List of crotaline species and subspecies

Last updated September 05, 2025

This is a list of all sure genera, species and subspecies of the subfamily Crotalinae,^[1] otherwise referred to as crotalines, pit vipers, or pitvipers, and including rattlesnakes Crotalus and Sistrurus . This list follows the taxonomy as of 2007 provided by ITIS, which was based on the continuing work of Dr. Roy McDiarmid.^[2] with the addition of more recently described species.

Species list

Agkistrodon , American ground pit vipers
- Agkistrodon bilineatus , Mexican ground pit viper
- Agkistrodon contortrix , Copperhead
  - Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix , Eastern copperhead
  - Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus , Broad-banded copperhead
  - Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen , Northern copperhead
  - Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster , Osage copperhead
  - Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster , Trans-Pecos copperhead
- Agkistrodon howardgloydi , Castellana
- Agkistrodon piscivorus , Cottonmouth also known as the Water Moccasin
  - Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti , Florida cottonmouth
  - Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma , Western cottonmouth
  - Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus , Eastern cottonmouth
- Agkistrodon russeolus , Yucatecan ground pit viper
- Agkistrodon taylori , Taylor's ground pit viper
Atropoides , Jumping pit vipers
- Atropoides picadoi , Picado's jumping pit viper
Bothriechis , American palm pit vipers
- Bothriechis aurifer , Yellow-blotched palm pit viper
- Bothriechis bicolor , Guatemalan palm pit viper
- Bothriechis guifarroi , Guifarro's palm pit viper
- Bothriechis lateralis , Side-striped palm pit viper
- Bothriechis marchi , Honduran palm pit viper
- Bothriechis nigroviridis , Black-speckled palm pit viper
- Bothriechis nubestris , Talamancan palm pit viper
- Bothriechis rowleyi , Mexican palm pit viper
- Bothriechis schlegelii , Eyelash viper
- Bothriechis supraciliaris , Blotched palm pit viper
- Bothriechis thalassinus , Merendon palm pit viper
Bothrocophias
- Bothrocophias andianus , Andean lancehead
- Bothrocophias campbelli , Ecuadorian toad-headed pit viper
- Bothrocophias colombianus , Colombian toad-headed pit viper
- Bothrocophias hyoprora , Amazonian toad-headed pit viper
- Bothrocophias microphthalmus , Small-eyed toad-headed pit viper
- Bothrocophias myersi , Chocoan toadheaded pit viper, Equis red snake
Bothrops , American lanceheads
- Bothrops alcatraz
- Bothrops alternatus , Urutu
- Bothrops ammodytoides , Patagonian lancehead
- Bothrops asper , Terciopelo/Fer-de-lance
- Bothrops atrox , Common lancehead
- Bothrops barnetti , Barnett's lancehead
- Bothrops bilineatus , Two-striped forest pit viper
  - Bothriopsis bilineatus bilineatus
  - Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus
- Bothrops brazili , Brazil's lancehead
- Bothrops caribbaeus , Saint Lucia lancehead
- Bothrops cotiara , Cotiara
- Bothrops diporus , Chaco lancehead
- Bothrops erythromelas , Caatinga lancehead
- Bothrops fonsecai , Fonseca's lancehead
- Bothrops insularis , Golden lancehead
- Bothrops itapetiningae , São Paulo lancehead
- Bothrops jararaca , Jararaca
- Bothrops jararacussu , Jararacussu
- Bothrops jonathani , Cochabamba lancehead
- Bothrops lanceolatus , Martinique lancehead
- Bothrops leucurus , Bahia lancehead
- Bothrops lojanus , Lojan lancehead
- Bothrops lutzi , Cerrado lancehead
- Bothrops marajoensis , Marajó lancehead
- Bothrops marmoratus
- Bothrops mattogrossensis , Mato Grosso lancehead
- Bothrops medusa , Venezuelan forest pit viper
- Bothrops monsignifer
- Bothrops moojeni , Brazilian lancehead
- Bothrops muriciensis , Murici lancehead
- Bothrops neuwiedi , Neuwied's lancehead
  - Bothrops neuwiedi paramanensis
- Bothrops oligobalius
- Bothrops oligolepis , Peruvian forest pit viper
- Bothrops osbornei
- Bothrops otavioi
- Bothrops pauloensis , Black-faced lancehead
- Bothrops pictus , Desert lancehead
- Bothrops pirajai , Piraja's lancehead
- Bothrops pubescens , Pampas lancehead
- Bothrops pulcher , Andean forest pit viper
- Bothrops punctatus , Chocoan lancehead
- Bothrops sanctaecrucis , Bolivian lancehead
- Bothrops sazimai , Franceses Island lancehead
- Bothrops sonene
- Bothrops taeniatus , Speckled forest pit viper
  - Bothrops taeniatus lichenosus
  - Bothriopsis taeniatus taeniatus
- Bothrops venezuelensis , Venezuelan lancehead
Calloselasma , Malayan ground pit vipers
- Calloselasma rhodostoma , Malayan ground pit viper
Cerrophidion , American mountain pit vipers (montane pit vipers)
- Cerrophidion godmani , Godman's montane pit viper
- Cerrophidion petlalcalensis , Godman's montane pit viper
- Cerrophidion sasai , Costa Rica montane pit viper
- Cerrophidion tzotzilorum , Tzotzil montane pit viper
- Cerrophidion wilsoni , Honduras montane pit viper
Crotalus , Common rattlesnakes
- Crotalus adamanteus , Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
- Crotalus angelensis , Angel de la Guarda Island speckled rattlesnake
- Crotalus aquilus , Queretaran dusky rattlesnake
- Crotalus armstrongi , Western dusky rattlesnake
- Crotalus atrox , Western diamondback rattlesnake
- Crotalus basiliscus , Mexican west coast rattlesnake
- Crotalus campbelli
- Crotalus catalinensis , Santa Catalina rattlesnake
- Crotalus cerastes , Sidewinder
  - Crotalus cerastes cerastes , Mojave desert sidewinder
  - Crotalus cerastes cercobombus , Sonoran sidewinder
  - Crotalus cerastes laterorepens , Colorado desert sidewinder
- Crotalus culminatus , Northwestern neotropical rattlesnake
- Crotalus durissus , South American rattlesnake
  - Crotalus durissus cumanensis , Venezuelan rattlesnake
  - Crotalus durissus durissus , Cascabel rattlesnake
  - Crotalus durissus marajoensis , Marajoan rattlesnake
  - Crotalus durissus maricelae
  - Crotalus durissus ruruima , Mt. Roraima rattlesnake
  - Crotalus durissus terrificus , South American rattlesnake
  - Crotalus durissus trigonicus , Rupunini rattlesnake
  - Crotalus durissus unicolor , Aruba Island rattlesnake
  - Crotalus durissus vegrandis , Uracoan rattlesnake
- Crotalus ehecatl
- Crotalus enyo , Baja rattlesnake
  - Crotalus enyo cerralvensis , Cerralvo Island rattlesnake
  - Crotalus enyo enyo , Lower California rattlesnake
  - Crotalus enyo furvus , Rosario rattlesnake
- Crotalus ericsmithi
- Crotalus estebanensis , San Esteban Island black-tailed rattlesnake
- Crotalus horridus , Timber rattlesnake
- Crotalus intermedius , Mexican small-headed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus intermedius gloydi , Oaxacan small-headed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus intermedius intermedius , Totalcan small-headed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus intermedius omiltemanus , Omilteman small-headed rattlesnake
- Crotalus lannomi , Autlan rattlesnake
- Crotalus lepidus , Rock rattlesnake
  - Crotalus lepidus klauberi , Banded rock rattlesnake
  - Crotalus lepidus lepidus , Mottled rock rattlesnake
  - Crotalus lepidus maculosus , Durango rock rattlesnake
- Crotalus mictlantecuhtli
- Crotalus mitchellii , Speckled rattlesnake
  - Crotalus mitchellii mitchellii , San Lucan speckled rattlesnake
  - Crotalus mitchellii muertensis , El Muerto Island speckled rattlesnake
- Crotalus molossus , Black-tailed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus molossus molossus , Northern black-tailed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus molossus nigrescens , Mexican black-tailed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus molossus oaxacus , Oaxacan black-tailed rattlesnake
- Crotalus morulus , Tamaulipan rock rattlesnake
- Crotalus oreganus , Western rattlesnake
  - Crotalus oreganus abyssus , Grand Canyon rattlesnake
  - Crotalus oreganus caliginis , Coronado Island rattlesnake
  - Crotalus oreganus cerberus , Arizona black rattlesnake
  - Crotalus oreganus concolor , Midget faded rattlesnake
  - Crotalus oreganus helleri , Southern Pacific rattlesnake
  - Crotalus oreganus lutosus , Great Basin rattlesnake
  - Crotalus oreganus oreganus , Northern Pacific rattlesnake
- Crotalus ornatus , Eastern black-tailed rattlesnake
- Crotalus polisi
- Crotalus polystictus , Mexican lancehead rattlesnake
- Crotalus pricei , Twin-spotted rattlesnake
  - Crotalus pricei miquihuanus , Eastern twin-spotted rattlesnake
  - Crotalus pricei pricei , Western twin-spotted rattlesnake
- Crotalus pusillus , Tancitaran dusky rattlesnake
- Crotalus pyrrhus , Southwestern speckled rattlesnake
- Crotalus ravus , Mexican pygmy rattlesnake
  - Crotalus ravus brunneus , Oaxacan pygmy rattlesnake
  - Crotalus ravus exigus , Guerreran pygmy rattlesnake
  - Sistrurus ravus ravus , Central Plateau pygmy rattlesnake
- Crotalus ruber , Red diamond rattlesnake
  - Crotalus ruber exsul , Cedros Island red diamond rattlesnake
  - Crotalus ruber lorenzoensis , San Lorenzo Island red diamond rattlesnake
  - Crotalus ruber lucasensis , San Lucan red diamond rattlesnake
  - Crotalus ruber ruber , Red diamond rattlesnake
- Crotalus scutulatus , Mojave rattlesnake
  - Crotalus scutulatus salvini , Huamantlan rattlesnake
  - Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus , Mojave rattlesnake
- Crotalus simus , Middle American rattlesnake
- Crotalus stejnegeri , Long-tailed rattlesnake
- Crotalus stephensi , Panamint rattlesnake
- Crotalus tancitarensis Tancitaro rattlesnake
- Crotalus thalassoporus Louse Island speckled rattlesnake
- Crotalus tigris , Tiger rattlesnake
- Crotalus tlaloci
- Crotalus tortugensis , Tortuga Island diamond rattlesnake
- Crotalus totonacus , Totonacan rattlesnake
- Crotalus transversus , Cross-banded mountain rattlesnake
- Crotalus triseriatus , Dusky rattlesnake
- Crotalus tzabcan , Yucatán neotropical rattlesnake
- Crotalus viridis , Prairie rattlesnake
  - Crotalus viridis nuntius , Hopi rattlesnake
  - Crotalus viridis viridis , Prairie rattlesnake
- Crotalus willardi , Ridge-nosed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus willardi amabilis , Del Nido ridge-nosed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus willardi meridionalis , Southern ridge-nosed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus willardi obscurus , New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus willardi silus , Western Chihuahuan ridge-nosed rattlesnake
  - Crotalus willardi willardi , Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake
Deinagkistrodon , Hundred-pace vipers
- Deinagkistrodon acutus , Hundred-pace viper
Garthius
- Garthius chaseni , Mount Kinabalu pit viper
Gloydius Asian ground pit vipers
- Gloydius angusticeps
- Gloydius blomhoffii , Japanese mamushi
  - Gloydius blomhoffii blomhoffii , Japanese mamushi
  - Gloydius blomhoffii dubitatus , Tung Ling mamushi
  - Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus , Yangtze mamushi
- Gloydius brevicaudus , Short-tailed mamushi
- Gloydius caraganus , Karaganda pit viper
- Gloydius caucasicus , Caucasian pit viper
- Gloydius cognatus , Alashan pit viper
- Gloydius halys , Siberian pit viper
  - Gloydius halys boehmei , Boehme's pit viper
  - Gloydius halys halys , Siberian pit viper
- Gloydius himalayanus , Himalayan pit viper
- Gloydius huangi
- Gloydius intermedius , Central Asian pit viper
- Gloydius lijianlii
- Gloydius liupanensis
- Gloydius monticola , Likiang pit viper
- Gloydius qinlingensis
- Gloydius rickmersi
- Gloydius rubromaculatus
- Gloydius saxatilis , Rock mamushi
- Gloydius shedaoensis , Shedao island pit viper
- Gloydius stejnegeri , Gobi pit viper
- Gloydius strauchi , Strauch's pit viper
- Gloydius tsushimaensis
- Gloydius ussuriensis , Ussuri mamushi
Hypnale , Humpnosed vipers
- Hypnale hypnale , Humpnosed viper
- Hypnale nepa , Sri Lankan humpnosed viper
- Hypnale zara , Lowlands humpnosed viper
Lachesis , Bushmasters
- Lachesis acrochorda , Chocoan bushmaster
- Lachesis melanocephala , Black-headed bushmaster
- Lachesis muta , South American bushmaster
  - Lachesis muta muta , South American bushmaster
  - Lachesis muta rhombeata , Atlantic forest bushmaster. As of 2024, it has been elevated to a full species, Lachesis rhombeata ^[3]
- Lachesis stenophrys , Central American bushmaster
Metlapilcoatlus , Jumping vipers
- Metlapilcoatlus indomitus
- Metlapilcoatlus mexicanus , Central American jumping pit viper
- Metlapilcoatlus nummifer , Mexican jumping pit viper
- Metlapilcoatlus occiduus , Guatemalan jumping pit viper
- Metlapilcoatlus olmec , Tuxtlan jumping pit viper
Mixcoatlus , Cloud montane pitvipers
- Mixcoatlus barbouri , Barbour's montane pit viper
- Mixcoatlus browni , Mexican montane pit viper
- Mixcoatlus melanurus , Black-tailed horned pit viper
Ophryacus , Mexican horned pit vipers
- Ophryacus smaragdinus , Emerald horned pit viper
- Ophryacus sphenophrys , Broad-horned pit viper
- Ophryacus undulatus , Mexican horned pit viper
Ovophis , Asian mountain pit vipers
- Ovophis jenkinsi , Jenkins' mountain pitviper
- Ovophis monticola , Mountain pit viper
  - Ovophis convictus , Indo-Malayan mountain pit viper
  - Ovophis makazayazaya , Taiwan mountain pit viper
  - Ovophis monticola monticola , Mountain pit viper
  - Ovophis monticola zhaokentangi , Gaoligong mountain pit viper
- Ovophis okinavensis , Okinawa pit viper
- Ovophis tonkinensis , Tonkin pit viper
- Ovophis zayuensis , Zayuan mountain pit viper
Porthidium , Hog-nosed pit vipers
- Porthidium arcosae , Manabí hog-nosed pit viper
- Porthidium dunni , Dunn's hog-nosed pit viper
- Porthidium hespere , Colima hog-nosed pitviper
- Porthidium lansbergii , Lansberg's hog-nosed pit viper
  - Porthidium lansbergii hutmanni
  - Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii , Lansberg's hog-nosed pit viper
  - Porthidium lansbergii rozei
- Porthidium nasutum , Rainforest hog-nosed pit viper
- Porthidium ophryomegas , Slender hog-nosed pit viper
- Porthidium porrasi
- Porthidium volcanicum , Ujarran hog-nosed pit viper
- Porthidium yucatanicum , Yucatán hog-nosed pit viper
Protobothrops
- Protobothrops cornutus
- Protobothrops dabieshanensis , Dabie Mountains pit viper
- Protobothrops elegans , Elegant pit viper
- Protobothrops flavoviridis
- Protobothrops himalayanus
- Protobothrops jerdonii , Jerdon's pit viper
  - Protobothrops jerdonii bourreti , Bourret's pit viper
  - Protobothrops jerdonii jerdonii , Jerdon's pit viper
  - Protobothrops jerdonii xanthomelas , Red-spotted pit viper
- Protobothrops kaulbacki , Kaulback's lance-headed pit viper
- Protobothrops kelomohy , Omkoi lance-headed pitviper
- Protobothrops mangshanensis , Mangshan pit viper, Mt. Mang pit viper, Mang Mountain pit viper
- Protobothrops maolanensis , Mao-lan pit viper
- Protobothrops mucrosquamatus , Brown spotted pit viper
- Protobothrops sieversorum , Three horned-scaled pit viper
- Protobothrops tokarensis , Tokara habu
- Protobothrops trungkhanhensis , Trungkhanh pit viper
- Protobothrops xiangchengensis , Szechwan pit viper, Kham plateau pit viper
Sistrurus , Pygmy rattlesnakes
- Sistrurus catenatus , Massasauga
  - Sistrurus catenatus catenatus , Eastern massasauga
  - Sistrurus tergeminus edwardsii , Desert massasauga
  - Sistrurus tergeminus tergeminus , Western massasauga
- Sistrurus miliarius , Pygmy rattlesnake
  - Sistrurus miliarius barbouri , Dusky pygmy rattlesnake
  - Sistrurus miliarius miliarius , Carolina pygmy rattlesnake
  - Sistrurus miliarius streckeri , Western pygmy rattlesnake
Trimeresurus , Asian lanceheads (tree pit vipers)
- Trimeresurus albolabris , White-lipped pit viper
- Trimeresurus andalasensis
- Trimeresurus andersoni , Nicobar mangrove pit viper
- Trimeresurus arunachalensis
- Trimeresurus borneensis , Bornean pit viper
- Trimeresurus brongersmai , Brongersma's pit viper
- Trimeresurus cantori , Cantor's pit viper
- Trimeresurus cardamomensis
- Trimeresurus erythrurus , Red-tailed bamboo pit viper
- Trimeresurus fasciatus , Banded pit viper
- Trimeresurus flavomaculatus , Philippine pit viper
  - Trimeresurus flavomaculatus flavomaculatus , Philippine pit viper
  - Trimeresurus flavomaculatus halieus
- Trimeresurus gracilis , Kikushi habu
- Trimeresurus gramineus , Bamboo pit viper
- Trimeresurus gumprechti
- Trimeresurus gunaleni
- Trimeresurus hageni , Hagen's pit viper
- Trimeresurus honsonensis
- Trimeresurus insularis , White-lipped island pit viper
- Trimeresurus kanburiensis , Kanburi pit viper
- Trimeresurus labialis , Nicobar bamboo pit viper
- Trimeresurus macrolepis , Large-scaled pit viper
- Trimeresurus macrops , Large-eyed pit viper
- Trimeresurus malabaricus , Malabar rock pit viper
- Trimeresurus malcolmi , Malcolm's pit viper
- Trimeresurus mcgregori , McGregor's pit viper
- Trimeresurus medoensis , Motuo bamboo pit viper
- Trimeresurus mutabilis
- Trimeresurus nebularis
- Trimeresurus phuketensis
- Trimeresurus popeiorum , Pope's bamboo pit viper
  - Trimeresurus popeiorum barati , Barat bamboo pit viper
  - Trimeresurus popeiorum popeiorum , Pope's bamboo pit viper
- Trimeresurus puniceus , Flat-nosed pit viper
- Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus , Mangrove pit viper
- Trimeresurus rubeus
- Trimeresurus sabahi , Sabah bamboo pit viper
- Trimeresurus salazar
- Trimeresurus schultzei , Schultze's pit viper
- Trimeresurus septentrionalis , Northern white-lipped pit viper
- Trimeresurus sichuanensis
- Trimeresurus stejnegeri , Stejneger's bamboo pit viper
  - Trimeresurus stejnegeri chenbihuii , Chen's bamboo pit viper
  - Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri , Stejneger's bamboo pit viper
- Trimeresurus strigatus , Horseshoe pit viper
- Trimeresurus sumatranus , Sumatran pit viper
- Trimeresurus tibetanus , Tibetan bamboo pit viper
- Trimeresurus trigonocephalus , Sri Lankan green pit viper
- Trimeresurus truongsonensis
- Trimeresurus venustus
- Trimeresurus vogeli
- Trimeresurus wiroti
- Trimeresurus yingjiangensis
- Trimeresurus yunnanensis , Yunnan bamboo pit viper
Tropidolaemus , Temple pit vipers
- Tropidolaemus huttoni , Hutton's pit viper
- Tropidolaemus laticinctus , Broad-banded temple pit viper
- Tropidolaemus subannulatus , Bornean keeled green pit viper
- Tropidolaemus wagleri , Wagler's pit viper

References

↑ "Crotalinae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 28 December 2007.
↑ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
↑ When a name changes everything: taxonomy and conservation of the Atlantic bushmaster (Lachesis Daudin, 1803) (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae)

Silva, V. X., & Rodrigues, M. T. (2008). Taxonomic revision of the Bothrops neuwiedi complex (Serpentes, Viperidae) with description of a new species. Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 7 (1), 45. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v7i1p45-90.

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[ITIS-1] "Crotalinae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 28 December 2007.

[McD99-2] McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).

[3] When a name changes everything: taxonomy and conservation of the Atlantic bushmaster (Lachesis Daudin, 1803) (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae)

[1]

[2]

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