MASwings is a regional airline based in East Malaysia. Established on 1 October 2007 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Malaysia Aviation Group (MAG), the airline was initially tasked with providing essential air connectivity to remote and rural communities in East Malaysia under the Rural Air Services (RAS) program.[1] The airline is currently undergoing a rebranding process and is set to transition to AirBorneo.
In 2023, the Sarawak Government announced its intention to acquire MASwings to establish a state-owned airline.[2][3][4][5] The acquisition was formally completed on 13 January 2025, followed by a signing ceremony on 12 February 2025, during which the airline's rebranding as AirBorneo was officially introduced.[6][7][8] The rebranding is expected to take effect on 1 January 2026,[9] subject to regulatory approvals, infrastructure readiness and the integration of its workforce and fleet.[10]
As part of its rebranding to AirBorneo, the airline will evolve into a full-service carrier, expanding its offerings to include regional, domestic and international flights.[11] Its headquarters will also be relocated from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, to Sarawak following the Sarawak Government's acquisition.[12] Despite the change in ownership to the Sarawak Government, the Federal Government will continue to subsidise the RAS program in Sabah and Sarawak.[13]
The history of Rural Air Services (RAS) in Malaysian Borneo dates back to 1953, when Sabah Airways became the first regional airline to provide air connectivity between remote areas of British Borneo. In 1955, the airline was renamed Borneo Airways, which continued to serve rural communities through its "Ulu Air Service" also known as "Rural and Inter-colony flights". The service was critical in connecting isolated regions of North Borneo (now known as Sabah) and Sarawak with more developed urban centers.[14][15]
In 1965, Borneo Airways merged with its parent company, Malaysian Airways, which later evolved into Malaysia–Singapore Airlines and eventually Malaysia Airline System. This merger facilitated the continuation and expansion of rural air services in Sabah and Sarawak, ensuring essential transportation links for remote communities and maintaining connectivity across East Malaysia's less accessible regions.[citation needed]
By the early 2000s, Malaysia Airlines was experiencing significant financial difficulties, partly due to the operational costs of maintaining RAS routes. The airline reported financial losses from these services, which were not economically viable due to low passenger volumes on many routes.[16] More than 40 routes were deemed unprofitable, leading to a reliance on government subsidies. Prior to 2006, RAS operations were not subsidised, further complicating the airline's ability to maintain these routes.[citation needed]
In August 2006, the Malaysian government outsourced the operation of Rural Air Service to FlyAsianXpress (FAX), a subsidiary of AirAsia, aiming to enhance efficiency, reduce costs and improve connectivity for rural communities. Initially, FAX attracted attention with competitive fares and promotional offers, but the airline soon faced operational difficulties. Challenges such as maintenance issues and unreliable service led to frequent flight cancellations and passenger dissatisfaction.[17]
To resolve these issues, Tony Fernandes, CEO of AirAsia, proposed on 11 April 2007 that the RAS routes operated by FAX be transferred to Firefly, a subsidiary of Malaysia Airlines, which had more experience managing turboprop operations. Following this recommendation, the Malaysian government announced on 26 April 2007 that Malaysia Airlines would resume control of the rural routes.[17]
MASwings
2007-2012: Establishment and Early Years
MASwings retired their Fokker 50 aircraft in 2010, their routes being replaced by ATR 72 aircraft.
MASwings was established on 1 October 2007 as a regional subsidiary of Malaysia Airlines (MAS). Its inaugural flight coincided with the anniversary of Malaysia Airlines founding in 1972.[1] The creation of MASwings was part of Malaysia Airlines strategy to restore and expand air services in East Malaysia, following operational challenges faced by its predecessor, FlyAsianXpress.[18][19]
MASwings was created to address these gaps in service and provide affordable and reliable air transport to rural areas in East Malaysia. The airline's mission was to enhance connectivity for isolated communities, which often had limited access to road transportation due to difficult terrain.
The airline began operations with a fleet of Fokker 50 and DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft. These smaller planes were ideal for short-haul flights to regional airports with limited infrastructure.[20] By the end of 2007, MASwings operated 450 weekly flights to 22 destinations across East Malaysia, including smaller towns and rural regions, marking the beginning of its service in improving connectivity in the region.[21]
By 2009, MASwings began to broaden its operations, increasing flight frequency and expanding its route network. In December 2009, the airline announced plans to expand internationally, with destinations in the Philippines and Indonesia as part of its growth strategy. However, regulatory delays meant that MASwings initially focused on international routes within the Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA).[22][23][24]
In June 2010, MASwings expanded its international operations further within the BIMP-EAGA framework, which aimed to foster closer regional ties between Southeast Asian nations. This expansion resulted in the introduction of additional international routes, including flights between Kota Kinabalu and Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei), as well as between Kota Kinabalu and Puerto Princesa (Philippines). Other new routes included services between Kuching and Pontianak (Indonesia), and between Tawau and Tarakan (Indonesia). By 2012, MASwings had officially commenced these services, helping strengthen its presence in the region.[25][26]
During this period, MASwings also focused on modernising its fleet. The airline transitioned to ATR 72-500 aircraft, which were more fuel-efficient and better suited to the airline's regional operations. These turboprop aircraft, along with the DHC-6 Twin Otter, enabled MASwings to serve short-haul routes efficiently, particularly to smaller airports with limited facilities.[27]
Between 2012 and 2017, MASwings continued to solidify its position as a key regional carrier in East Malaysia, with an emphasis on providing air services to underserved rural areas. The airline's focus remained on supporting local tourism and connecting remote communities with urban centers, making it an essential part of the region's transport network.[28]
MASwings' fleet of ATR 72-500 aircraft expanded, and the airline gradually increased its flight frequency. The airline continued to play a critical role in the BIMP-EAGA initiative, which fostered regional collaboration by improving connectivity between Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.[18][21]
As part of the second phase of the BIMP-EAGA plan in 2012, the airline considered expanding to three new destinations: Makassar and Balikpapan in Indonesia, and Davao in the Philippines, with flights to Makassar and Davao routed through Tawau. Additional proposed routes included Manado in Indonesia, as well as Cebu and Zamboanga in the Philippines.[29][30] In 2014, MASwings announced intentions to reposition itself as a low-cost carrier, with four leased jet aircraft to operate routes from Kota Kinabalu to several Chinese cities. However, these proposals were not implemented.[31][32]
By 2017, MASwings had earned a reputation as a reliable air service provider to some of the most remote parts of Malaysia and its neighboring countries.[28] Despite facing challenges in the international market that led to the closure of most of its international routes, MASwings maintained its core focus on domestic services, particularly in East Malaysia. This period saw the airline continuing to operate to destinations like Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Miri and Labuan, along with its sole international route to Tarakan, Indonesia.
Between 2018 and 2019, MASwings achieved key milestones that reinforced its role in regional aviation. In 2018, the airline was recognized by the Malaysia Book of Records for its exceptional contributions to rural air services. It received awards for the "Longest Operating Hours for Rural Air Services" and the "Most Number of Passengers Transported via Rural Air Services," highlighting its important role in East Malaysia's economic and social development. These accolades underscored the airline's commitment to connecting remote communities and fostering local growth.[33]
In 2019, MASwings entered into a new Public Service Obligation (PSO) agreement with the Malaysian government to operate Rural Air Services (RAS) across 40 routes in Sabah and Sarawak until 2024. This agreement included an annual subsidy of RM209 million to cover operational costs and maintain connectivity to underserved regions. The airline's fleet, comprising ATR 72-500 and DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft, was well-suited for these short-haul flights to remote destinations.[34]
2020-2023: Navigating Pandemic Challenges
MASwings Twin Otter aircraft at Mukah New Airport, Sarawak. The airline uses this type of aircraft for regional flights within Borneo
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 significantly impacted MASwings, as the Movement Control Order (MCO) led to flight suspensions and a sharp decline in passenger numbers. As restrictions eased in 2021, MASwings gradually resumed operations, although recovery was slow due to fluctuating demand and ongoing health concerns. Throughout this period, the airline continued to receive government subsidies.[citation needed]
By 2022, the airline experienced a significant recovery in both passenger traffic and cargo volumes after the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the period from 2019 to 2022, MASwings successfully transported approximately 2.4 million passengers and handled more than 2,000 metric tonnes of cargo.[35]
However, in 2022, MASwings permanently discontinued its sole remaining international route, operated using an ATR 72 aircraft, which connected Tawau in Malaysia to Tarakan in Indonesia. The service had been suspended for over two years during the pandemic, and despite market recovery, the airline determined that passenger volumes were insufficient to justify resuming the route. With this decision, MASwings shifted its focus exclusively to domestic operations.[36]
In 2023, MASwings began taking steps to enhance its environmental sustainability. The airline announced plans to adopt sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) derived from microalgae as part of its efforts to reduce its carbon footprint. This initiative was in line with the broader global shift in the aviation industry towards environmentally responsible practices, as airlines worldwide strive to lower their environmental impact. MASwings' adoption of SAF marked a significant step in its commitment to greener aviation practices.[37]
AirBorneo
2023-2025: Interest and Formation Plans
In 2023, the Sarawak government expressed interest in acquiring MASwings from Malaysia Airlines as part of a broader regional strategy to establish a state-owned boutique airline. The acquisition aims to enhance Sarawak's connectivity and expand regional routes, supporting the state's efforts to improve air service availability and stimulate local economic growth.[28] Initially expected to be completed by December 2024, the process was delayed to the first quarter of 2025 due to discrepancies in asset valuations between the Sarawak government and Malaysia Aviation Group (MAG), necessitating a third-party assessment.[2][38]
On 13 January 2025, the Sarawak government officially completed the acquisition of MASwings. The announcement was made by the Premier of Sarawak, Abang Johari Openg, who also revealed that a signing ceremony would take place within the following month in Kuching. While the acquisition price was not disclosed, the process marked a significant step toward Sarawak establishing its own state-owned airline.[7]
2025-Present: Transition to AirBorneo
On 12 February 2025, the Sarawak government formally launched AirBorneo following the successful acquisition of MASwings from Malaysia Aviation Group (MAG). The signing of the Sale and Purchase Agreement in Kuching marked the official transfer of ownership, enabling Sarawak to establish its own state-owned airline. The formation of AirBorneo aligns with the state's long-term objective of enhancing air connectivity, supporting economic development and positioning Sarawak as an aviation hub within Borneo.[39]
AirBorneo was conceptualised as a full-service carrier with a dual mandate: to improve regional and international connectivity while maintaining its commitment to Rural Air Services (RAS) in Sarawak and Sabah. The airline intends to expand its network within a four-to-five-hour flight radius, including routes to Kalimantan, and pursue strategic partnerships with international carriers, including Malaysia Airlines, through codeshare agreements.[39] The Federal Government will continue to subsidise the Rural Air Services (RAS) programme, ensuring the availability of essential air services to remote communities in both states.[13]
Following its launch, the Sarawak government offered Sabah the option to collaborate or take an equity stake in AirBorneo. Preliminary discussions took place through Sabah Air Aviation Sdn Bhd, but any participation would require state approval.[40] Observers in Sabah noted that the state already maintained comparatively stronger air connectivity than Sarawak, particularly through Kota Kinabalu International Airport, which handles a higher volume of domestic and international flights. In August 2025, Datuk John Lo suggested that Sabah focus on attracting additional airline services rather than investing in AirBorneo.[41] This perspective was reiterated by State Finance Minister Datuk Seri Masidi Manjun the following month, who stated that Sabah was not in a position to establish or invest in a commercial airline, citing cost, technological and fiscal considerations, and emphasised that state priorities remained on infrastructure, public services, and the ongoing role of Sabah Air Aviation.[42]
With its ownership and operational structure confirmed, AirBorneo will also consolidate its management and administrative functions by relocating its headquarters from Kota Kinabalu to Sarawak.[12] Premier Abang Johari Openg stated that the establishment of AirBorneo would contribute to tourism growth, investment opportunities and employment creation within the state.[39] In preparation for operations, AirBorneo conducted system testing and dry runs to ensure its digital and operational systems were ready. Its official website was launched on 10 December 2025, offering tickets for travel from 14 January 2026.[43]
All existing MASwings staff were to be absorbed into AirBorneo to ensure continuity of operations, with Sarawakian applicants given priority for technical and operational positions for future vacancies. In addition, the airline's establishment was also intended to support the development of the state's aerospace industry through specialised training and certification in areas such as aircraft maintenance, mechanical engineering and pilot simulator operations.[44]
The airline is expected to commence independent operations on 1 January 2026, following the planned completion of its takeover of MASwings on 31 December 2025. Initial services will focus on Rural Air Services (RAS) across Sarawak, Sabah and Labuan, with subsequent plans to introduce jet operations later in 2026, subject to aircraft availability, airport slot allocation and regulatory approvals.[45]
Destinations
As of January 2025, MASwings have served these following destinations:
On 9 November 2007, MASwings, through its parent Malaysia Airlines, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to purchase seven ATR 72-500 aircraft, with options for three more, to expand its services in Sabah and Sarawak. The first ATR 72-500 was delivered in 2008, with the remaining six arriving by 2009 and the optional three by 2010. MASwings retired its last Fokker 50 (9M-MGF) on 25 April 2010.[citation needed]
To modernise its short-haul operations, MASwings announced plans to replace its aging DHC-6 Twin Otters with newer models, including the Dornier 228NG and Viking Air DHC-6 Series 400. By 2013, six brand-new DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 400 aircraft entered service.[51][27]
In December 2012, Malaysia Airlines ordered 36 ATR 72-600 aircraft, with 16 destined for MASwings. MASwings received its first ATR 72–600 in July 2013 and planned to replace its older ATR 72-500s gradually. However, due to disputes over the RAS (Rural Air Service) contract, some routes were removed in 2015 and the newer ATRs were withdrawn prematurely, with further orders canceled.[52][53][54]
ATR later proposed modernising MASwings' ATR 72-500 fleet to the ATR 72-600, contingent on the airline's transfer to the Sarawak state government.[55] With the formation of AirBorneo, the airline plans to replace its aging ATR fleet with new ATR-72 600 aircraft once the current lease period concludes in two years.[56]
In addition, discussions with the Brazilian ambassador to Malaysia explored the potential use of Embraer aircraft for Sarawak's regional and domestic routes. These talks, which drew on similarities in geographical and connectivity challenges between Sarawak and parts of Brazil, were part of broader fleet evaluation considerations, although no decisions or commitments were made.[57]
Criticism and controversy
Airfare pricing concerns
Following the commencement of ticket sales ahead of its full operations, AirBorneo faced public criticism over airfare levels, with some passengers expressing disappointment that fares remained similar to or higher than those previously charged by MASwings. Expectations of lower prices stemmed from earlier statements by the Sarawak government that the airline’s success would be measured by its contribution to the state’s economy rather than profitability. However, industry observers noted that significant fare reductions would be difficult without continued government subsidies, given the cost-intensive nature of operating rural air services and maintaining turboprop fleets on unprofitable routes. Despite the federal government’s ongoing subsidies for rural air services in Sarawak and Sabah, concerns were raised that further fare reductions could affect AirBorneo’s financial sustainability. State officials emphasised the need to balance affordability with commercial viability, particularly as the airline plans to expand into jet operations and international routes amid competition from established carriers.[58][59]
10 October 2013 — a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter (9M-MDM), operating as MASwings Flight 3002 from Kota Kinabalu to Kudat, landed short of the runway at Kudat Airport. The aircraft impacted a house and was destroyed. This accident marks the only fatal incident for MASwings, where two people were confirmed dead, including the co-pilot.[60][61][62]
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