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Michael Alan Krawitz is a US Air force veteran, [1] Executive Director of the non-profit Veterans for Medical Cannabis Access, [2] researcher on the history of medical cannabis, and international advocate for cannabis policy reform [3] with FAAAT think & do tank and the International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines. [4]
Krawitz served in the United States Air Force from 1981 to 1986 as an Electronic Warfare Systems Technician and was a sergeant. [1] He was stationed in Guam.
Apart from his military career, Krawitz has been involved in the United States, [5] researching the traditions and historicity of cannabis in the country, [6] as well as working to secure access and availability of medical cannabis [7] for veterans, [8] in particular with the United States Department of Veterans Affairs [9] [10] and has extended its involvement at the international level since the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on the world drug situation in 1998 throughout the 2020s. [11]
Internationally he has been involved in the New-York NGO Committee on Drugs as Executive Committee member, [12] as patient representative of the International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines. [4] Krawitz is also policy adviser of the organization FAAAT think & do tank [13] for his involvement around the World Health Organization [14] [15] [16] and Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs international scheduling of Cannabis, [17] [18] being instrumental in the efforts leading to the withdrawal of "cannabis and cannabis resin" from Schedule IV of the 1961 Convention, in December 2020. [19] [20] [21] [22]
Krawitz is also working on the creation of Appellation of Origin and other intellectual property tools for traditional Cannabis products, [23] both in the United States, participating as a board member of the Californian farmers organization Origins Council, [24] and internationally as a registered observer to the World Intellectual Property Organization. [25]
Since 2021, he has been member of board of advisors to the Virginia Cannabis Control Authority (Cannabis Public Health Advisory Council). [26]
Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana (MMJ), is cannabis and cannabinoids that are prescribed by physicians for their patients. The use of cannabis as medicine has not been rigorously tested due to production and governmental restrictions, resulting in limited clinical research to define the safety and efficacy of using cannabis to treat diseases.
In the United States, the removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act is a proposed legal and administrative change in cannabis-related law at the federal level. It has been proposed repeatedly since 1972. The category is the most tightly restricted category reserved for drugs that have "no currently accepted medical use."
The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 is an international treaty that controls activities of specific narcotic drugs and lays down a system of regulations for their medical and scientific uses; it also establishes the International Narcotics Control Board.
The Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) is one of the functional commissions of the United Nations' Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), and is the central drug policy-making body within the United Nations System. The CND also has important mandates under the three international drug control conventions, alongside the three other treaty-mandated bodies: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Health Organization, and International Narcotics Control Board.
A Cannabis Social Club (CSC), sometimes called Cannabis Club, Cannabis Association, or Teapad, is an industry model for regulated cannabis organised as non-profit cooperatives in which cannabis is cultivated, shared, and enjoyed collectively, usually for the purpose of relaxing or for social communion.
Veterans for Medical Cannabis Access (VMCA), which was founded as Veterans for Medical Marijuana Access (VMMA) reflecting the pejorative word "marijuana", is an Elliston, Virginia-based non-profit service organization designed to assist American veterans who wish to be able to use marijuana for medical purposes with a doctor's recommendation. VMCA works towards the freedom for veterans to discuss the medical use of marijuana with their doctors without the risk of reprisal.
The International Office of Public Hygiene (OIPH), also known by its French name as the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (OIHP), was an international organization founded 9 December 1907 and based in Paris, France. It merged into the World Health Organization after World War II.
The International Nonproprietary Name dronabinol, also known under the trade names Marinol and Syndros is a generic name for the molecule of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the pharmaceutical context. It has indications as an appetite stimulant, antiemetic, and sleep apnea reliever and is approved by the FDA as safe and effective for HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting only.
The list includes and details significant events that occurred in the global history of national-level implementations of, or changes made to, laws surrounding the use, sale, or production of the psychoactive drug cannabis.
Cannabis is illegal in China except for industrial purposes (hemp) and some forms of medicine. Historically, cannabis has been used in China for fiber, seeds, as a traditional medicine, as well as for some ritual purposes within Taoism.
NORML France, previously known as Chanvre & Libertés - NORML France is a French non-profit organization based in Toulouse but active in all territories of France, whose aim is to move public opinion sufficiently to achieve the depenalization of illicit drugs consumption, the legalization of non-medical marijuana and the increased access to medical cannabis in France, so that the responsible use of cannabis by adults is no longer subject to penalty.
The history of cannabis and its usage by humans dates back to at least the third millennium BC in written history, and possibly as far back as the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B based on archaeological evidence. For millennia, the plant has been valued for its use for fiber and rope, as food and medicine, and for its psychoactive properties for religious and recreational use.
The status of cannabis in international law is a century-old history. Cannabis reform at the international level refers, in the 20th century, to efforts to increase restrictions on cannabis use under international treaties; in the 21st century, generally to efforts to ease or update such restrictions.
Camille Barrère was a French diplomat, most notably the ambassador to Italy from 1897 to 1924.
For Alternative Approaches to Addiction, Think & do tank is an international non-profit organization working on drug policy, created in 2015 and based in Paris, France.
This is a social history of the 2020s. Social history refers to changes affecting societies and the lived experiences of their members.
The International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines (IACM), formerly known as the International Association for Cannabis as a Medicine, is a non-profit scientific society founded in Cologne in 2000 and dedicated to the advancement of knowledge of cannabis and cannabinoid medicines among medical professionals. IACM is one of the few global non-profit medical societies or associations related to cannabis and Cannabinoids, along with the Society of Cannabis Clinicians and the International Cannabinoid Research Society.
The removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961 is a change in international law that took place in 2021, on the basis of a scientific assessment by the World Health Organization.
The Horizontal Working Party on Drugs is a preparatory body of the Council of the European Union established in 1997, responsible for the lead and management of the work of the council and of the European Union (EU) on drug policy.
Farid Ghehiouèche is a French author, activist and politician, known for his involvement for cannabis and other drugs liberalization, and in pacifist, ecologist, freedom of speech, gender equality, right of asylum and prison abolition social movements. He has been active since the 1990s in France and in international organizations.
