Lutheran antigen system

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Physician Mary N. Crawford worked at the Serum Exchange of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, where, in 1962, she discovered that she was one of a few people in the world with the rare blood type Lu (a-b-) and that her blood might be donated to a patient in Great Britain. Mary N. Crawford, shown sitting next to blackboard (3321962495).jpg
Physician Mary N. Crawford worked at the Serum Exchange of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, where, in 1962, she discovered that she was one of a few people in the world with the rare blood type Lu (a−b−) and that her blood might be donated to a patient in Great Britain.

The Lutheran antigen systems is a classification of human blood based on the presence of substances called Lutheran antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. There are 19 known Lutheran antigens. [1] The name Lutheran stems from a blood donor's misspelled last name, reportedly named Lutteran or Lutheran. [2] [3] [4] [5] All of these antigens arise from variations in a gene called BCAM (basal cell adhesion molecule). The system is based on the expression of two codominant alleles, designated Lua and Lub. The antigens Aua and Aub, known as the Auberger antigens, were once thought to make up a separate blood group but were later shown to be Lutheran antigens arising from variations in the BCAM gene.

The phenotypes Lu(a+b−) and Lu(a+b+) are found at various frequencies within populations. The Lu(a−b+) phenotype is the most common in all populations, whereas the Lu(a−b−) phenotype is uncommon. Though present in the fetus, it is seldom the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis or of transfusion reactions.

Interpretation of antibody panel to detect patient antibodies towards the most relevant human blood group systems, including Lutheran. Serology interpretation of antibody panel for blood group antigens.jpg
Interpretation of antibody panel to detect patient antibodies towards the most relevant human blood group systems, including Lutheran.

Notes

  1. ↑ Greer, John P. (2008). Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 641. ISBN   978-0-7817-6507-7.
  2. ↑ Moulds, J. M.; Shah, C. (1999). "Complement receptor 1 red cell expression is not controlled by the In(Lu) gene". Transfusion. 39 (7): 751–755. doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39070751.x. PMID   10413284. S2CID   41855884.
  3. ↑ Hue-Roye, K; Reid, ME (2012). "The molecular basis of the LU:7 and LU:-7 phenotypes". Immunohematology. 28 (4): 130–131. doi:10.21307/immunohematology-2019-163. PMID   23421542.
  4. ↑ Meunier, D; Peng, S; Clarke, G. "Lutheran system: Anti-Lua". Serological best practices. Ottawa: Canadian Blood Services. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  5. ↑ "Blood Group System - Lutheran". SCARF, Serum, cells, and rare fluids exchange. Retrieved 9 November 2023.


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