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The Basic Income Earth Network is a network of academics and activists interested in the idea of basic income. It serves as a link between individuals and groups committed to or interested in basic income, and fosters informed discussion on this topic throughout the world. BIEN's website defines a basic income as "a periodic cash payment unconditionally delivered to all on an individual basis, without means-test or work requirement."
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Karl Widerquist is an American political philosopher and economist at Georgetown University on its campus in Qatar. He is best known as an advocate of basic income, but is also an interdisciplinary academic writer who has published in journals in fields as diverse as economics, politics, philosophy, and anthropology. He is a consistent critic of propertarianism, right-libertarianism, social contract theory, and the belief that modern societies fulfill the Lockean proviso.
Universal basic income and negative income tax, which is a related system, has been debated in the United States since the 1960s, and to a smaller extent also before that. During the 1960s and 1970s a number of experiments with negative income tax were conducted in United States and Canada. In the 1970s another and somewhat related welfare system was introduced instead, the Earned Income Tax Credit. The next big development in the history of basic income in the United States came in 1982, when the Alaska Permanent Fund was established. It has delivered some kind of basic income, financed from the state's oil and gas revenues, ever since.
References
- ↑ "Improving Social Security in Canada Guaranteed Annual Income: A Supplementary Paper". Minister of Human Resource Development Canada. 1994. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ↑ "History of Basic Income". Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN). Archived from the original on 21 June 2008.
- ↑ Universal Basic Income: A Review Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed August 6, 2017.
- ↑ "About Basic Income | BIEN — Basic Income Earth Network" . Retrieved 2020-08-28.
- ↑ Widerquist, Karl (7 March 2013). Independence, Propertylessness, and Basic Income. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-31309-6.
- ↑ "Description at U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ↑ "Description at U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ↑ Widerquist, Karl (14 February 2012). Alaska's Permanent Fund Dividend. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-01502-0.
- ↑ Widerquist, Karl (14 February 2012). Alaska's Permanent Fund Dividend. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-01502-0.
- ↑ Widerquist, Karl (19 February 2016). Exporting the Alaska Model. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-03165-5.
- ↑ Widerquist, Karl (7 March 2013). Independence, Propertylessness, and Basic Income. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-31309-6.
- ↑ Varoufakis, Yanis (31 October 2016). "The Universal Right to Capital Income". Project Syndicate. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ↑ "The New Physiocratic Platform". The New Physiocratic League. 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.