Protobothrops mangshanensis

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Protobothrops mangshanensis
Protobothrops mangshanensis mang pitviper LA zoo top.jpg
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Genus: Protobothrops
Species:
P. mangshanensis
Binomial name
Protobothrops mangshanensis
(Zhao, 1990)
Synonyms
  • Trimeresurus mangshanensis
    Zhao In Zhao & Chen, 1990
  • Ermia mangshanensis
    — Zhang, 1993
  • Trimeresurus mangshanensis
    — McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré, 1999 [3]
  • Zhaoermia mangshanensis
    — Gumprecht & Tillack, 2004
    (nomen novum)
  • Protobothrops mangshanensis
    — Guo et al., 2007
  • Protobothrops mangshanensis
    — Orlov et al., 2009 [4]

Protobothrops mangshanensis, commonly known as the Mangshan pit viper, [1] Mangshan pitviper, Mt. Mang pitviper, or Mang Mountain pitviper, [4] [5] [6] is a venomous pit viper species endemic to Hunan and Guangdong provinces in China. [1] [3] No subspecies are currently recognized. [4] [5] This is a nocturnal pit viper that is also known as the ''Mangshan iron-head snake'', ''Chinese pit viper'', and the ''Ironhead viper''. They eat frogs, birds, insects, and small mammals. They have a white tail tip that they wiggle to mimic a grub so that prey comes into striking range—a behaviour known as caudal luring. The venom causes blood clotting and corrodes muscle tissue and can be fatal to humans if not treated. Unusually for vipers, P. mangshanensis is oviparous with the female laying clutches of 13–21 eggs which she will guard until they hatch. [7]

Contents

Description

The species reaches an adult weight of 3–5 kilograms (6.6–11.0 lb) and a length of up to 203 centimetres (6.66 ft). [8]

It is sometimes claimed that P. mangshanensis "spits" venom, in a manner similar to spitting cobras, but this has been disproven. [9]

Geographic range

The species is known from the type locality: "Pingkeng, Mangshan (Mt. Mang), Yizhang County, Hunan", [3] as well as from Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County in Guangdong province, both in southern China. [1]

Conservation status

This species is listed as "Endangered" by the IUCN on the basis that this species has an extent of occurrence and area of occupancy both unlikely to exceed 300 km2 (120 sq mi), it is known from two locations at risk from harvesting for the international pet trade and as a local delicacy, and there is a continuing decline in the number of mature individuals. [1]

Habitat

Trimeresurus mangshanensis.jpg

This pitviper is found in mountainous regions in southern Hunan and northern Guangdong at elevations of 800–1,300 m (2,600–4,300 ft) above sea level. [1] Although first discovered in the Mt. Mang mountain range, it is also found in surrounding areas, primarily in subtropical montane forest with thick vegetation and cover. It is often found lying along lichen-covered logs and other structures along animal trails to ambush prey, and can also be found in the numerous limestone caves in the region. Winter temperatures in the region come close to freezing, whilst summer temperatures can reach 30 °C (86 °F) or higher.

Taxonomy

This species was originally described in the genus Trimeresurus . A new genus, Ermia, named in honor of Chinese herpetologist Zhao Ermi, was erected for the species in 1993. [10] However, by coincidence, this generic name was already in use for a genus of locusts. The new generic name Zhaoermia was therefore proposed as a replacement name for Ermia. [11] More recently, Guo et al. (2007) [12] transferred the species to the genus Protobothrops, based on evidence T. mangshanensis is phylogenetically nested within the existing species of that genus. The species is therefore currently known as Protobothrops mangshanensis.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Trimeresurus stejnegeri</i> Species of snake

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tokara habu</span> Species of snake

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<i>Trimeresurus kanburiensis</i> Species of snake

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<i>Trimeresurus sumatranus</i> Species of snake

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<i>Protobothrops xiangchengensis</i> Species of snake

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<i>Craspedocephalus brongersmai</i> Species of snake

Craspedocephalus brongersmai, also known commonly as Brongersma's pit viper, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to islands off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. No subspecies are currently recognized.

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<i>Trimeresurus gracilis</i> Species of snake

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<i>Trimeresurus insularis</i> Species of snake

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zhou, Z. (2012). "Protobothrops mangshanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T192140A2046130. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192140A2046130.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. 1 2 3 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN   1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN   1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  4. 1 2 3 Protobothrops mangshanensis at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 23 August 2021.
  5. 1 2 "Protobothrops mangshanensis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  6. ↑ Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S. 2004. Asian Pitvipers. Geitje Books. Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. ISBN   3-937975-00-4.
  7. ↑ O'Shea, Mark. The book of snakes : a life-size guide to six hundred species from around the world. ISBN   978-1-78240-559-7. OCLC   1019611756.
  8. ↑ "Mangshan Pit Viper". Archived from the original on 2018-11-11. Retrieved 2018-12-13.
  9. ↑ "Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens | Pit Viper, Mangshan".
  10. ↑ Zhang F.-J. (1993), Division of the genus Trimeresurus (sensu lato) (Serpentes: Viperidae), based on the morphology of their skulls,” in: E.-M. Zhao, B.-H. Chen, and T. J. Papenfuss (eds.), Proc. of the First Asian Herpetol. Meeting, Huangshan, China. Forestry Press. Beijing. pp. 48 – 57.
  11. ↑ Gumprecht A, Tillack F. 2004. Proposal for a replacement name of the snake genus Ermia Zhang, 1993. Russ. J. Herpetol. 11 (1): 73-76.
  12. ↑ Guo, P., A. Malhotra, P.P. Li, C.E. Pook & S. Creer (2007) New evidence on the phylogenetic position of the poorly known Asian pitviper Protobothrops kaulbacki (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) with a redescription of the species and a revision of the genus Protobothrops. Herpetological Journal 17: 237-246.

Further reading

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