Limax

Limax
Limax maximus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Family:	Limacidae
Subfamily:	Limacinae
Genus:	Limax Linnaeus, 1758 [1]
Species
at least 33, see text
Synonyms
List ChromolimaxPini, 1877 EulimaxMoquin-Tandon, 1855 GestroaPini, 1877 HeynemanniaMalm, 1868 LimacellaBrard, 1815 Limax (Brachylimax)Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008· accepted, alternate representation Limax (Eulimax)Moquin-Tandon, 1855 † Limax (Heinemannia)Malm, 1868 (junior objective synonym; incorrect subsequent spelling) Limax (Heynemannia)Malm, 1868 (junior objective synonym) Limax (Limax)Linnaeus, 1758· accepted, alternate representation MacroheynemanniaSimroth, 1888 OpilolimaxPini, 1877 ProlimaxSimroth, 1906 StabileaPini, 1877

Limax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae.

Limax cinereoniger

The generic name Limax literally means "slug". Snail-eating animals, such as certain snakes) are thus called limaxivorous .

Limax dacampi

Some species, such as the leopard slug (L. maximus), are beneficial for the garden.^{[ citation needed ]}

The genus Limax sensu stricto is probably monophyletic. ^[2]

Distribution

This genus is native to Europe, but at least one species (L. maximus) has been introduced into North America.

Species

The genus Limax includes at least 33 species: ^[3]

• Limax aeolianus Giusti, 1973
• Limax albipes Dumont & Mortillet, 1853
• Limax amaliae Bettoni, 1870
• Limax bielzii Seibert, 1873
• Limax brandstetteri Falkner, 2008 ^[4]
• Limax camerani Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
• Limax canapicianus Pollonera, 1885
• Limax cephalonicus Simroth, 1886
• Limax ciminensis Pollonera, 1890
• Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803 (syn. Limax alpinus Férussac, 1822) ^[5]
• Limax conemenosi Böttger, 1882
• Limax corsicus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
• Limax dacampi Menegazzi, 1854
  • Limax dacampi dacampiMenegazzi, 1855
• Limax dobrogicus Grossu & Lupu, 1960
• Limax doriae Bourguignat, 1861
• Limax engadinensis Heynemann, 1863
• Limax erythrus Bourguignat, 1864
• Limax gerhardti Niethammer, 1937
• Limax giovannellae Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008
• Limax giustii Falkner & Nitz, 2010
• Limax graciadeii Gerhardt, 1940
• Limax graecus Simroth, 1889
• Limax granosus Bérenguier, 1900
• Limax hemmeni Rähle, 1983
• Limax ianninii Giusti, 1973
• Limax ilvensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
• Limax lachensis Bérenguier, 1900
• Limax luctuosus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
• Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 - great grey slug
• Limax millipunctatus Pini, 1885
• Limax monolineatus Bettoni, 1870
• Limax monregalensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
• Limax pironae Pini, 1876
• Limax polipunctatus Pollonera, 1888
• Limax pseudocinereoniger Schilthuizen, Thompson, de Vries, van Peursen, Reisinger, Paterno, Maestri, Marcolungo, Esposti, Delledonne & Njunjić, 2022
• Limax punctulatus Sordelli, 1871
• Limax redii Gerhardt, 1933
• Limax samensis Heim & Nitz, 2009 ^[5]
• Limax squamosus Bérenguier, 1900
• Limax strobeli Pini, 1876
• Limax subalpinus Lessona, 1880
• Limax tschapecki Simroth, 1886
• Limax veronensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
• Limax vizzavonensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
• Limax wohlberedti Simroth, 1900
• Limax wolterstorffi Simroth, 1900
• Limax zilchi Grossu & Lupu, 1960

Subgenus Limacus (more often today treated as its own genus)

Main article: Limacus

• Limax ecarinatusBoettger, 1881: synonym of Limacus maculatus (Kaleniczenko, 1851)
• Limax flavusLinnaeus, 1758 yellow garden slug, tawny garden slug: synonym of Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms

• Limax marginatus Müller, 1774 is a synonym for Lehmannia marginata (Müller, 1774)
• Limax valentianus Férussac, 1822 is a synonym for Ambigolimax valentianus (Férussac, 1822)
• Limax nyctelius Bourguignat, 1861 is now placed in the genus Letourneuxia but the name has been used for Lehmannia carpatica (Bourguignat, 1861) and Ambigolimax waterstoni Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022 ^[6]

References

1. Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).
2. Klee, B. 2006 Towards a phylogeny of Limax (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine The Malacologist. Molluscan Forum 2006.
3. Species in genus Limax. AnimalBase. Accessed 5 May 2009.
4. Falkner, G. (2008). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – ein neuer Hochgebirgsschnegel aus den Abruzzen (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – a new high mountain slug from the Abruzzi Mountains (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A , Neue Serie. 1: 133-142.
5. Nitz, B., et al. (2009). Towards a new standard in slug species descriptions: the case of Limax sarnensis Heim & Nitz n. sp. (Pulmonata: Limacidae) from the Western Central Alps. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(3): 279-294. doi : 10.1093/mollus/eyp030.
6. Hutchinson, John M.C.; Reise, Heike; Schlitt, Bettina (30 June 2022). "Will the real Limax nyctelius please step forward: Lehmannia, Ambigolimax, or Malacolimax? No, Letourneuxia!". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 151 (1): 19–41. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/151/019-041. S2CID   250188836.