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Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its old astronomical symbol is (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.
A globular cluster is a spheroidal conglomeration of stars that is bound together by gravity, with a higher concentration of stars towards its center. It can contain anywhere from tens of thousands to many millions of member stars, all orbiting in a stable, compact formation. Globular clusters are similar in form to dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and though globular clusters were long held to be the more luminous of the two, discoveries of outliers had made the distinction between the two less clear by the early 21st century. Their name is derived from Latin globulus. Globular clusters are occasionally known simply as "globulars".
A nebula is a distinct luminescent part of interstellar medium, which can consist of ionized, neutral, or molecular hydrogen and also cosmic dust. Nebulae are often star-forming regions, such as in the Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula. In these regions, the formations of gas, dust, and other materials "clump" together to form denser regions, which attract further matter and eventually become dense enough to form stars. The remaining material is then thought to form planets and other planetary system objects.
An open cluster is a type of star cluster made of tens to a few thousand stars that were formed from the same giant molecular cloud and have roughly the same age. More than 1,100 open clusters have been discovered within the Milky Way galaxy, and many more are thought to exist. Each one is loosely bound by mutual gravitational attraction and becomes disrupted by close encounters with other clusters and clouds of gas as they orbit the Galactic Center. This can result in a loss of cluster members through internal close encounters and a dispersion into the main body of the galaxy. Open clusters generally survive for a few hundred million years, with the most massive ones surviving for a few billion years. In contrast, the more massive globular clusters of stars exert a stronger gravitational attraction on their members, and can survive for longer. Open clusters have been found only in spiral and irregular galaxies, in which active star formation is occurring.
Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow. It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.
A planetary nebula is a type of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from red giant stars late in their lives.
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body or celestial body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous entity, while an astronomical or celestial object is a complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.
Messier 13 or M13, is a globular cluster of several hundred thousand stars in the constellation of Hercules.
A deep-sky object (DSO) is any astronomical object that is not an individual star or Solar System object. The classification is used for the most part by amateur astronomers to denote visually observed faint naked eye and telescopic objects such as star clusters, nebulae and galaxies. This distinction is practical and technical, implying a variety of instruments and techniques appropriate to observation, and does not distinguish the nature of the object itself.
Omega Centauri is a globular cluster in the constellation of Centaurus that was first identified as a non-stellar object by Edmond Halley in 1677. Located at a distance of 17,090 light-years, it is the largest known globular cluster in the Milky Way at a diameter of roughly 150 light-years. It is estimated to contain approximately 10 million stars, with a total mass of 4 million solar masses, making it the most massive known globular cluster in the Milky Way.
Messier 15 or M15 is a globular cluster in the constellation Pegasus. It was discovered by Jean-Dominique Maraldi in 1746 and included in Charles Messier's catalogue of comet-like objects in 1764. At an estimated 12.5±1.3 billion years old, it is one of the oldest known globular clusters.
Messier 22 or M22, also known as NGC 6656 or the Great Sagittarius Cluster, is an elliptical globular cluster of stars in the constellation Sagittarius, near the Galactic bulge region. It is one of the brightest globulars visible in the night sky. The brightest stars are 11th magnitude, with hundreds of stars bright enough to resolve with an 8" telescope. It is just south of the sun's position in mid-December, and northeast of Lambda Sagittarii, the northernmost star of the "Teapot" asterism.
The Owl Nebula is a planetary nebula approximately 2,030 light years away in the constellation Ursa Major. Estimated to be about 8,000 years old, it is approximately circular in cross-section with a faint internal structure. It was formed from the outflow of material from the stellar wind of the central star as it evolved along the asymptotic giant branch. The nebula is arranged in three concentric shells, with the outermost shell being about 20–30% larger than the inner shell. The owl-like appearance of the nebula is the result of an inner shell that is not circularly symmetric, but instead forms a barrel-like structure aligned at an angle of 45° to the line of sight.
The Caldwell catalogue is an astronomical catalogue of 109 star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies for observation by amateur astronomers. The list was compiled by Patrick Moore as a complement to the Messier catalogue.
The Collinder catalogue is a catalogue of 471 open clusters compiled by Swedish astronomer Per Collinder. It was published in 1931 as an appendix to Collinder's paper On structural properties of open galactic clusters and their spatial distribution.
Abell 39 is a low surface brightness planetary nebula in the constellation of Hercules. It is the 39th entry in George Abell's 1966 Abell Catalog of Planetary Nebulae of 86 old planetary nebulae which either Abell or Albert George Wilson discovered before August 1955 as part of the National Geographic Society - Palomar Observatory Sky Survey. It is estimated to be about 3,800 light-years from earth and thus 2,600 light-years above the Galactic plane. It is almost perfectly spherical and also one of the largest known spheres with a radius of about 1.4 light-years.
The Abell Catalog of Planetary Nebulae was created in 1966 by George O. Abell and was composed of 86 entries thought to be planetary nebulae that were collected from discoveries, about half by Albert George Wilson and the rest by Abell, Robert George Harrington, and Rudolph Minkowski. All were discovered before August 1955 as part of the National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey on photographic plates created with the 48-inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin telescope at Mount Palomar. Four are better known from previous catalogs: Abell 50 is NGC 6742, Abell 75 is NGC 7076, Abell 37 is IC 972, and Abell 81 is IC 1454. Another four were later rejected as not being planetaries: Abell 11, Abell 32, Abell 76, and Abell 85. Another three were also not included in the Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (SEC): Abell 9, Abell 17, and Abell 64. Planetaries on the list are best viewed with a large aperture telescope and an OIII filter.
NeVe 1 is a supergiant elliptical galaxy, which is the central, dominant member and brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of the Ophiuchus Cluster. It lies at a distance of about 411 million light-years away from Earth and is located behind the Zone of Avoidance region in the sky. It is the host galaxy of the Ophiuchus Supercluster eruption, the most energetic astronomical event known.
References
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- 1 2 "Galactic O-star catalog | Stellar Systems Group". Archived from the original on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- 1 2 The Deep Sky Field Guide To Uranometria 2000.0, Cragin-Lucyk-Rappaport (and also Sky Catalogue 2000.0, Volume 2)
- ↑ Hubble Source Catalog (Whitmore et al. "Version 1 of the Hubble Source Catalog", Astronomical J., 151, 132 (2016) doi : 10.3847/0004-6256/151/6/134
- ↑ Miyauchi-Isobe, N.; Nakajima, K.; Maehara, H. (2004). "The Kiso Survey for Ultraviolet-excess Galaxies (KUG)". Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems. 314. San Francisco: 161–164. Bibcode:2004ASPC..314..161M.
- ↑ Lépine, Sébastien; Gaidos, Eric (2011). "An All-Sky Catalog of Bright M Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 142 (4): 138. arXiv: 1108.2719 . Bibcode:2011AJ....142..138L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/4/138. S2CID 119288730.
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- ↑ Lépine, Sébastien; Shara, Michael M. (March 2005). "A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0."15 (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (3): 1483–1522. arXiv: astro-ph/0412070 . Bibcode:2005AJ....129.1483L. doi:10.1086/427854. S2CID 2603568.
- ↑ W.W. Morgan, A.D. Code, A.E. Whitford, Studies in galactic structure. II. Luminosity classification for 1270 blue giants stars. Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 2, 41-74 (1955)
- ↑ H. R. Morgan, Astron. Papers Amer. Ephemeris13, Part III (1952). CDS ID I/80.
- ↑ Faint Blue Stars in the Region near the South Galactic Pole, G. Haro and W. J. Luyten, Boletín de los Observatorios de Tonantzintla y Tacubaya3 (1962), pp. 37–117, Bibcode : 1962BOTT....3...37H; CDS ID III/74.
- ↑ CDS IDs I/186, I/167, I/187, I/188 Archived 2006-02-03 at the Wayback Machine , I/198 Archived 2006-02-16 at the Wayback Machine , and I/248.
- ↑ "PLNEBULAE — Galactic Planetary Nebulae Catalog". NASA. 28 August 2012.
- ↑ CDS IDs V/84
- ↑ Catalogue of rotational velocities of the stars, Akira Uesugi and Ichiro Fukuda, Contributions from the Institute of Astrophysics and Kwasan Observatory, University of Kyoto, Kyoto: University, Kwasan Observatory, Institute of Astrophysics, 1970, Bibcode : 1970crvs.book.....U.
- ↑ APOD — Astronomy Picture Of the Day, April 13, 2019
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- ↑ Stock, J (1956). "Magnitudes and Colors for Stars in Two New Galactic Clusters". Astrophysical Journal. 123: 258–265. Bibcode:1956ApJ...123..258S. doi: 10.1086/146158 .
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