List of Hispanos

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This is a list of Hispanos, both settlers and their descendants (either fully or partially of such origin), who were born or settled, between the early 16th century and 1850, in what is now the southwestern United States (including California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, southwestern Colorado, Utah and Nevada), as well as Florida, Louisiana (1763–1800) and other Spanish colonies in what is now the United States. Governors and explorers, who spent time in these places serving the Spanish crown but never settled in them as colonists, are not included, although they also helped shape the history of the present United States. This list shows notable people of Spanish and Mexican origin who lived in the Hispanic colonies now part of the United States, as well as their descendants.

Contents

Spanish and Mexican era

These are persons who were born and/or lived, and died, in the Spanish or Mexican territories that later were incorporated in the United States. They were never Americans in the sense of persons born, raised or naturalized in the modern United States.

Friar Fermin Lasuen Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo (Carmel, CA) - Mora Chapel, cenotaph - Fray Fermin Lasuen.jpg
Friar Fermín Lasuén
Andres Almonaster y Rojas AlmonasteryRojas NewOrleans.JPG
Andrés Almonaster y Rojas
Jose Francisco Ruiz Jose Francisco Ruiz.gif
José Francisco Ruiz

Naturalized Americans of colonial origin

When the Spanish and Mexican territories were incorporated as part of the United States, their inhabitants automatically acquired American citizenship. Louisiana (which was Spanish between 1762 and 1800, when Spain gave back the territory to France) was ceded to the US by France in 1803, Florida was sold by Spain in 1819 and the Southwest passed to the US after the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) by the terms of the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty, while Texas separated from Mexico in 1836 and was annexed by the United States on December 29, 1845.

Juan Bautista Alvarado JuanBautistaAlvarado.jpg
Juan Bautista Alvarado
Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker.jpg
Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker
Jose Maria Estudillo Jose Maria Estudillo.jpg
Jose Maria Estudillo
Jose Antonio Navarro Navarroportrait.jpg
José Antonio Navarro
Miguel Antonio Otero Miguel Antonio Otero (1829-1882).jpg
Miguel Antonio Otero
Juan Seguin Juan seguin.jpg
Juan Seguin

Descendants of Spanish and Mexican settlers in the modern United States

These are descendants of Spanish and Mexican settlers who were born in the United States after 1803 in Louisiana, after 1819 in Florida and after 1850 in the Southwest:

Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca.jpg
Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca
Myrtle Gonzalez Myrtle-Gonzalez.jpg
Myrtle Gonzalez
Demi Lovato DemiLovato2013.jpg
Demi Lovato
Joseph M Montoya Joseph M Montoya.jpg
Joseph M Montoya
Jaci Velasquez Jaci Velasquez sings at the White House.jpg
Jaci Velásquez

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alta California</span> Former province of New Spain and Mexico

Alta California, also known as Nueva California among other names, was a province of New Spain formally established in 1804. Along with the Baja California peninsula, it had previously comprised the province of Las Californias, but was made a separate province in 1804. Following the Mexican War of Independence, it became a territory of Mexico in April 1822 and was renamed Alta California in 1824.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tejanos</span> Texas descendants of Hispanic settlers

Tejanos are descendants of Texas Creoles and Mestizos who settled in Texas before its admission as an American state. The term is also sometimes applied to Texans of Mexican descent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Californios</span> Term for Hispanic natives of California

Californios are Hispanic Californians, especially those descended from Spanish and Mexican settlers of the 17th through 19th centuries before California was annexed by the United States. California's Spanish-speaking community has resided there since 1683 and is made up of varying Spanish and Mexican origins, including criollos, Mestizos, Indigenous Californian peoples, and small numbers of Mulatos. Alongside the Tejanos of Texas and Neomexicanos of New Mexico and Colorado, Californios are part of the larger Spanish-American/Mexican-American/Hispano community of the United States, which has inhabited the American Southwest and the West Coast since the 16th century. Some may also identify as Chicanos, a term that came about in the 1960s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan Bautista Alvarado</span> Californio politician

Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician that served as Governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.

José María de Echeandía (?–1871) was the Mexican governor of Alta California from 1825 to 1831 and again from 1832 to 1833. He was the only governor of California that lived in San Diego.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pueblo de Los Ángeles</span> Spanish colonial pueblo; predecessor to the city of Los Angeles

El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula, shortened to Pueblo de los Ángeles, was the Spanish civilian pueblo settled in 1781, which became the American metropolis of Los Angeles. The pueblo was built using labor from the adjacent village of Yaanga and was totally dependent on local Indigenous labor for its survival.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José Castro</span> American politician

José Antonio Castro was a Californio politician, statesman, and general who served as interim Governor of Alta California and later Governor of Baja California. During the Bear Flag Revolt and the American Conquest of California, Castro led Mexican forces as the Commandante General of Northern California.

General José María Flores (1818–1866) was a captain in the Mexican Army and was a member of la otra banda. He was appointed Governor and Comandante Generalpro tem of Alta California from November 1846 to January 1847, and defended California against the Americans during the Mexican–American War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José Antonio Carrillo</span> Californio politician (1796–1862)

Captain José Antonio Ezequiel Carrillo (1796–1862) was a Californio politician, ranchero, and signer of the California Constitution in 1849. He served three terms as Alcalde of Los Angeles (mayor).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manuel Dominguez</span> Mexican Californio rancher and politician

Don Manuel Domínguez e Ybáñez (1803–1882) was a Californio ranchero, politician, and a signer of the California Constitution in 1849. He served as two terms as Alcalde of Los Angeles (mayor). He was one of the largest landowners in Southern California, having inherited Rancho San Pedro in 1825, one of the largest ranchos in California. He was one of the founders of the cities of Carson and Compton and of the fishing village of San Pedro. Today, California State University, Dominguez Hills and the communities of Rancho Dominguez, East Rancho Dominguez, and West Rancho Dominguez bear his family's name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Los Angeles Pobladores</span> Original 1781 settlers of Los Angeles

Los pobladores del pueblo de los Ángeles refers to the 44 original settlers and 4 soldiers from New Spain (Mexico) who founded the Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles in 1781, which is now the present-day city of Los Angeles, California.

The history of Hispanics and Latinos in the United States is wide-ranging, spanning more than four hundred years of American colonial and post-colonial history. Hispanics became the first American citizens in the newly acquired Southwest territory after the Mexican–American War, and remained a majority in several states until the 20th century.

Leonardo Cota (1816–1887) was a Captain with the Californios in the Mexican–American War; and later a Los Angeles County Supervisor.

Simón de Arocha (1731–1796) was a Tejano militia commander and alcalde of San Antonio de Béxar. Like his father, who had been city clerk and public notary, Simón and his brothers became leaders in the province.

Santiago Argüello (1791–1862) was a Californio, a soldier in the Spanish army of the Viceroyalty of New Spain in Las Californias, a major Mexican land grant ranchos owner, and part of an influential family in Mexican Alta California and post-statehood California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hispanos of New Mexico</span> Ethnic group native to New Mexico

The Hispanos of New Mexico, also known as Neomexicanos or Nuevomexicanos, are Hispanic residents originating in the historical region of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, today the US state of New Mexico, southern Colorado, and other parts of the Southwestern United States including Arizona, Nevada, Texas, and Utah. They are descended from Oasisamerica groups and the settlers of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the First Mexican Empire and Republic, the Centralist Republic of Mexico, and the New Mexico Territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Americans</span> Americans of Spanish birth or descent

Spanish Americans are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly from Spain. They are the longest-established European American group in the modern United States, with a very small group descending from those explorations leaving from Spain and the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and starting in the early 1500s, of 42 of the future U.S. states from California to Florida; and beginning a continuous presence in Florida since 1565 and New Mexico since 1598. In the 2020 United States census, 978,978 self-identified with "Spaniard" origins representing (0.4%) of the white alone or in combination population who responded to the question. Other results include 866,356 (0.4%) identifying as "Spanish" and 50,966 who identified with "Spanish American".

Canarian Americans are Americans whose ancestors came from the Canary Islands, Spain. They can trace their ancestry to settlers and immigrants who have emigrated since the 16th century to the present-day United States. Most of them are descendants of settlers who immigrated to Spanish colonies in the South of the modern US during the 18th century. The Canarians were among the first settlers of the modern United States; the first Canarians migrated to modern Florida in 1569, and were followed by others coming to La Florida, Texas and Louisiana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Floridanos</span> Ethnic group

Floridanos is a term for colonial residents of the Spanish settlements in St. Augustine and Pensacola who were born in Spanish Florida. Descendants of the original Floridanos can be found throughout the state, especially in St. Augustine, as well as in Miami, Tampa, and Orlando.

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