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Computer hardware and software standards are technical standards instituted for compatibility and interoperability between software, systems, platforms and devices.
| | This article needs additional citations for verification .(June 2010) |
Computer hardware and software standards are technical standards instituted for compatibility and interoperability between software, systems, platforms and devices.
| Standard | Version | Released yyyy/mm/dd |
|---|---|---|
| AC'97 | 2.3 | 2002/04 |
| ACPI | 5.0 [1] | 2011/11/23 |
| AGP | 3.0 | 1999 |
| AHCI | 1.3 | 2008/06/26 |
| Advanced Power Management (APM) | 1.2 | 1996/02 |
| AT Attachment | ATA/ATAPI-7 | 2005 |
| ATX | 2.3 | 2007/03 |
| BIOS Boot Specification | 1.01 [2] | 1996/01 |
| BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Specification (INT 13H) | 3.0 [3] | 1998/04/20 |
| Bluetooth | 5.0 | 2010/06/30 |
| Boot Integrity Services API | 1.0 [4] | 1998/12/28 |
| BTX Chassis Design Guidelines | 1.1 | 2007/02 |
| BTX Interface Specification | 1.0b | 2005/07 |
| BTX System Design Guide | 1.1 | 2007/02/20 |
| Chassis Air Guide (CAG) | 1.1 | 2003/09 |
| CompactFlash (CF) | 5.0 | 2010 |
| Common Building Block (for notebooks) | 2005 | |
| Desktop and mobile Architecture for System Hardware (DASH) | 1.1 | 2007/12 |
| Desktop Management Interface (DMI) | 2.0.1s | 2003/01/10 |
| DDC/CI | 1.1 | 2004/10 |
| DisplayPort | 1.2 | 2009/12/22 |
| DVI | 1.0 | 1999/04/02 |
| Enhanced Display Data Channel (E-DDC) | 1.2 | 2007/12/26 |
| Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM) | JESD79-3 | |
| Display Power Management Signaling (DPMS) | 1.0 | 1993 |
| El Torito | 1.0 | 1995/01/25 |
| Energy Star | 5.0 | 2008/11/14 |
| Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) | ||
| Enthusiast System Architecture (ESA) | 1.0 | 2007 |
| Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) | 1.10 | 2002/12/01 |
| Embedded Technology eXtended (ETX) | 3.02 | 2007/01/22 |
| EDID | 2.0 | |
| FireWire (IEEE 1394) | 1394-2008 | 2007/12 |
| Floating point (IEEE 754) | 754-2008 | 1985 |
| HDMI | 1.4 | 2009/05/28 |
| HyperTransport (HT) | 3.1 | 2008/07/23 |
| I²C | 03 | 2007/06/19 |
| I2O | 1996 | |
| Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) | ||
| Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE, ATA/ATAPI, PATA) | ||
| Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) | 2.0 | 2004/02/14 |
| Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) | ||
| MultiProcessor Specification (MPS) | 1.4 | 1995/07/01 |
| NVM Express | 1.0 [5] | 2011/03/01 |
| ONFI | 2.2 | 2009/10 |
| PCI | 3.0 | 2002/08/12 |
| PC Card | 8.0 | 2001/04 |
| PCI-X | 2.0 | 2003 |
| PCI Express (PCIe) | 4.0 | 2010/11/18 |
| PMBus | 1.1 | |
| POST Memory Manager (PMM) | 1.01 [6] | 1997/11/21 |
| Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) | 2.1 [7] | 1999/09/20 |
| RAID | 1980's | |
| Small Computer System Interface SCSI | ||
| Serial ATA (SATA) | 3.1 [8] | 2011/07/18 |
| Shuttle PCB Assembly (SPA) for notebook motherboards | 2010 | |
| Simple Boot Flag Specification | 2.1 | 2005/01/28 |
| Simple Firmware Interface (SFI) | 0.7 | 2009/07/31 |
| System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) | 2.7.1 | 2011/02/01 |
| System Management Bus (SMBus) | 2.0 | 2000/08/03 |
| Trusted Platform Module (TPM) | 2.0 | 2015 |
| TWAIN | 2.1 | 2009/08/08 |
| VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE) | 3.0 | 1998/09/16 |
| UEFI Platform Initialization (PI) specification | 1.2 [9] | 2009/05 |
| Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) specification | 2.3.1 [10] | 2011/04/08 |
| UEFI Shell Specification | 2.0 | 2008/10/08 |
| Unified Display Interface (UDI) | 1.0 | |
| Universal Serial Bus (USB) | 4.0 | 2019 |
| Standard | Version | Released |
|---|---|---|
| American Standard Code for Information Interchange | ||
| Atom | 1.0 | |
| Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) | 2.1 | 2007/07/19 |
| COLLADA | 1.5.0 [11] | 2008/08 |
| Common Information Model (CIM) | 2.22 | 2009/06/25 |
| Common Gateway Interface (CGI) | 1.1 | |
| DocBook | 5.0 | |
| ECMAScript | 5.1 | 2011/06 |
| Executable and Linking Format (ELF) | 1.2 | |
| File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | ||
| Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) | 2.3 | 2004/01/29 |
| HTML | 5.2 | 2017/12/14 |
| ISO/IEC 15445:2000, ISO HTML, based on 4.01 Strict | 2000/05 | |
| HTTP | 1.1 | 1999/06 |
| ICC profile | 4.2 | 2004/10 |
| Linux Standard Base (LSB) | 4.0 | 2008/11/11 |
| MathML | 2.0 | 2003/10 |
| Message Passing Interface (MPI) | 2.2 [12] | 2009/09/04 |
| Metalink | 4.0 | 2010/06 |
| Multiboot Specification | 0.6.96 [13] | 2009 |
| OAuth | 1.0 | 2007/10/03 |
| OEmbed | 1.0 | 2008/03/21 |
| Office Open XML | 1.0 | 2006/12 |
| OpenAL | 1.1 | 2007/07/12 |
| OpenCL | 1.1 | 2010/06/11 |
| OpenDocument (ODF) | 1.2 [14] | 2011/09/30 |
| OpenEXR | 1.6.1 | 2007/10/22 |
| OpenGL | 4.0 [15] | 2010/03/11 |
| OpenGL ES | 2.0 | 2007/03 |
| OpenML | 1.0 | |
| OpenSL ES | 1.0.1 | 2009/09/24 |
| OpenVG | 1.1 | 2008/12/09 |
| OpenWF | 1.0 | 2009/11/09 |
| Open XML Paper Specification | First Edition | 2009/06/16 |
| Portable Document Format (PDF) | 2.0 | 1993/06/15 |
| Portable Network Graphics (PNG) | 1.2 | 1999/08/11 |
| POSIX | IEEE Std 1003.1-2024 | 1988 |
| PostScript | 3 | 1997 |
| RenderMan (RISpec) | 3.2.1 | 2005/11 |
| Rich Text Format (RTF) | 1.9.1 | 2008/03 |
| RSS | 2.0 | 2002/09 |
| Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) | 2.0 | 2005/03 |
| Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) | 1.2T | 2006/08/10 |
| Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) | 3 | 2004 |
| Single UNIX Specification (SUS) | 3 | 2002/01/30 |
| SOAP | 1.2 | 2003/06/24 |
| Standard Configuration File Format | 1991 | |
| Storage Management Initiative - Specification (SMI-S) | 1.1.0 | 2005 |
| Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) | 2.1 | 2005/12/13 |
| SyncML | 1.1 | 2002/04/02 |
| SQL | SQL:2016 | 2016 |
| Transport Layer Security (TLS) | 1.2 [16] | 2008/08 |
| Unified Modeling Language (UML) | 2.3 [17] | 2010/05 |
| Unicode | 16.0 | 1991/10 |
| Universal 3D (U3D) | ECMA-363 4th edition | 2007/06 |
| Universal Disk Format (UDF) | 2.60 | 2005/03/01 |
| WebGL | 1.0 | 2011/03/03 |
| Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) | 2.0 | 2002/11/06 |
| Wireless Markup Language (WML) | 2.0 | 2001 |
| XHTML | 1.1 | 2001/05/31 |
| XML | 1.1 | 2004/02/04 |
| Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) | 1.7 | 2019 |
OpenGL is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.
The Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) is a physical and logical interface defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard for 10BASE5 Ethernet and the earlier DIX standard. The physical interface consists of a 15-pin D-subminiature connector that links an Ethernet node's physical signaling to the Medium Attachment Unit (MAU), sometimes referred to as a transceiver. An AUI cable can extend up to 50 metres, though often the MAU and data terminal equipment's (DTE) medium access controller (MAC) are directly connected, bypassing the need for a cable. In Ethernet implementations where the DTE and MAU are combined, the AUI is typically omitted.
A USB and Firewire Host Controller Interface (UFHC) is a register-level interface that enables a host controller for USB or IEEE 1394 hardware to communicate with a host controller driver in software. The driver software is typically provided with an operating system of a personal computer, but may also be implemented by application-specific devices such as a microcontroller.
PictBridge is a historical computing industry standard introduced in 2003 from the Camera & Imaging Products Association (CIPA) for direct printing. It allows images to be printed directly from digital cameras to a printer, without having to connect the formal name is "Standard of Camera & Imaging Products Association CIPA DC-001 — 2003 Digital Solutions for Imaging Devices". CIPA DC-001-2003 Rev. 2.0 has been published in 2007.
Open Platform Communications (OPC) is a series of standards and specifications for industrial telecommunication. They are based on Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for process control. An industrial automation task force developed the original standard in 1996 under the name OLE for Process Control. OPC specifies the communication of real-time plant data between control devices from different manufacturers.
OpenMAX, often shortened as "OMX", is a non-proprietary and royalty-free cross-platform set of C-language programming interfaces. It provides abstractions for routines that are especially useful for processing of audio, video, and still images. It is intended for low power and embedded system devices that need to efficiently process large amounts of multimedia data in predictable ways, such as video codecs, graphics libraries, and other functions for video, image, audio, voice and speech.
The Khronos Group, Inc. is an open, non-profit, member-driven consortium of 170 organizations developing, publishing and maintaining royalty-free interoperability standards for 3D graphics, virtual reality, augmented reality, parallel computation, vision acceleration and machine learning. The open standards and associated conformance tests enable software applications and middleware to effectively harness authoring and accelerated playback of dynamic media across a wide variety of platforms and devices. The group is based in Beaverton, Oregon.
OpenGL for Embedded Systems is a subset of the OpenGL computer graphics rendering application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D computer graphics such as those used by video games, typically hardware-accelerated using a graphics processing unit (GPU). It is designed for embedded systems like smartphones, tablet computers, video game consoles and PDAs. OpenGL ES is the "most widely deployed 3D graphics API in history".
In Digital Video Broadcasting, the Common Interface is a technology which allows decryption of pay TV channels. Pay TV stations want to choose which encryption method to use. The Common Interface allows TV manufacturers to support many different pay TV stations, by allowing to plug in exchangeable conditional-access modules (CAM) for various encryption schemes.
Globally Executable MHP (GEM) is a DVB specification of a Java based middleware for TV broadcast receivers, IPTV terminals and Blu-ray players. GEM is an ETSI standard and an ITU "Recommendation”. GEM defines a set of common functionalities which are independent from the signaling and protocols of a specific transmission network and enables to write interoperable Java applications for TV. GEM is not intended to be directly implemented, but rather forms the basis for broader specifications targeting a particular network infrastructure or class of device. GEM defines profiles for different device classes (targets) – these define the set of available features of GEM for this device class. Currently GEM defines targets for broadcast, packaged media (Blu-Ray) and IPTV. Combinations of these targets can be combined into a hybrid GEM platform, which enables to build devices with multiple network interfaces, such as a combined broadcast/IPTV set-top box.
Windows Marketplace was a Microsoft platform for the delivery of software electronically that was secured by use of Windows Live ID. The digital locker platform was composed of four major components:
Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is an international standard for a secure cryptoprocessor, a dedicated microcontroller designed to secure hardware through integrated cryptographic keys. The term can also refer to a chip conforming to the standard ISO/IEC 11889. Common uses are to verify platform integrity, and to store disk encryption keys.
An online wallet is a software or web service that allows users to store and control their online shopping information, such as logins, passwords, shipping address and credit card details. It also provides a method for consumers to purchase products from online retailers.
Intel oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler and Intel C++ Compiler Classic are Intel’s C, C++, SYCL, and Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) compilers for Intel processor-based systems, available for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems.
The International Forecourt Standards Forum is a UK-based European organisation which designs standards for connecting devices on a service station forecourt, such as dispensers, Tank Level Gauges, Price Signs, Car Washes and Outdoor Payment Terminals. In recent years additional standards have been added for Electronic Funds Transfer.
The Association for Retail Technology Standards (ARTS) is an international standards organization dedicated to reducing the costs of technology through standards. Since 1993, ARTS has been delivering application standards exclusively to the retail industry. ARTS has four standards
OpenCL is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and other processors or hardware accelerators. OpenCL specifies a programming language for programming these devices and application programming interfaces (APIs) to control the platform and execute programs on the compute devices. OpenCL provides a standard interface for parallel computing using task- and data-based parallelism.
EGL is an interface between Khronos rendering APIs and the underlying native platform windowing system. EGL handles graphics context management, surface/buffer binding, rendering synchronization, and enables "high-performance, accelerated, mixed-mode 2D and 3D rendering using other Khronos APIs." EGL is managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
IEEE 1394 is an interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. It was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple in cooperation with a number of companies, primarily Sony and Panasonic. It is most commonly known by the name FireWire (Apple), though other brand names exist such as i.LINK (Sony), and Lynx.
OpenXR is an open-source, royalty-free standard for access to virtual reality and augmented reality platforms and devices. It is developed by a working group managed by the Khronos Group consortium. OpenXR was announced by the Khronos Group on February 27, 2017, during GDC 2017. A provisional version of the standard was released on March 18, 2019, to enable developers and implementers to provide feedback on it. On July 29, 2019, OpenXR 1.0 was released to the public by Khronos Group at SIGGRAPH 2019 and on April 15, 2024, OpenXR 1.1 was released by Khronos.
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