List of deepest caves

Last updated

This list of deepest caves includes the deepest known natural caves according to maximum surveyed depth as of 2024. The depth value is measured from the highest to the lowest accessible cave point.

Contents


#NameDepth (m)Length (km)Countrycoordinates
1 Krubera-Voronja Cave 2224 [1] [2] [3] 23.0 km (14.3 mi) [4] [5] Abkhazia / Georgia 43°25′04.0″N40°18′35.4″E / 43.417778°N 40.309833°E / 43.417778; 40.309833 (Krubera-Voronja Cave)
2 Veryovkina Cave 2209 [6] 17.5 km (10.9 mi) [7] Abkhazia / Georgia 43°23′51″N40°21′34.9″E / 43.39750°N 40.359694°E / 43.39750; 40.359694 (Veryovkina)
3 Sarma cave 1830 [1] [8] 19.2 km (11.9 mi) [8] Abkhazia / Georgia 43°24′56.2″N40°21′50″E / 43.415611°N 40.36389°E / 43.415611; 40.36389 (Sarma Cave)
4 Snezhnaja cave  [ ru ]1760 [9] 40.8 km (25.4 mi) Abkhazia / Georgia 43°15′53″N40°43′06″E / 43.26472°N 40.71833°E / 43.26472; 40.71833 (Snezhnaja cave)
5 Lamprechtsofen 1727 [10] 61.0 km (37.9 mi) [10] Austria 47°31′34″N12°44′21″E / 47.52611°N 12.73917°E / 47.52611; 12.73917 (Lamprechtsofen)
6 Gouffre Mirolda 1661 [11] [12] 22.0 km (13.7 mi) [11] France 46°05′19.9″N6°46′14.0″E / 46.088861°N 6.770556°E / 46.088861; 6.770556 (Gouffre Mirolda)
7 Gouffre Jean-Bernard 1612 [13] 29.5 km (18.3 mi) [14] France 46°06′08″N6°46′46.6″E / 46.10222°N 6.779611°E / 46.10222; 6.779611 (Gouffre Jean-Bernard)
8 Sistema del Cerro del Cuevón  [ es ]1589 [15] 7.0 km (4.3 mi) Spain 43°13′14″N4°51′37″W / 43.22056°N 4.86028°W / 43.22056; -4.86028 (Torca del Cerro del Cuevón)
9 Hirlatzhöhle 1560 [16] 117.8 km (73.2 mi) [16] [10] Austria 47°32′41.9″N13°37′51.5″E / 47.544972°N 13.630972°E / 47.544972; 13.630972 (Hirlatzhöhle)
10 Sistema Huautla 1560 [17] 100.2 km (62.3 mi) [18] Mexico 18°07′16.37″N96°48′00.03″W / 18.1212139°N 96.8000083°W / 18.1212139; -96.8000083 (Sótano de San Agustin, Sistema Huautla)
11 Chevé Cave 1529 [19] 87.2 km (54.2 mi) [18] Mexico 17°51′51.6″N96°47′39.6″W / 17.864333°N 96.794333°W / 17.864333; -96.794333 (Chevé Cave)
12 Boybuloq 1517 [20] 18.4 km (11.4 mi) [21] Uzbekistan 38°23′04″N67°30′06″E / 38.38444°N 67.50167°E / 38.38444; 67.50167 (Boybuloq Cave)
13 Pantjuhinskaja Cave  [ ru ]1508 [4] 7.9 km (4.9 mi) Abkhazia / Georgia 43°19′54.4″N40°29′56.9″E / 43.331778°N 40.499139°E / 43.331778; 40.499139 (Pantjuhinskaja Cave)
14Sima de la Cornisa1507 [15] [22] 6.4 km (4.0 mi) Spain 43°10′45″N04°51′51″W / 43.17917°N 4.86417°W / 43.17917; -4.86417 (Sima de la Cornisa)
15 Čehi 2 1505 [23] 5.5 km (3.4 mi) [23] Slovenia 46°22′01″N13°30′36″E / 46.36694°N 13.51000°E / 46.36694; 13.51000 (Čehi 2)
16 Sistema del Trave  [ fr ]1441 [15] 9.1 km (5.7 mi) Spain 43°13′16″N04°51′29″W / 43.22111°N 4.85806°W / 43.22111; -4.85806 (Sistema del Trave)
17 Velebit caves 1431 [24] [25] 3.7 km (2.3 mi) Croatia 44°46′01″N15°01′35″E / 44.76694°N 15.02639°E / 44.76694; 15.02639 (Velebit caves)
18 Egma Sinkhole 1429 [26] 3.1 km (1.9 mi) [27] Turkey 36°18′54″N32°46′44″E / 36.31500°N 32.77889°E / 36.31500; 32.77889 (Egma Sinkhole)
19 Gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Martin 1410 [28] 88.1 km (54.7 mi). France, Spain 42°58′05″N0°46′10″W / 42.96806°N 0.76944°W / 42.96806; -0.76944 (Gouffre de La Pierre Saint-Martin)
20 Kuzgun Cave  [ ru ]1400 [29] 3.1 km (1.9 mi) Turkey 37°50′13.50″N35°17′12.31″E / 37.8370833°N 35.2867528°E / 37.8370833; 35.2867528 (Kuzgun Cave)
21Hochscharten-Höhlensystem1394 [10] [30] 14.6 km (9.1 mi) Austria 47°35′10.8″N13°05′40.1″E / 47.586333°N 13.094472°E / 47.586333; 13.094472 (Hochschartehöhlensystem)
22 Črnelsko brezno  [ sl ]1393 [23] [31] 20.0 km (12.4 mi) [23] Slovenia 46°22′25.8″N13°30′56.5″E / 46.373833°N 13.515694°E / 46.373833; 13.515694 (Črnelsko brezno sistem)
23Abisso Paolo Roversi1360 [32] [33] 4.2 km (2.6 mi) Italy 44°06′43.5″N10°13′32.9″E / 44.112083°N 10.225806°E / 44.112083; 10.225806 (Abisso Paolo Roversi)
24Sistema Arañonera-Tendenera1349 [15] [34] [35] 46.3 km (28.8 mi) Spain 42°40′45.8″N0°08′33.4″W / 42.679389°N 0.142611°W / 42.679389; -0.142611 (Sistema Arañonera-Tendenera)
25Sima del Sabbat (B112)1346 [15] [36] [37] 6.7 km (4.2 mi) Spain 42°30′59.1″N0°18′27.8″E / 42.516417°N 0.307722°E / 42.516417; 0.307722 (Sima del Sabbat (B112))
26 BU 56  [ fr ]1340 [38] 38.9 km (24.2 mi) Spain 42°55′37.4″N0°45′28.1″W / 42.927056°N 0.757806°W / 42.927056; -0.757806 (BU 56)
27 Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle 1340 [39] [40] 164.5 km (102.2 mi) Switzerland 46°47′1.76″N7°54′4.43″E / 46.7838222°N 7.9012306°E / 46.7838222; 7.9012306 (Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle)
28 Nedam (jama)  [ hr ]1335 [41] [42] 3.3 km (2.1 mi) Croatia 44°45′41.4″N15°01′56.0″E / 44.761500°N 15.032222°E / 44.761500; 15.032222 (Nedam jama)
29 Slovačka jama  [ hr ]1324 [43] [25] 6.4 km (4.0 mi) Croatia 44°44′53″N15°00′16″E / 44.74806°N 15.00444°E / 44.74806; 15.00444 (Slovačka jama)
30 Renetovo brezno  [ sl ]1322 [23] 13.3 km (8.3 mi) [23] Slovenia 46°21′18.9″N13°26′42.4″E / 46.355250°N 13.445111°E / 46.355250; 13.445111 (Renetovo brezno)
31Mala Boka1319 [23] [44] [45] 11.9 km (7.4 mi) [23] Slovenia 46°19′16.6″N13°29′28.6″E / 46.321278°N 13.491278°E / 46.321278; 13.491278 (Mala Boka - Polska Jama (BC4) System)
32 Complesso del Releccio Alfredo Bini  [ it ]1313 [46] 25.3 km (15.7 mi) Italy 45°57′27.6″N9°22′52.8″E / 45.957667°N 9.381333°E / 45.957667; 9.381333 (Complesso del Releccio Alfredo Bini)
33Jojar Cave1300 [47] 2.2 km (1.4 mi) Iran 34°25′31.2″N47°16′51.6″E / 34.425333°N 47.281000°E / 34.425333; 47.281000 (Jojar Cave)
34 Cosanostraloch - Berger - Platteneck Höhlensystem  [ de ]1291 [16] [48] 30.3 km (18.8 mi) Austria 47°33′27″N13°13′16″E / 47.55750°N 13.22111°E / 47.55750; 13.22111 (Cosanostraloch - Berger - Platteneck Höhlensystem)
35Iljuhinskaja1286 [49] [50] 8.9 km (5.5 mi) Abkhazia / Georgia 43°25′53″N40°21′10″E / 43.43146°N 40.35288°E / 43.43146; 40.35288 (Vladimir V. Iljukhina System)
36 Višnevskij cave 1283 [51] [52] 8.5 km (5.3 mi) [51] Uzbekistan 38°22′27″N67°31′58″E / 38.37417°N 67.53278°E / 38.37417; 67.53278 (Višnevskij cave)
37Cueva Charco1278 [53] [54] 6.7 km (4.2 mi) [18] Mexico 17°56′12″N96°46′25.8″W / 17.93667°N 96.773833°W / 17.93667; -96.773833 (Cueva Charco)
38 Morca Cave 1276 [55] [56] 5.7 km (3.5 mi) [57] Turkey 36°18′33.7″N32°39′37.4″E / 36.309361°N 32.660389°E / 36.309361; 32.660389 (Morca Cave)
39 Gouffre Berger 1271 [58] 45.0 km (28.0 mi) France 45°13′09″N5°36′17.2″E / 45.21917°N 5.604778°E / 45.21917; 5.604778 (Gouffre Berger)
40 Sistema del (Pozu) Xitu - Cueva de Culiembro  [ es ]1264 [15] [59] 10.7 km (6.6 mi) Spain 43°14′25.8″N4°55′36.9″W / 43.240500°N 4.926917°W / 43.240500; -4.926917 (Sistema del Jitu)
41Moskovskaja1260 [1] 2.5 km (1.6 mi) Abkhazia / Georgia 43°26′30″N40°22′56.7″E / 43.44167°N 40.382417°E / 43.44167; 40.382417 (Moskovskaja)
42Réseau du Casoar1258 [60] [61] 17.3 km (10.7 mi) Papua New Guinea 5°28′53″S151°20′46″E / 5.48139°S 151.34611°E / -5.48139; 151.34611 (Réseau du Casoar)
43Torca dos los Rebecos1255 [15] [62] 2.2 km (1.4 mi) Spain 43°13′01.8″N4°51′28.7″W / 43.217167°N 4.857972°W / 43.217167; -4.857972 (Torca dos los Rebecos)
44Pozo del Madejuno1252 [15] [63] 2.8 km (1.7 mi) Spain 43°10′05.4″N4°50′40.5″W / 43.168167°N 4.844583°W / 43.168167; -4.844583 (Pozo del Madejuno)
45Sistema J21229 [64] [65] 14.8 km (9.2 mi) Mexico 17°54′13.75″N96°45′46.76″W / 17.9038194°N 96.7629889°W / 17.9038194; -96.7629889
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Gouffre Jean-Bernard or Réseau Jean Bernard, sometimes known simply as Jean Bernard, is the seventh deepest cave in the world, and the third deepest one in Europe. It is in the Alps in Samoëns, France. The first entrance to the cave was found by the French caving group Groupe Vulcain in 1963. More entrances have been found over the years since, and currently at least thirteen are known. The highest entrance, known as C37, is at 2,333 m (7,654 ft) above sea level. The cave is named after Jean Dupont and Bernard Raffy, two Groupe Vulcain members who died in 1963 in an unrelated expedition in Goule de Foussoubie Cave.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trou du Diable</span>

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EGMA Sinkhole, a.k.a. Peynirlikönü Sinkhole, is a sinkhole and the deepest cave in Turkey. It is located at Sugözü village of Anamur, Mersin. The sinkhole is 1,429 m (4,688 ft) deep and 3,118 m (10,230 ft) long. EGMA is an acronym that stands for Evren Günay - Mehmet Ali Özel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gouffre Berger</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bill Steele (cave explorer)</span> American academic

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Verna cave</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sistema Huautla</span> Cave system in Oaxaca, Mexico

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Veryovkina Cave</span> Cave in Abkhazia, Georgia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boybuloq</span> Cave in Uzbekistan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuriy Kasyan</span> Ukrainian speleologist (born 1961)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gouffre Mirolda</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aleksandr Sergeyevich Vishnevsky</span> Russian speleologist

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pavel Yevgenyevich Demidov</span> Russian speleologist (1971–2020)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ekaterinburg Speleo Club</span> Russian speleological organization

Ekaterinburg Speleo Club (SGS) (from Sverdlovskaja Gorodskaja Speleosekcija; Свердловская Городская Спелеосекция – СГС), founded in 1961, is a Russian, non-profit speleological organization dedicated to the exploration, research, and conservation of caves. It is based in Ekaterinburg (named Sverdlovsk from 1924 to 1991), the fourth largest city of Russia, in the Middle Urals and on the western edge of Siberia. SGS is most known for the exploration of caves in the northern Sverdlovsk Oblast and high-mountain karst areas of Surxondaryo Region in Uzbekistan, including Boybuloq, the deepest cave in Central Asia and one of the deepest caves in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morca Cave</span> Third-deepest cave in Turkey

The Morca Cave is located on the Taşeli plateau of the Taurus Mountains in the south of Turkey. Discovered in 1996, it had reached an explored depth of 1,276 meters and a length of 5,714 meters at the end of 2020. By then, Morca was Turkey's third deepest and eighth longest known cave. It has not been fully explored.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Martin</span> One of the main caves in France

The Gouffre de la Pierre Saint-Martin, also called Gouffre Lépineux, is the original entrance to a major cave system located in the massif of La Pierre Saint-Martin, in the immediate vicinity of the Franco-Spanish border and the French commune of Arette, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, under which lies part of the cave network.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Dubliansky, V.N.; Klimchuk, A.B.; Kiselev, V.E.; Vakhrushev, B.A.; Kovalev, Yu. N.; Melnikov, V.P.; Ryzhkov, A.F.; Tintilozov, Z.K.; Chuykov, V.D.; Churubrova, M.L. "Descriptions des grottes du massif Arabika - 63.Système souterrain Arabika / Описания пещер массива Арабика - 63.Пещерная система Арабикская" (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-01-12.
  2. ↑ "3D model of the Krubera (Voronja) Cave". Ukrainian Institute of Speleology and Karstology. Archived from the original (VRML) on 2009-04-01. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
  3. ↑ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
  4. 1 2 "Great Caves of the World". Portalul Speologilor din Romania. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  5. ↑ V.N. Dubliansky; A.B. Klimchuk; V.E. Kiselev; B.A. Vakhrushev; Yu.N. Kovalev; V.P. Melnikov; A.F. Ryzhkov; Z.K. Tintilozov; V.D. Chuykov; M.L. Churubrova. "Описания пещер массива Арабика - 63.Пещерная система Арабикская" (in Russian). Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  6. ↑ Barashkov, Aleksei (20 September 2024). "В период с 2 по 25 августа текущего года ..." [In the time from 2 to 25 August this year ...]. vk.com (in Russian). Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  7. ↑ Lyubimov, Petr (12 March 2018). "Экспедиция в Верёвкина март 2018. Глубина пещеры достигла -2212 метров" [Expedition to Veryovkina in March 2018. Cave depth reached -2212 m] (in Russian). Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  8. 1 2 Endovitsky, Alexey Vladimirovich, ed. (2016). "Отчет о спелеопоходе 4 к.с. по республике Абхазия (Западный Кавказ), совершенном с 29.08.2016 по 10.09.2016 г." [Report on speleo expedition 4 c. c. (complexity category) in the Republic of Abkhazia (Western Caucasus), from August 29, 2016 to September 10, 2016](PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  9. ↑ Gromov, Alexey (27 December 2017). "Снежная пещера в Абхазии: фото, описание" [Snezhnaja (Snow) Cave in Abkhazia: Photos and Description] (in Russian). Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Theo Pfarr; Robert Seebacher; Lukas Plan (2024-04-01). "Die tiefsten Höhlen Österreichs" (PDF) (in German). Retrieved 2024-05-04.
  11. 1 2 "Les topographies du système du Criou" (in French). 23 December 2022. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
  12. ↑ "Cross section Gouffre Mirolda et réseau Lucien Bouclier" (PDF). 2024-09-17.
  13. ↑ Le gouffre Jean-Bernard, 1602 m: Samoens/Haute-Savoie/France: record du monde de profondeur (in French). Groupe Vulcain. 1991. ISBN   978-2-7417-0031-9.
  14. ↑ G.S Vulcain (2023-07-20). "Jean Bernard" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Catálogo de Grandes Cavidades Españolas - Clasificación por Desnivel >300m" (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  16. 1 2 3 "Lang gesuchter Durchstieg in der Hirlatzhöhle gefunden" (in German). Kleine Zeitung. September 30, 2018. Retrieved 30 Sep 2018.
  17. ↑ "Sistema Huautla Becomes Deepest Cave in the Western Hemisphere". CavingNews. April 3, 2013. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 22 Jan 2015.
  18. 1 2 3 Mark Minton. "Long Caves of Mexico February 2024" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  19. ↑ Stone, Bill (12 June 2021). "2021 Sistema Cheve Expedition: Initial Report" (PDF). Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  20. ↑ "Rekord chuqurlikda: Osiyodagi eng chuqur g'or – "Boy-Buloq"qa ekspeditsiya" [Depth record in Uzbekistan after an expedition to the Boybuloq cave] (in Uzbek). O'zbekiston Respublikasi Ekologiya, atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish va iqlim o'zgarishi vazirligi. 25 August 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  21. ↑ Jakopin, Primož (August 2023). "Boybuloq 2022 and 2023 / Expeditions to Chulbair caves in Uzbekistan" . Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  22. ↑ "Sistema de la Cornisa (HG43) Torca Magali, segunda cavidad mas profunda de Espana" (PDF). Subterránea (in Spanish). 29.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jamarska zveza Slovenije (2020-02-16). "Najdaljše in najgloblje jame v Sloveniji" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2020-02-17.
  24. ↑ "Popis najvećih špilja" (in Croatian). Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  25. 1 2 "pocket card Croatia" (PDF).
  26. ↑ "Balkan Speleo Union - NEWS FROM BALKANS". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2006-10-15.
  27. ↑ "Peynirlikönü Düdeni". The Archaeological Settlements of Turkey - TAY Project. Archived from the original on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-12.
  28. ↑ Alexandre Pont; Paul De Bie. "Synthèse générale des réseaux" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-12-01.
  29. ↑ Klimchouk, Alexander. "Kuzgun Cave and its Context: the first super-deep cave in the Aladaglar Massif, Turkey" . Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  30. ↑ Marcin Gorzelańczyk. "Historia polskiej eksploracji Hoher Göll cz. 2 - Działalność w latach 1999–2011" (PDF) (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  31. ↑ katasterjam.si (2021-08-31). "Črnelsko brezno" (in Slovenian).
  32. ↑ Anna Benedetto (9 December 2014). "La discesa nell'abisso Paolo Roversi (Toscana, Alpi Apuane) la grotta più profonda d'Italia" (in Italian). Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  33. ↑ Gianni Guidotti; Valentina Malcapi (1996). Un re messo a nudo: l'Abisso Paolo Roversi (PDF) (in Italian). Vol. 34. Speleologia. pp. 35–43. Retrieved 2021-11-23..
  34. ↑ Espeleo Club de Gràcia. "Sistema Arañonera" (in Spanish).
  35. ↑ Fédération aragonaise de spéléologie. "Sistema Arañonera" (in Spanish).
  36. ↑ "Cotiella -1.327m!" (in Spanish). 2014.
  37. ↑ "Clasificacion de las cavidades de aragon por profundidad y Desarrollo (enero 2024)" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-01-29.
  38. ↑ Unión de Espeleólogos Vascos - Euskal Espeleologoen Elkargoa. Avanca campana Larra 2023 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  39. ↑ Anonyme. "Grandes cavités suisses" (in French). Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  40. ↑ Philipp Häuselmann (2016). Le karst Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Schrattenfluh: essai d'une synthèse (PDF) (in German and French). Vol. 66. Stalactite. pp. 28–41. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  41. ↑ The Speleological Committee of the Croatian Mountaineering Association (2021-10-06). "Popis najvećih špilja" (in Croatian and English). Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  42. ↑ "Jama Nedam: Dosegnuta dubina od 1335 metara" (in Croatian). 2022-07-12.
  43. ↑ "Slovačka jama" (in Croatian). Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  44. ↑ katasterjam.si (2021-08-31). "Mala Boka" (in Slovenian).
  45. ↑ "Chronology of the system MALA BOKA- BC4" (in English and Slovenian). 2007-04-01. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  46. ↑ Andrea Maconi (24 March 2015). "Complesso del Releccio a -1313m!" (in Italian). Retrieved 2015-03-24.
  47. ↑ Burger, Paul (28 September 2024). "World Deep Caves". Cave-Exploring.Com. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  48. ↑ "Expédition de plongée dans le réseau du Cosa Nostra" (PDF). Spelunca (in French). 66: 8–10. 1997. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
  49. ↑ Pavel Demidov; Parfyonov Oleg. "Пещерная система им. В. Илюхина (Илюхинская)" (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-09-24.
  50. ↑ "The cave system of V. Iljukhina (Iljukhinskaya)" . Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  51. 1 2 Curihin, Evgenij (10 September 2021). "Имени Александра Вишневского (ЧБ-15)" [Aleksandr Višnevskij Cave (ČB-15)]. speleoatlas.ru - Caving atlas of Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (in Russian). Русское географическое общество / Russian Geographic Society. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  52. ↑ "The cave named Alexander Vishnevskiy" . Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  53. ↑ Mark Minton. "Deep Caves of Mexico February 2024" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  54. ↑ Nancy Pistole (2007). "The saga of Cueva Charco" (PDF). AMCS Activities Newsletter. 30: 25–32.
  55. ↑ Ümit Günhan; Poyraz Uhri; Aron Balla; Mert Gürbüz. "The Morca cave system 2020 - Expedition report" (PDF) (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  56. ↑ Anadolu Speleoloji Grubu Derneği (2022). "Morca cave map 2021" . Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  57. ↑ Anadolu Speleoloji Grubu Derneği (30 December 2021). "Morca Mağara Sistemi Uluslararası Etkinlik Raporu 2021" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  58. ↑ David Bianzani. "Compte rendu de l'exploration des siphons terminaux du gouffre Berger 30 juin 2011" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 2017-01-31.
  59. ↑ "Spain - Oxford University Cave Club - Pozu del Xitu".
  60. ↑ Jean-Paul Sounier. "Rapport de l'expédition spéléo-plongée en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée janvier-mars 1995" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  61. ↑ "Rapport de l'expédition spéléo-plongée en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée Nakanaî 98" (in French). Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  62. ↑ "Torca de los Rebecos" (in French).
  63. ↑ "Ficha de cavidad: Pozo del Madejuno" (PDF) (in Spanish).
  64. ↑ "2013 J2 Expedition". 14 March 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  65. ↑ Phil Short (2014). 1000 hours under the earth (PDF). Vol. 37. AMCS Activities Newsletter. pp. 48–54. Retrieved 2021-09-14..
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