List of JWH cannabinoids

The John W. Huffman research group at Clemson University synthesized over 450 cannabinoids. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} Some of those are:

Cannabinoids and their K_i values ^[a]

Name	Class	Ki / nM at CB1	Ki / nM at CB2	Selectivity	Structure
JWH-004	Naphthoylindole	48 ± 13	4 ± 1.5	CB2 (12x)
JWH-007 [5]	Naphthoylindole	9.5 ± 4.5	2.9 ± 2.6	CB2 (3.3x)
JWH-009	Naphthoylindole	>10000	141 ± 14	CB2 (>70x)
JWH-011	Naphthoylindole
JWH-015 [5]	Naphthoylindole	164 ± 22	13.8 ± 4.6	CB2 (12x)
JWH-016	Naphthoylindole	22 ± 1.5	4.3 ± 1.6	CB2 (5.1x)
JWH-018 [5]	Naphthoylindole	9 ± 5	2.9 ± 2.6	CB2 (3.1x)
JWH-019	Naphthoylindole	9.8 ± 2	5.55 ± 2	CB2 (1.77x)
JWH-020	Naphthoylindole	128 ± 17	205 ± 20	CB1 (1.6x)
JWH-030	Naphthoylpyrrole	87 ± 3	320 ± 127	CB1 (3.7x)
JWH-031	Naphthoylpyrrole	399 ± 109
JWH-032	Naphthoylpyrrole	>10000	>10000	—
JWH-033	Naphthoylpyrrole	666 ± 77
JWH-036	Naphthoylpyrrole	309 ± 11
JWH-042 [6]	Naphthoylindole	>10000	5050 ± 192	CB2
JWH-043 [6]	Naphthoylindole	1180 ± 44	964 ± 242	CB2 (1.2x)
JWH-044	Naphthoylpyrrole	>10000	>10000	—
JWH-045	Naphthoylpyrrole	>10000	>10000	—
JWH-046 [6]	Naphthoylindole	343 ± 38	16.3 ± 4.9	CB2 (21x)
JWH-047 [6]	Naphthoylindole	59 ± 3	3.47 ± 1.80	CB2 (17x)
JWH-048 [6]	Naphthoylindole	10.7 ± 1.0	0.49 ± 0.13	CB2 (22x)
JWH-049 [6]	Naphthoylindole	55.1 ± 17.0	32.3 ± 2.4	CB2 (1.7x)
JWH-050 [6]	Naphthoylindole	342 ± 6	526 ± 133	CB1 (1.5x)
JWH-051	Dibenzopyran	1.20	0.03	CB2 (40x)
JWH-056 [7]	Dibenzopyran	>10000	32 ± 9	CB2
JWH-057 [8]	Dibenzopyran	23 ± 7	2.9 ± 1.6	CB2 (8x)
JWH-065 [7]	Dibenzopyran	399 ± 76	10 ± 2	CB2 (40x)
JWH-070 [6]	Naphthoylindole	>10000	>10000
JWH-071 [6]	Naphthoylindole	1340 ± 123	2940 ± 852	CB1 (2.2x)
JWH-072	Naphthoylindole	1050 ± 5.5	170 ± 54	CB2 (6x)
JWH-073	Naphthoylindole	8.9 ± 1.8	27 ± 12	CB1 (3x)
JWH-076 [5]	Naphthoylindole	214 ± 11	106 ± 46	CB2 (2x)
JWH-077 [6]	Naphthoylindole	>10000	>10000
JWH-078 [6]	Naphthoylindole	817 ± 60	633 ± 116	CB2 (1.3x)
JWH-079 [6]	Naphthoylindole	63.0 ± 3.0	32.0 ± 6.0	CB2 (2x)
JWH-080 [6]	Naphthoylindole	8.9 ± 1.8	2.21 ± 1.30	CB2 (4x)
JWH-081 [6]	Naphthoylindole	1.2 ± 0.03	12.4 ± 2.2	CB1 (10x)
JWH-082 [6]	Naphthoylindole	5.3 ± 0.8	6.40 ± 0.94	CB1 (1.2x)
JWH-083 [6]	Naphthoylindole	106 ± 12	102 ± 50	—
JWH-091 [9] (Δ8-THCP)	Dibenzopyran	22.0 ± 3.9
JWH-093 [6]	Naphthoylindole	40.7 ± 2.8	59.1 ± 10.5	CB1 (1.45x)
JWH-094 [6]	Naphthoylindole	476 ± 67	97.3 ± 2.7	CB2 (4.9x)
JWH-095 [6]	Naphthoylindole	140 ± 4.3	312 ± 83	CB1 (2.2x)
JWH-096 [6]	Naphthoylindole	33.7 ± 2.9	13.3 ± 5.6	CB2 (2.5x)
JWH-097 [6]	Naphthoylindole	455 ± 28	121 ± 15	CB2 (3.8x)
JWH-098 [6]	Naphthoylindole	4.5 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 0.3	CB2 (2.4x)
JWH-099 [6]	Naphthoylindole	35.3 ± 9.0	17.8 ± 2.9	CB2 (2x)
JWH-100 [6]	Naphthoylindole	381 ± 102	155 ± 74	CB2 (2.5x)
JWH-102 [7]	Dibenzopyran	7.9 ± 0.9	5.2 ± 2.0	CB2 (1.5x)
JWH-103 [7]	Dibenzopyran	28 ± 3	23 ± 7	CB2 (1.2x)
JWH-116 [10]	Naphthoylindole	52 ± 5
JWH-120 [5]	Naphthoylindole	1054 ± 31	6.1 ± 0.7	CB2 (173x)
JWH-122 [10]	Naphthoylindole	0.69 ± 0.05	1.2 ± 1.2	—
JWH-124 (Δ8-Parahexyl)	Dibenzopyran	41.0 ± 3.8
JWH-130 (Δ8-THCB)	Dibenzopyran	65.0 ± 13
JWH-133 [7]	Dibenzopyran	677 ± 132	3.4 ± 1.0	CB2 (200x)
JWH-138 [11]	Dibenzopyran	8.5 ± 1.4
JWH-139 [12]	Dibenzopyran	2290 ± 505	14 ± 10	CB2 (164x)
JWH-142 [7]	Dibenzopyran	529 ± 49	35 ± 14	CB2 (15x)
JWH-143 [7]	Dibenzopyran	924 ± 104	65 ± 8	CB2 (14x)
JWH-145 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	14 ± 2	6.4 ± 0.4	CB2 (2.2x)
JWH-146 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	21 ± 2	62 ± 5	CB2 (3.0x)
JWH-147 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	11 ± 1	7.1 ± 0.2	CB2 (1.5x)
JWH-148 [5]	Naphthoylindole	123 ± 8	14.0 ± 1.0	CB2 (8x)
JWH-149 [5]	Naphthoylindole	5.0 ± 2.1	0.73 ± 0.03	CB2 (6.8x)
JWH-150 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	60 ± 1	15 ± 2	CB2 (4x)
JWH-151 [5]	Naphthoylindole	>10000	30 ± 1.1	CB2 (>333x)
JWH-153 [5]	Naphthoylindole	250 ± 24	11 ± 0.5	CB2 (23x)
JWH-156 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	404 ± 18	104 ± 18	CB2 (4x)
JWH-159 [5]	Naphthoylindole	45 ± 1	10.4 ± 1.4	CB2 (4.3x)
JWH-160 [5]	Naphthoylindole	1568 ± 201	441 ± 110	CB2 (3.6x)
JWH-161	Dibenzopyran hybrid	19.0
JWH-163 [5]	Naphthoylindole	2358 ± 215	138 ± 12	CB2 (17x)
JWH-164 [5]	Naphthoylindole	6.6 ± 0.7	6.9 ± 0.2	—
JWH-165 [5]	Naphthoylindole	204 ± 26	71 ± 8	CB2 (2.9x)
JWH-166 [5]	Naphthoylindole	44 ± 10	1.9 ± 0.08	CB2 (23x)
JWH-167	Phenylacetylindole	90 ± 17	159 ± 14	CB1 (1.77x)
JWH-171	Hydrocarbon	51
JWH-175 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	22 ± 2
JWH-176 [10]	Hydrocarbon	26 ± 4
JWH-180 [5]	Naphthoylindole	26 ± 2	9.6 ± 2.0	CB2 (2.7x)
JWH-181 [5]	Naphthoylindole	1.3 ± 0.1	0.62 ± 0.04	CB2 (2.1x)
JWH-182 [5]	Naphthoylindole	0.65 ± 0.03	1.1 ± 0.1	CB1 (1.7x)
JWH-184 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	23 ± 6
JWH-185 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	17 ± 3
JWH-186 [14]	Dibenzopyran	187 ± 23	5.6 ± 1.7	CB2 (33x)
JWH-187 [14]	Dibenzopyran	84 ± 16	3.4 ± 0.5	CB2 (25x)
JWH-188 [14]	Dibenzopyran	270 ± 58	18 ± 2	CB2 (15x)
JWH-189 [5]	Naphthoylindole	52 ± 2	12 ± 0.8	CB2 (4.3x)
JWH-190 [14]	Dibenzopyran	8.8 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 0.03	CB2 (5.5x)
JWH-191 [14]	Dibenzopyran	1.8 ± 0.3	0.52 ± 0.03	CB2 (3.5x)
JWH-192 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	41 ± 13
JWH-193 [10]	Naphthoylindole	6 ± 1
JWH-194 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	127 ± 19
JWH-195 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	113 ± 28
JWH-196 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	151 ± 18
JWH-197 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	323 ± 98
JWH-198 [10]	Naphthoylindole	10 ± 2
JWH-199 [10]	Naphthylmethylindole	20 ± 2
JWH-200 [10]	Naphthoylindole	42 ± 5
JWH-201 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	1064 ± 21	444 ± 14	CB2 (2.4x)
JWH-202 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	1678 ± 63	645 ± 6	CB2 (2.6x)
JWH-203 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	8.0 ± 0.9	7.0 ± 1.3	—
JWH-204 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	13 ± 1	25 ± 1	CB1 (1.9x)
JWH-205 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	124 ± 23	180 ± 9	CB1 (1.45x)
JWH-206 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	389 ± 25	498 ± 37	CB1 (1.28x)
JWH-207 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	1598 ± 134	3723 ± 10	CB1 (2.33x)
JWH-208 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	179 ± 7	570 ± 127	CB1 (3.18x)
JWH-209 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	746 ± 49	1353 ± 270	CB1 (1.81x)
JWH-210 [5]	Naphthoylindole	0.46 ± 0.03	0.69 ± 0.01	CB1 (1.5x)
JWH-211 [5]	Naphthoylindole	70 ± 0.8	12 ± 0.8	CB2 (5.8x)
JWH-212 [5]	Naphthoylindole	33 ± 0.9	10 ± 1.2	CB2 (3.3x)
JWH-213 [5]	Naphthoylindole	1.5 ± 0.2	0.42 ± 0.05	CB2 (3.6x)
JWH-215 [14]	Dibenzopyran	1008 ± 117	85 ± 21	CB2 (12x)
JWH-216 [14]	Dibenzopyran	1856 ± 148	333 ± 104	CB2 (5.6x)
JWH-217 [14]	Dibenzopyran	>10000	1404 ± 66	CB2 (>7x)
JWH-220	Hydrocarbon	19
JWH-224 [14]	Dibenzopyran	347 ± 34	28 ± 1	CB2 (12.3x)
JWH-225 [14]	Dibenzopyran	>10000	325 ± 70	CB2 (>31x)
JWH-226 [14]	Dibenzopyran	4001 ± 282	43 ± 3	CB2 (93x)
JWH-227 [14]	Dibenzopyran	40 ± 6	4.4 ± 0.3	CB2 (9x)
JWH-229 [16]	Dibenzopyran	3134 ± 110	18 ± 2	CB2 (174x)
JWH-230 [14]	Dibenzopyran	15 ± 3	1.4 ± 0.12	CB2 (10.7x)
JWH-233 [14]	Dibenzopyran	14 ± 3	1.0 ± 0.3	CB2 (14x)
JWH-234 [5]	Naphthoylindole	8.4 ± 1.8	3.8 ± 0.6	CB2 (2.2x)
JWH-235 [5]	Naphthoylindole	338 ± 34	123 ± 34	CB2 (2.7x)
JWH-236 [5]	Naphthoylindole	1351 ± 204	240 ± 63	CB2 (5.6x)
JWH-237 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	38 ± 10	106 ± 2	CB1 (2.8x)
JWH-239 [5]	Naphthoylindole	342 ± 20	52 ± 6	CB2 (6.6x)
JWH-240 [5]	Naphthoylindole	14 ± 1	7.2 ± 1.3	CB2 (1.9x)
JWH-241 [5]	Naphthoylindole	147 ± 20	49 ± 7	CB2 (3.0x)
JWH-242 [5]	Naphthoylindole	42 ± 9	6.5 ± 0.3	CB2 (6.5x)
JWH-243 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	285 ± 40	41 ± 3	CB2 (6.95x)
JWH-244 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	130 ± 6	18 ± 1	CB2 (7.22x)
JWH-245 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	276 ± 4	25 ± 2	CB2 (11x)
JWH-246 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	70 ± 4	16 ± 1	CB2 (4.38x)
JWH-247 [14]	Dibenzopyran	427 ± 31	99 ± 4	CB2 (4.3x)
JWH-248 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	1028 ± 39	657 ± 19	CB2 (1.56x)
JWH-249 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	8.4 ± 1.8	20 ± 2	CB1 (2.38x)
JWH-250 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	11 ± 2	33 ± 2	CB1 (3x)
JWH-251 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	29 ± 3	146 ± 36	CB2 (5x)
JWH-252 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	23 ± 3	19 ± 1	CB2 (1.2x)
JWH-253 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	62 ± 10	84 ± 12	CB1 (1.35x)
JWH-254 [14]	Dibenzopyran	4724 ± 509	319 ± 16	CB2 (14.8x)
JWH-256 [14]	Dibenzopyran	4300 ± 888	97 ± 18	CB2 (44x)
JWH-258 [5]	Naphthoylindole	4.6 ± 0.6	10.5 ± 1.3	CB1 (2.3x)
JWH-259 [5]	Naphthoylindole	220 ± 29	74 ± 7	CB2 (3.0x)
JWH-260 [5]	Naphthoylindole	29 ± 0.4	25 ± 1.9	CB2 (1.2x)
JWH-261 [5]	Naphthoylindole	767 ± 105	221 ± 14	CB2 (3.5x)
JWH-262 [5]	Naphthoylindole	28 ± 3	5.6 ± 0.7	CB2 (5.0x)
JWH-265 [5]	Naphthoylindole	3788 ± 323	80 ± 13	CB2 (47x)
JWH-266 [5]	Naphthoylindole	>10000	455 ± 55	CB2 (>22x)
JWH-267 [5]	Naphthoylindole	381 ± 16	7.2 ± 0.14	CB2 (53x)
JWH-268 [5]	Naphthoylindole	1379 ± 193	40 ± 0.6	CB2 (34x)
JWH-277 [14]	Dibenzopyran	3905 ± 91	589 ± 65	CB2 (6.6x)
JWH-278 [14]	Dibenzopyran	906 ± 80	69 ± 6	CB2 (13x)
JWH-292 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	29 ± 1	20 ± 1	CB2 (1.45x)
JWH-293 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	100 ± 5	41 ± 4	CB2 (2.44x)
JWH-298 [14]	Dibenzopyran	812 ± 67	198 ± 23	CB2 (4.1x)
JWH-299 [14]	Dibenzopyran	415 ± 50	30 ± 2	CB2 (13.8x)
JWH-300 [12]	Dibenzopyran	118 ± 16	5.3 ± 0.1	CB2 (22x)
JWH-301 [14]	Dibenzopyran	295 ± 64	48 ± 4	CB2 (6.1x)
JWH-302 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	17 ± 2	89 ± 15	CB1 (5.26x)
JWH-303 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	117 ± 10	138 ± 12	CB1 (1.18x)
JWH-304 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	3363 ± 332	2679 ± 688	CB2 (1.26x)
JWH-305 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	15 ± 1.8	29 ± 5	CB1 (1.93x)
JWH-306 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	25 ± 1	82 ± 11	CB1 (3.28x)
JWH-307 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	7.7 ± 1.8	3.3 ± 0.2	CB2 (2.33x)
JWH-308 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	41 ± 1	33 ± 2	CB2 (1.24x)
JWH-309 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	41 ± 3	49 ± 7	CB1 (1.20x)
JWH-310 [14]	Dibenzopyran	1059 ± 51	36 ± 3	CB2 (29x)
JWH-311 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	23 ± 2	39 ± 3	CB1 (1.70x)
JWH-312 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	72 ± 7	91 ± 20	CB1 (1.26x)
JWH-313 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	422 ± 19	365 ± 92	CB2 (1.16x)
JWH-314 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	39 ± 2	76 ± 4	CB1 (1.95x)
JWH-315 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	430 ± 24	182 ± 23	CB2 (3.36x)
JWH-316 [15]	Phenylacetylindole	2862 ± 670	781 ± 105	CB2 (3.66x)
JWH-336 [12]	Dibenzopyran	4589 ± 367	153 ± 15	CB2 (30x)
JWH-338 [14]	Dibenzopyran	>10000	111 ± 16	CB2 (>90x)
JWH-339 [14]	Dibenzopyran	>10000	2317 ± 93	CB2 (>4.3x)
JWH-340 [14]	Dibenzopyran	135 ± 6	30 ± 1	CB2 (4.5x)
JWH-341 [14]	Dibenzopyran	100 ± 8	10 ± 0.1	CB2 (10x)
JWH-346 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	67 ± 6	39 ± 2	CB2 (1.72x)
JWH-347 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	333 ± 17	169 ± 17	CB2 (1.97x)
JWH-348 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	218 ± 19	53 ± 1	CB2 (4.11x)
JWH-349 [14]	Dibenzopyran	376 ± 1	38 ± 4	CB2 (9.9x)
JWH-350 [12]	Dibenzopyran	395 ± 50	12 ± 1	CB2 (33x)
JWH-351 [14]	Dibenzopyran	>10000	295 ± 3	CB2 (>34x)
JWH-352 [14]	Dibenzopyran	>10000	47 ± 2	CB2 (>213x)
JWH-353 [14]	Dibenzopyran	1493 ± 10	31 ± 1	CB2 (48x)
JWH-354 [14]	Dibenzopyran	1961 ± 21	241 ± 14	CB2 (8.1x)
JWH-355 [14]	Dibenzopyran	2162 ± 220	108 ± 17	CB2 (20x)
JWH-356 [14]	Dibenzopyran	5837 ± 701	108 ± 17	CB2 (54x)
JWH-357 [14]	Dibenzopyran	647 ± 78	185 ± 4	CB2 (3.5x)
JWH-358 [14]	Dibenzopyran	1243 ± 266	52 ± 3	CB2 (24x)
JWH-359	Dibenzopyran	2918 ± 450	13.0 ± 0.2	CB2 (220x)
JWH-360 [14]	Dibenzopyran	2449 ± 606	160 ± 8	CB2 (15x)
JWH-361 [14]	Dibenzopyran	63 ± 3	2.7 ± 0.1	CB2 (23x)
JWH-362 [14]	Dibenzopyran	127 ± 8	34 ± 5	CB2 (3.7x)
JWH-363 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	245 ± 5	71 ± 1	CB2 (3.45x)
JWH-364 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	34 ± 3	29 ± 1	CB2 (1.17x)
JWH-365 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	17 ± 1	3.4 ± 0.2	CB2 (5.0x)
JWH-366 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	191 ± 12	24 ± 1	CB2 (7.96x)
JWH-367 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	53 ± 2	23 ± 1	CB2 (2.30x)
JWH-368 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	16 ± 1	9.1 ± 0.7	CB2 (1.76x)
JWH-369 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	7.9 ± 0.4	5.2 ± 0.3	CB2 (1.52x)
JWH-370 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	5.6 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.5	CB2 (1.40x)
JWH-371 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	42 ± 1	64 ± 2	CB1 (1.52x)
JWH-372 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	77 ± 2	8.2 ± 0.2	CB1 (9.39x)
JWH-373 [13]	Naphthoylpyrrole	60 ± 3	69 ± 2	CB1 (1.15x)
JWH-387 [17]	Naphthoylindole	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	—
JWH-398 [18]	Naphthoylindole	2.3 ± 0.1	2.8 ± 0.2	CB1 (1.22x)
JWH-416 [17]	Naphthoylindole	73 ± 10	3.3 ± 0.1	CB2 (22x)
JWH-417 [17]	Naphthoylindole	522 ± 58	13 ± 0.2	CB2 (40x)
JWH-422 [17]	Naphthoylindole	501 ± 48	20 ± 0.4	CB2 (25x)
JWH-423 [17]	Naphthoylindole	140 ± 10	6.6 ± 0.2	CB2 (21x)
JWH-424 [17]	Naphthoylindole	21 ± 3.4	5.4 ± 0.2	CB2 (3.9x)
JWH-425 [17]	Naphthoylindole	54 ± 11	10 ± 0.4	CB2 (5.4x)

See also

• List of AM cannabinoids
• List of CP cannabinoids
• List of HU cannabinoids
• List of miscellaneous designer cannabinoids

Notes

1. K_i is the compound's binding affinity for the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB₁) or cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB₂).

References

1. Manera C, Tuccinardi T, Martinelli A (2008). "Indoles and related compounds as cannabinoid ligands". Mini Rev Med Chem. 8 (4): 370–87. doi:10.2174/138955708783955935. PMID   18473928.
2. Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Huffman JW (2014). "Moving around the molecule: relationship between chemical structure and in vivo activity of synthetic cannabinoids". Life Sci. 97 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.011. PMC   3944940 . PMID   24071522.
3. Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Thomas BF (2017). Combination Chemistry: Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Psychoactive Cannabinoids. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. Vol. 32. pp. 231–248. doi: 10.1007/7854_2016_17 . ISBN   978-3-319-52442-9. PMID   27753007.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
4. Banister SD, Connor M (2018). "The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists as New Psychoactive Substances: Origins". New Psychoactive Substances. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 252. pp. 165–190. doi:10.1007/164_2018_143. ISBN   978-3-030-10560-0. PMID   29980914.
5. Huffman JW, Zengin G, Wu MJ, Lu J, Hynd G, Bushell K, Thompson AL, Bushell S, Tartal C, Hurst DP, Reggio PH, Selley DE, Cassidy MP, Wiley JL, Martin BR (January 2005). "Structure-activity relationships for 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles at the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors: steric and electronic effects of naphthoyl substituents. New highly selective CB(2) receptor agonists". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 13 (1): 89–112. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.050. PMID   15582455.
6. Aung MM, Griffin G, Huffman JW, Wu M, Keel C, Yang B, Showalter VM, Abood ME, Martin BR (August 2000). "Influence of the N-1 alkyl chain length of cannabimimetic indoles upon CB(1) and CB(2) receptor binding". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 60 (2): 133–40. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00152-0. PMID   10940540.
7. Huffman JW, Liddle J, Yu S, Aung MM, Abood ME, Wiley JL, Martin BR (December 1999). "3-(1',1'-Dimethylbutyl)-1-deoxy-delta8-THC and related compounds: synthesis of selective ligands for the CB2 receptor". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 7 (12): 2905–14. doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00219-9. PMID   10658595.
8. Huffman JW, Yu S, Showalter V, Abood ME, Wiley JL, Compton DR, Martin BR, Bramblett RD, Reggio PH (September 1996). "Synthesis and pharmacology of a very potent cannabinoid lacking a phenolic hydroxyl with high affinity for the CB2 receptor". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 39 (20): 3875–7. doi:10.1021/JM960394Y. PMID   8831752.
9. Bow EW, Rimoldi JM. The Structure-Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation. Perspect Medicin Chem. 2016 Jun 28;8:17-39. doi : 10.4137/PMC.S32171 PMID   27398024
10. Huffman JW, Mabon R, Wu MJ, Lu J, Hart R, Hurst DP, Reggio PH, Wiley JL, Martin BR (February 2003). "3-Indolyl-1-naphthylmethanes: new cannabimimetic indoles provide evidence for aromatic stacking interactions with the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 11 (4): 539–49. doi:10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00451-0. PMID   12538019. S2CID   29107765.
11. Martin BR, Jefferson R, Winckler R, Wiley JL, Huffman JW, Crocker PJ, Saha B, Razdan RK. Manipulation of the tetrahydrocannabinol side chain delineates agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Sep;290(3):1065-79. PMID   10454479
12. Howlett AC, Barth F, Bonner TI, Cabral G, Casellas P, Devane WA, Felder CC, Herkenham M, Mackie K, Martin BR, Mechoulam R, Pertwee RG (June 2002). "International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of cannabinoid receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 54 (2): 161–202. doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.161. PMID   12037135. S2CID   8259002.
13. Huffman JW, Padgett LW, Isherwood ML, Wiley JL, Martin BR (October 2006). "1-Alkyl-2-aryl-4-(1-naphthoyl)pyrroles: new high affinity ligands for the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 16 (20): 5432–5. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.051. PMID   16889960.
14. Marriott KS, Huffman JW (2008). "Recent advances in the development of selective ligands for the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 8 (3): 187–204. doi:10.2174/156802608783498014. PMID   18289088.
15. Huffman JW, Szklennik PV, Almond A, Bushell K, Selley DE, He H, Cassidy MP, Wiley JL, Martin BR (September 2005). "1-Pentyl-3-phenylacetylindoles, a new class of cannabimimetic indoles". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 15 (18): 4110–3. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.008. PMID   16005223.
16. Huffman JW, Bushell SM, Miller JR, Wiley JL, Martin BR (December 2002). "1-Methoxy-, 1-deoxy-11-hydroxy- and 11-hydroxy-1-methoxy-Delta(8)-tetrahydrocannabinols: new selective ligands for the CB2 receptor". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (12): 4119–29. doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00331-0. PMID   12413866.
17. Wiley JL, Smith VJ, Chen J, Martin BR, Huffman JW (2012). "Synthesis and pharmacology of 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles: Steric and electronic effects of 4- and 8-halogenated naphthoyl substituents". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (6): 2067–2081. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.038. PMC   3298571 . PMID   22341572.
18. The Cannabinoid Receptors. The Receptors. 2009. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-503-9. ISBN   978-1-58829-712-9.