Melanoplus | |
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Red-legged grasshopper ( Melanoplus femurrubrum ) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Orthoptera |
Suborder: | Caelifera |
Family: | Acrididae |
Subfamily: | Melanoplinae |
Genus: | Melanoplus Stål, 1873 |
Species | |
Melanoplus is a large genus of grasshoppers. They are the typical large grasshoppers (and in some cases migratory "locusts") in North America. A common name is spur-throat grasshoppers (also "spurthroat" or "spur-throated grasshoppers"), but this more typically refers to members of the related subfamily Catantopinae.
The largest grasshoppers of this genus can reach nearly 5 cm (2.0 in) in length, but most are smaller. Some are intricately patterned and colorful, others are drab.
Melanoplus species eat grasses of all kinds, as well as leafy and grassy agricultural crops and garden plants. They feed on the leaves, and sometimes fruit, flowers, and buds, as well as tree bark. Many of the more notable agricultural pest grasshoppers belong here, including the Rocky Mountain locust, the most significant insect pest of the 19th century Great Plains, but now extinct. [1]
New species are often being discovered and described in this genus where speciation runs rampant in isolated areas, involving speciation by hybridization. [2]
The Rocky Mountain locust is an extinct species of grasshopper that ranged through the western half of the United States and some western portions of Canada with large numbers seen until the end of the 19th century. Sightings often placed their swarms in numbers far larger than any other locust species, with one famous sighting in 1875 estimated at 198,000 square miles (510,000 km2) in size, weighing 27.5 million tons and consisting of some 12.5 trillion insects, the greatest concentration of animals ever speculatively guessed, according to Guinness World Records.
The differential grasshopper is a species of grasshopper belonging to the genus Melanoplus. It is found throughout northern Mexico, the central United States and southern Ontario, Canada. It is considered a pest over most of its range.
Melanoplus bivittatus, the two-striped grasshopper, is a poikilothermic species of grasshopper belonging to the genus Melanoplus. It is commonly found in North America, with high quantities inhabiting Canadian prairies and farmland.
Melanoplus femurrubrum, the red-legged grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper belonging to the genus Melanoplus. It is one of the most common grasshoppers found in Mexico, the United States, and Canada. This grasshopper is frequently used as a model organism in scientific studies, due to their abundance throughout North America and behavioral response to changes in climate.
Melanoplus quercicola is a species of grasshopper in the subfamily Melanoplinae, in the family Acrididae. The species is known generally as the "oak-loving short-wing grasshopper" or "oak-loving locust". It is found in North America.
Melanoplus walshii, known generally as the Walsh's short-wing grasshopper or Walsh's locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus huroni, known generally as the Huron short-wing grasshopper or Huron short-winged locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus chiricahuae, the Chiricahua short-wing grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus stonei, known generally as the Stone's grasshopper or Stone's locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus islandicus, known generally as island short-wing grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the forest locust and island locust. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus rotundipennis, known generally as round-winged grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the round-winged spur-throat grasshopper and round-winged locust. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus militaris, the military spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus sanguinipes, known generally as migratory grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the lesser migratory grasshopper and red-legged grasshopper. It is found in the Caribbean and North America.
Melanoplus flavidus, known generally as yellowish spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the blue-legged locust and blue-legged grasshopper. It is found in North America.
Paroxya clavuliger, known generally as the olive-green swamp grasshopper or olive-green swamp locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus puer, known generally as least short-wing grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the Florida spur-throat grasshopper and least short-winged locust. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus angustipennis, known generally as narrow-winged spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the narrow-winged sand grasshopper and narrow-winged locust. It is found in North America.
Melanoplus frigidus, known generally as the Nordic mountain grasshopper or narrow-winged locust, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia.