Commercial airports
This is a list of airports in the Greater Manila Area , the most populous urban agglomeration in the Philippines. Though there are several definitions over what comprises the area, for the purposes of this article the entire administrative region of Metro Manila and the surrounding provinces of Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Pampanga and Rizal are considered its components.
There are currently 1 airport, but consist of 4 terminals. This are Terminal 1 located at Paranque near at Duty Free Market and SnR market, Terminal 2 which located at Paranque also near at CAAP, Terminal 3 located in Pasay near Resort World Manila and other Hotel like Mariott Hotel, etc. The last one Terminal 4 located in Pasay near at Cebu Pacific Office, AirAsia office, and LTO Land Transportation Office. However, the majority of passenger traffic goes through Metro Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), which is the Philippines' busiest airport and major hub. Clark International Airport, which has been developed into an alternate international gateway, also sees a significant amount of traffic. Subic Bay International Airport (SBIA), although classified as an international airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), currently only hosts domestic flights. [1]
The following airports are operated by branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines for military or mixed military-civilian use.
| Airport name | IATA | ICAO | Location | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basilio Fernando Air Base | RPUL | Lipa | 13°57′17″N121°07′29″E / 13.95472°N 121.12472°E | |
| Camp Mateo Capinpin Airfield | Tanay | 14°32′05″N121°21′49″E / 14.53472°N 121.36361°E | ||
| Cesar Basa Air Base | RPUF | Floridablanca | 14°59′11″N120°29′33″E / 14.98639°N 120.49250°E | |
| Clark Air Base | CRK | RPLC | Clark Freeport (Mabalacat) | 15°11′09″N120°33′35″E / 15.18583°N 120.55972°E |
| Danilo Atienza Air Base | SGL | RPLS | Cavite City | 14°29′29″N120°53′38″E / 14.49139°N 120.89389°E |
| Jesus Villamor Air Base | MNL | RPLL | Pasay | 14°30′31″N121°01′10″E / 14.50861°N 121.01944°E |
| Airport name | IATA | ICAO | Location | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barradas (Mannie W. Barradas/Santor) Airfield [2] | Tanauan | 14°5′49″N121°6′58″E / 14.09694°N 121.11611°E | ||
| Calatagan (Hacienda Zobel) Airstrip [2] | Calatagan | 13°50′37″N120°38′5″E / 13.84361°N 120.63472°E | ||
| OMNI Aviation Complex [2] | RPLC | Mabalacat | 15°10′08″N120°33′49″E / 15.16889°N 120.56361°E | |
| Plaridel Airport | RPUX | Plaridel | 14°53′26″N120°51′10″E / 14.89056°N 120.85278°E | |
| Woodland Airpark (Gordon Boyce Airfield) [2] | Magalang | 15°15′02″N120°40′39″E / 15.25056°N 120.67750°E |
| Airport name | IATA | ICAO | Location | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Juan Manila Harbor Seaplane Terminal [3] | Manila | 14°33′24″N120°58′46″E / 14.55667°N 120.97944°E | ||
| CCP Bay Terminal [4] | Manila | 14°33′30″N120°58′59″E / 14.55833°N 120.98306°E |
| Name | Owner / Operator | Location | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|
| INAEC Clark Hangar [5] | Iloilo-Negros Air Express | Mabalacat | 15°11′32″N120°32′54″E / 15.19222°N 120.54833°E |
| INAEC Manila Hangar [5] | Iloilo-Negros Air Express | Pasay | 14°31′4″N121°0′7″E / 14.51778°N 121.00194°E |
| St. Luke's Medical Center – Global City [5] | St. Luke's Medical Center, Inc. | Taguig | 14°33′18″N121°2′53″E / 14.55500°N 121.04806°E |
| SM City North Edsa [5] | SM Prime Holdings | Quezon City | 14°39′24″N121°1′58″E / 14.65667°N 121.03278°E |
| Tagaytay Track Oval [5] | Local Government of Tagaytay | Tagaytay | 14°5′59″N120°56′22″E / 14.09972°N 120.93944°E |
| The Peninsula Manila [5] | Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels | Makati | 14°33′18″N121°1′31″E / 14.55500°N 121.02528°E |
| V&A Law Center [5] | Villaraza & Angangco Law Firm | Taguig | 14°33′32″N121°3′23″E / 14.55889°N 121.05639°E |
| Airport name | IATA | ICAO | Location | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bundagul (TIPCO) Airstrip [2] | Mabalacat | 15°14′26″N120°35′56″E / 15.24056°N 120.59889°E | ||
| Minuyan Airstrip [2] | Norzagaray | 14°56′15″N121°4′51″E / 14.93750°N 121.08083°E |
As early as the 1980s, there has been recognition of the constraints to expanding Manila (later renamed Ninoy Aquino) International Airport's capacity and its continued ability to handle the projected growth in aircraft movements and passenger traffic. [6]
In May 2011, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) submitted to the Philippine Government a study concerning air transport needs within the Greater Manila Area, which concluded that the development of a new gateway airport was "an urgent need" given that the runway capacity at the existing Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) was "already almost saturated." [6]
The Philippine Government during the term of President Benigno Aquino III responded by adopting a dual airport system in May 2013, which entailed the upgrade of the facilities at Ninoy Aquino International Airport while also expanding capacity at Clark International Airport. [7]
In October 2013 the Aquino administration requested JICA to conduct a pre-feasibility study to determine the best location of the new gateway airport recommended in the 2011 JICA study. [7] After considering the cost and viability of five options [8] the pre-feasibility study identified two potential sites for the airport: Sangley Point and Laguna de Bay [9] which would both involve reclaiming at least 2,000 hectares of land. [10]
On 13 June 2014 JICA formally recommended the construction of a new airport in the vicinity of Sangley Point, Cavite City, with the lower cost being among the factors considered: reclaiming land in that area will cost only ₱120 billion (US$2.4 billion) compared to ₱240 billion at Laguna de Bay (US$4.8 billion). [11] [10] With this recommendation JICA began to work on a full feasibility study for the new Sangley Point-area airport, with 2025 as the target date for its opening. [10]
The full feasibility study has two phases: the first phase will compare two potential sites in the vicinity of Sangley Point, while the second phase will involve an "in-depth" analysis on the chosen location. [9] The study's final recommendation is expected to endorse one of two options: building the airport on the same site as the Danilo Atienza Air Base on Sangley Point at a cost of US$10 billion, or constructing on reclaimed land in central Manila Bay [8] between the air base and another reclaimed area at a cost of US$13 billion. [12] The airport, expected to be commercially operational by 2025 at the earliest, [12] will initially have two runways [9] but can be expanded to four runways capable of handling 700,000 aircraft movements and 130 million passengers annually. [12]
The full study was initially expected to be completed by April 2015, [13] then later moved to June 2015. [11] The target date for the full study's completion was again moved by JICA to early 2016, [8] around January or February, causing the government's timetables for the project's implementation to be pushed back. [14] Although the outgoing administration of Noynoy Aquino called on JICA to finish the full study before his term was to expire on 30 June 2016, [14] it was revealed in February 2016 that JICA will likely complete the study in 18 more months, or around August 2017. [12]
Competing proposals from San Miguel Corporation headed by Ramon Ang and the All-Asia Resources and Reclamation Corporation (ARRC) venture headed by Henry Sy have been submitted for the Philippine Government's consideration as early as 2013.
In February 2015 the then-Secretary of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DoTC) Joseph Emilio Abaya announced they will no longer entertain unsolicited proposals from private groups given that they "spark controversies" that detract from the "open, transparent bidding" they intended for the project. [14] This was reversed in March 2017 by the Duterte administration, whose revamped Department of Transportation (DoTr) expressed interest in developing already-existing and new airports — instead of the previous plan of constructing only one gateway — to help decongest Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA). [15] The reversal was made against the advice of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), which in the interest of promoting transparency and preventing charges of unethical dealmaking recommended on 27 October 2016 that the development project for the new Manila airport be subject to competitive bidding rather than through unsolicited mode, given that at least five other private sector groups are keen on undertaking the said project. [16]
In order that it can consolidate private sector proposals so that the efforts for decongesting NAIA are made more coherent, the DoTr put on hold in February 2017 the ₱74.56-billion (US$1.5 billion) NAIA Development Project [15] which would have upgraded the airport's existing facilities to higher international standards and would have expanded the airport if necessary. [17]
Currently there are two unsolicited proposals from Ramon Ang-led San Miguel Corporation and the Henry Sy-backed All-Asia Resources and Reclamation Corporation (ARRC) venture group for the establishment of new airport to serve the Greater Manila Area. [15] [18] The ARRC proposal is reportedly "up for approval" by NEDA as of 12 December 2016. [19] SMC's proposal on the other hand has been approved, but is still subject to a final examination of the concession agreement, followed by a Swiss challenge [20] [21] [22]
Transportation in the Philippines covers the transportation methods within this archipelagic nation of over 7,500 islands. From a previously underdeveloped state of transportation, the government of the Philippines has been improving transportation through various direct infrastructure projects, and these include an increase in air, sea, road, and rail transportation and transport hubs.
Ninoy Aquino International Airport, originally known as Manila International Airport (MIA), is the main international airport serving Metro Manila in the Philippines. Located between the cities of Pasay and Parañaque, about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) south of Manila proper and southwest of Makati, it is the main gateway for travelers to the Philippines and serves as a hub for PAL Express, and Philippine Airlines. It is also the main operating base for AirSWIFT, Cebgo, Cebu Pacific, and Philippines AirAsia.
Colonel Jesus Villamor Air Base, known simply as Villamor Air Base, is the headquarters of the Philippine Air Force (PAF) and shares runways with Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA). It was formerly known as Nichols Field or Nichols Air Base. Chiefly used as a PAF transport/helicopter airbase, the Maharlika Hall located at the base is used by the president of the Philippines when departing for foreign or domestic trips. Also, foreign dignitaries visiting Manila would usually arrive at the air base.
Clark International Airport, known as Diosdado Macapagal International Airport from 2003 to 2014, is an international airport covering portions of the cities of Angeles and Mabalacat within the Clark Freeport Zone in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. It is located 80 kilometers (50 mi) northwest of Manila. It is accessible by way of the Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX).
The Metro Manila Skyway, officially the Metro Manila Skyway System (MMSS) or simply the Skyway, is an elevated highway serving as the main expressway of Metro Manila, Philippines. It connects the North and South Luzon Expressways with access to Ninoy Aquino International Airport via the NAIA Expressway (NAIAX). It is the first fully grade-separated highway in the Philippines and one of the longest elevated highways in the world, with a total length of approximately 39.2 kilometers (24.4 mi).
Naval Station Sangley Point was a communication and hospital facility of the United States Navy which occupied the northern portion of the Cavite City peninsula and is surrounded by Manila Bay, approximately eight miles southwest of Manila, the Philippines. The station was a part of the Cavite Navy Yard across the peninsula. The naval station had a runway that was built after World War II, which was used by U.S. Navy Lockheed P-2 Neptune, Lockheed P-3 Orion, and Martin P4M Mercator maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare aircraft. An adjacent seaplane runway, ramp area and seaplane tender berths also supported Martin P5M Marlin maritime patrol aircraft until that type's retirement from active naval service in the late 1960s. NAS Sangley Point/NAVSTA Sangley Point was also used extensively during the Vietnam War, primarily for U.S. Navy patrol squadrons forward deployed from the United States on six-month rotations. The naval station was turned over to the Philippine government in 1971. It is now operated by the Philippine Air Force and Philippine Navy.
The transportation system in Metro Manila covers the road network, rail network, ferries, ports and airports located with the metropolitan Manila area. Road transportation in Metro Manila is diverse, composed of many types of private and public transport vehicles. These include Taxis, buses, jeepneys, tricycles and pedicabs. In some areas, especially in Divisoria and large public markets, two-stroke motors are fitted in the pedicabs and are used for goods transport. Regardless of modernity, horse-drawn kalesas are still used in the streets of Binondo and Intramuros. Ridesharing services such as Grab also operate within in Metro Manila.
The Ninoy Aquino International Airport Expressway (NAIAX), signed as E6 of the Philippine expressway network, is an 12.65-kilometer (7.86 mi) elevated highway in Metro Manila, Philippines, which links the Skyway to Ninoy Aquino International Airport and Entertainment City. Traversing the cities of Pasay, and Parañaque, the NAIAX runs along Andrews Avenue, Electrical Road, and NAIA Road connecting the Skyway to Ninoy Aquino Avenue, Macapagal Boulevard, New Seaside Drive and the Manila–Cavite Expressway.
Danilo Atienza Air Base is a military base used by the Philippine Air Force, located on the northern end of the Cavite Peninsula in Manila Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines. It is adjacent to Cavite City, in Cavite Province.
The NAIA Road, formerly known and still commonly referred to as the MIA Road, is a short 8-10 lane divided highway connecting Roxas Boulevard and the Manila–Cavite Expressway (R-1) with Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in southwestern Metro Manila, Philippines. It is also a major local road that links the cities of Pasay and Parañaque running approximately 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) underneath the elevated NAIA Expressway from R-1 in Tambo, Parañaque to NAIA Terminal 2 in Pasay. En route, it intersects, from west to east, Quirino Avenue, Domestic Road, and Ninoy Aquino Avenue. The road ends at the entrance of NAIA Terminal 2.
The Metro Manila Dream Plan, formally titled the Roadmap for Transport Infrastructure Development for Metro Manila and Its Surrounding Areas, refers to a 2014 integrated plan for improving the transport system in Metro Manila, Philippines, with the hope of turning it into a focal point for addressing Metro Manila's interlinked problems in the areas of transportation, land use, and environment.
The Light Rail Transit Line 6 is a proposed rapid transit system in Cavite, Philippines. There have been two proposals for the line, with the first one shelved immediately in 2018. Another proposal emerged in 2017 and is currently under review by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA).
The Metro Manila Subway, formerly known as the Mega Manila Subway (MMS), is an under-construction underground rapid transit line in Metro Manila, Philippines. The 36-kilometer (22 mi) line, which will run north–south between Valenzuela, Quezon City, Pasig, Taguig, Parañaque and Pasay, consists of 15 stations between the East Valenzuela and Bicutan stations. It will become the country's second direct airport rail link after the North–South Commuter Railway, with a branch line to Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
Sangley Point Airport, also referred to as Cavite Airport, is a domestic airport at Sangley Point, Cavite City in the Philippines primarily serving general aviation and turbo-propped airliners in the general vicinity of South Luzon and the Greater Manila Area.
XiamenAir Flight 8667 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport in Xiamen, China, to Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, Philippines. On 16 August 2018, the Boeing 737-800 operating this flight skidded off the runway while attempting to land in poor weather conditions. The crash occurred at 11:55 p.m. Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8), resulting in the destruction of the aircraft. No serious injuries were reported among the crew or passengers. The damaged aircraft took 36 hours to remove from the runway, leading to a major disruption at the airport, which is the primary international gateway to the Philippines. The closure caused the cancellation of more than 200 domestic and international flights, affected more than 250,000 travelers, and prompted calls for enlargement of the airport or the construction of alternative airports to serve the country in the event of future disruptions.
New Manila International Airport, also known as Bulacan International Airport, is an international airport under construction on the coastal areas of Bulakan, Bulacan, 35 km (22 mi) north of the capital Manila. The project was proposed by the San Miguel Corporation (SMC) and is set to help decongest Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), the main gateway to the capital for air travelers.
The North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR), also known as the Clark–Calamba Railway, is a 147-kilometer (91-mile) urban rail transit system under construction in the island of Luzon, Philippines. Running from New Clark City in Capas to Calamba, Laguna with 36 stations and four services, the railway is designed to improve connectivity within the Greater Manila Area, and it will be integrated with the railway network in the region.
Santo Niño is an administrative division in southern Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is a barangay in the city of Parañaque immediately surrounding Ninoy Aquino International Airport on its west and south sides. A large portion of the village extends into the property of the airport grounds to include Terminal 1 as well as the western half of Runway 06/24. The village has a total land area of 245.97 hectares of which about 55% is occupied by the airport complex. Its population is concentrated in the areas along the Estero de Tripa de Gallina.
Naval Base Manila, Naval Air Base Manila was a major United States Navy base south of the City of Manila, on Luzon Island in the Philippines. Some of the bases dates back to 1898, the end of the Spanish–American War. Starting in 1938 civilian contractors were used to build new facilities in Manila to prepare for World War II. Work stopped on December 23, 1941, when Manila was declared not defendable against the Empire of Japan southward advance, which took over the city on January 2, 1942, after the US declared it an open city. US Navy construction and repair started in March 1945 with the taking of Manila in the costly Battle of Manila ending on March 2, 1945. Naval Base Manila supported the Pacific War and remained a major US Naval Advance Base until its closure in 1971.
On January 1, 2023, at 9:49 a.m. Philippine Standard Time, the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) detected issues with its Air Traffic Management Center (ATMC) at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Pasay, Metro Manila. Electrical problems brought the center's radios and radars offline. Shortly after, nearly all flights towards major airports in the Philippine airspace were put on hold or diverted. Flights that were about to enter the Philippine airspace were either diverted to neighboring countries, returned to point of origin, or rerouted to neighboring airspaces. By noon, no commercial aircraft were inside the Philippine airspace. Around 282 flights to and from various Philippine airports and over 56,000 passengers, many of whom were travelling to or from the country following the New Year's Day holiday, were affected.
