised parasitic association with Ochrolechia were already well-established during this period. The fossilised Lichenostigma specimens have conidiomata and ascomata (specialised structures to produce asexual and sexual spores, respectively) that are morphologically similar to those of modern species, demonstrating the evolutionary continuity of these lichenicolous fungi. This discovery not only pushes back the minimum age of the genus Lichenostigma but also provides calibration points for phylogenetic studies. [5]

The identification of Lichenostigma in amber fossils marks a significant advancement in paleomycology, particularly regarding the fossil record of lichenicolous fungi. Prior to these findings, evidence of ancient lichen-associated microfungi was limited to more general and likely saprotrophic associations. The Lichenostigma fossils, however, represent the first concrete evidence of mycoparasitic relationships in the fossil record, highlighting the ecological importance of these interactions. [5]

Species

As of July 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 30 species of Lichenostigma. [6]

Lichenostigma elongatum 2016-06-28 Lichenostigma elongatum Nav.-Ros. & Hafellner 630390.jpg
Lichenostigma elongatum
Lichenostigma saxicola growing on bare granitic rock and neighbouring thalli of Aspicilia confusa and Lecidea laboriosa. 2012-03-28 Lichenostigma saxicola K. Knudsen & Kocourk 208668.jpg
Lichenostigma saxicola growing on bare granitic rock and neighbouring thalli of Aspicilia confusa and Lecidea laboriosa .

Related Research Articles

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<i>Opegrapha</i> Genus of lichens in the family Opegraphaceae

Opegrapha is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Opegraphaceae. Species include:

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<i>Sphaerellothecium</i> Genus of fungi

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Bellemerella is a genus of fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. All four species are lichenicolous, meaning they grow parasitically on other lichens.

Endococcus is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) in the family Lichenotheliaceae. It has 44 species. The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish botanist William Nylander in 1855. Although at least one source places the genus in the Verrucariaceae, a 2016 study of the type species, Endococcus rugulosus, determined that it should instead be placed in the family Lichenotheliaceae of the order Dothideales; this classification echoes a placement proposed in 1979 by David Hawksworth.

Sarcopyrenia is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It has 11 species. It is the only genus in Sarcopyreniaceae, a family in the order Verrucariales. Sarcopyrenia was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1858, with Sarcopyrenia gibba assigned as the type species. Sarcopyreniaceae is one of the few families composed entirely of lichenicolous fungi.

<i>Abrothallus</i> Genus of fungi

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<i>Skyttea</i> Genus of fungi

Skyttea is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Cordieritidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1981 by lichenologists Martha Allen Sherwood, David L. Hawksworth, and Brian J. Coppins, with Skyttea nitschkei assigned as the type species.

<i>Taeniolella</i> Genus of fungi

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Josef Hafellner is an Austrian mycologist and lichenologist. He was awarded the Acharius Medal in 2016 for his lifetime contributions to lichenology. Before his retirement, he was a professor at the Karl-Franzens-Universität in Graz. Hafellner started developing an interest in lichens while he was a student at this institution, studying under Josef Poelt. He earned a master's degree in 1975 and a PhD in 1978, defending a doctoral thesis about the genus Karschia. In 2003, Hafellner received his habilitation. By this time, he had studied with French lichenologist André Bellemère (1927–2014) at Saint-Cloud, where he learned techniques of transmission electron microscopy and how their application in studying asci could be used in lichen systematics. His 1984 work Studien in Richtung einer natürlicheren Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoraceae und Lecideaceae has been described as "probably the single most influential publication in lichen systematics in the latter half of the 20th century".

Dacampia is a genus of fungi in the family Dacampiaceae. It contains 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 1853 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, with Dacampia hookeri assigned as the type species. The genus name honours Italian naturalist Benedetto de Dacampo (1787–1851).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cordieritidaceae</span> Family of fungi

Cordieritidaceae is a family of fungi in the order Cyttariales. Species in this family are saprobes or lichenicolous.

<i>Sclerococcum</i> Genus of fungi

Sclerococcum is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Dactylosporaceae.

<i>Polycoccum</i> Genus of fungi

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Halospora is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. Species in the genus parasitise calcicolous crustose lichens, i.e., those that prefer lime-rich substrates.

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References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Lichenostigma Hafellner, Herzogia 6(1-2): 301 (1983)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  3. ↑ A synopsis of Lichenostigma subgen. Lichenogramma (Arthoniales) with a key to the species, Vicent Calatayud1, Pere Navarro-Rosinés, Josef Hafellner, Mycological Research, Volume 106, Issue 10, October 2002, Pages 1230–1242,
  4. ↑ Hafellner, J. (1982). "Studien über lichenicole Pilze und Flechten II. Lichenostigma maureri gen. et sp. nov., ein in den Ostalpen häufiger lichenicoler Pilz (Ascomycetes, Arthoniales)". Herzogia (in German). 6 (1–2): 299–308. doi:10.1127/herzogia/6/1983/299.
  5. 1 2 Kaasalainen, Ulla; Kukwa, Martin; Rikkinen, Jouko; Schmidt, Alexander R. (2019). "Crustose lichens with lichenicolous fungi from Paleogene amber". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 1–7. Bibcode:2019NatSR...910360K. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46692-w . PMC   6637111 . PMID   31316089.
  6. ↑ "Lichenostigma". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Nash, T.H. III; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C.; Bungartz, F. (2004). Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol. 2. Tempe: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University. p. 665. ISBN   978-0-9716759-1-9.
  8. ↑ Halici, M.G.; Kocakaya, M.; Aksoy, A. (2009). "Lichenostigma anatolica sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Lichenotheliaceae) on a brown Acarospora from central Turkey". Mycotaxon. 108: 67–72. doi: 10.5248/108.67 .
  9. 1 2 Boom, P.P.G. van den; Etayo, J. (2006). "New records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with descriptions of some new species" (PDF). Cryptogamie Mycologie. 27 (4): 341–374.
  10. ↑ Hafellner, J.; Calatayud, V. (1999). "Lichenostigma cosmopolites, a common lichenicolous fungus on Xanthoparmelia species". Mycotaxon. 72: 107–114.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Calatayud, Vicent; Navarro-Rosinés, Pere; Hafellner, Josef (2002). "A synopsis of Lichenostigma subgen. Lichenogramma (Arthoniales) with a key to the species". Mycological Research. 106 (10): 1230–1242. doi:10.1017/S095375620200655X.
  12. ↑ Navarro-Rosinés, P.; Hafellner, J. (1996). "Lichenostigma elongata spec. nov. (Dothideales), a lichenicolous ascomycete on Lobothallia and Aspicilia species". Mycotaxon. 57: 211–225.
  13. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J.P.; Roux, C.; Upreti, D.K.; Schumm, F.; Mishra, G.K.; Nayaka, S.; Farkas, E.; Park, J.S.; Lee, B.G.; Liu, D.; Woo, J.-J.; Hur, J.-S. (2017). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 6" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 59 (1–2): 137–260. doi:10.1556/034.59.2017.1-2.7.
  14. ↑ Pérez-Ortega, S.; Calatayud, V. (2009). "Lichenostigma epirupestre, a new lichenicolous species on Pertusaria from Spain". Mycotaxon. 107: 189–195. doi: 10.5248/107.189 .
  15. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.; Lőkös, L.; Tchabanenko, S.; Haji Moniri, M.; Farkas, E.; Wang, X.Y.; Oh, S.O.; Hur, J.S. (2013). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi". Acta Biologica Hungarica. 55 (3–4): 275–349.
  16. 1 2 Valadbeigi, T.; Brackel, W. von (2011). "Two new species of Lichenostigma (Lichenotheliaceae) from Iran". Willdenowia. 41: 191–195. doi: 10.3372/wi.41.41122 . JSTOR   41549116.
  17. ↑ Pegler, D.N. (1983). Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin Additional Series. Vol. 9. p. 301.
  18. ↑ Calatayud, V.; Barreno, E. (2003). "A new Lichenostigma on vagrant Aspicilia species". The Lichenologist. 35 (4): 279–285. Bibcode:2003ThLic..35..279C. doi:10.1016/S0024-2829(03)00052-5.
  19. ↑ Fernández-Brime, Samantha; Llimona, Xavier; Navarro-Rosinés, Pere (2010). "Lichenostigma rupicolae (Lichenotheliaceae), a new lichenicolous species growing on Pertusaria rupicola". The Lichenologist. 42 (3): 241–247. doi:10.1017/S0024282909990727.
  20. ↑ Knudsen, Kerry; Kocourková, Jana (2010). "A new Lichenostigma species (genus incertae sedis) from southern California". The Bryologist. 113 (2): 229–234. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-113.2.229.
  21. ↑ Ihlen, Per G. (2004). "A new species of Lichenostigma (Lichenotheliaceae, Arthoniales) from Scandinavia". The Lichenologist. 36 (3–4): 183–189. doi:10.1017/S0024282904014185.
  22. ↑ Vondrák, Jan; Šoun, Jaroslav (2007). "Lichenostigma svandae, a new lichenicolous fungus on Acarospora cervina". The Lichenologist. 39 (3): 211–216. doi:10.1017/S0024282907006731.
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