Abnormal cannabidiol

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Abnormal cannabidiol
Abnormal cannabidiol.svg
Abnormal cannabidiol 3D BS.png
Identifiers
  • 4-[(1R,6R)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
Formula C21H30O2
Molar mass 314.469 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CCCCCC1=CC(=CC(=C1[C@H]2C=C(CC[C@H]2C(=C)C)C)O)O
  • InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-5-6-7-8-16-12-17(22)13-20(23)21(16)19-11-15(4)9-10-18(19)14(2)3/h11-13,18-19,22-23H,2,5-10H2,1,3-4H3/t18-,19-/m0/s1 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:YWEZXUNAYVCODW-OALUTQOASA-N Yes check.svgY
 X mark.svgNYes check.svgY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Abnormal cannabidiol (Abn-CBD) is a synthetic regioisomer of cannabidiol, which unlike most other cannabinoids produces vasodilator effects, lowers blood pressure, and induces cell migration, cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in microglia, but without producing any psychoactive or sedative effects. [1] [2] Abn-CBD can be found as an impurity in synthetic cannabidiol. [3]

Contents

Receptor activity

It has been shown that the actions of abnormal cannabidiol are mediated through a site separate from the CB1 and CB2 receptors, [2] [4] which responds to abnormal cannabidiol, O-1602, and the endogenous ligands: anandamide (AEA), N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) and N-arachidonoyl L-serine. [2] [5] [6] [7] Multiple lines of evidence support the proposed identification of this novel target in microglia as the previously orphan receptor GPR18. [2] Another possible target of abnormal cannabidiol is GPR55, which has also received much attention as a putative cannabinoid receptor, [8] [9] although a growing body of evidence points to lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) as the endogenous ligand for GPR55. [10] [11] Further research suggests there are yet more additional cannabinoid receptors. [12] [13] [14] [15]

Pharmacodynamics

Research of the effects on abnormal cannabidiol in mice has indicated that atypical cannabinoids have therapeutic potential in a variety of inflammatory conditions, including those of the gastrointestinal tract. After inducing colitis by means of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, wound healing of both human umbilical vein endothelial and epithelial cells was enhanced by the Abn-CBD. [16]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Adams MD, Earnhardt JT, Martin BR, Harris LS, Dewey WL, Razdan RK (September 1977). "A cannabinoid with cardiovascular activity but no overt behavioral effects". Experientia. 33 (9): 1204–1205. doi:10.1007/BF01922330. PMID   891878. S2CID   21488700.
  2. 1 2 3 4 McHugh D, Hu SS, Rimmerman N, Juknat A, Vogel Z, Walker JM, et al. (March 2010). "N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor". BMC Neuroscience. 11: 44. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-44 . PMC   2865488 . PMID   20346144.
  3. ↑ Citti C, Russo F, Linciano P, Strallhofer SS, Tolomeo F, Forni F, et al. (2021). "Origin of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Impurity in Synthetic Cannabidiol". Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. 6 (1): 28–39. doi:10.1089/can.2020.0021. PMC   7891213 . PMID   33614950.
  4. ↑ Járai Z, Wagner JA, Varga K, Lake KD, Compton DR, Martin BR, et al. (November 1999). "Cannabinoid-induced mesenteric vasodilation through an endothelial site distinct from CB1 or CB2 receptors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (24): 14136–14141. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9614136J. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.24.14136 . PMC   24203 . PMID   10570211.
  5. ↑ Walter L, Franklin A, Witting A, Wade C, Xie Y, Kunos G, et al. (February 2003). "Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid receptors regulate microglial cell migration". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (4): 1398–1405. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01398.2003. PMC   6742252 . PMID   12598628.
  6. ↑ Offertáler L, Mo FM, Bátkai S, Liu J, Begg M, Razdan RK, et al. (March 2003). "Selective ligands and cellular effectors of a G protein-coupled endothelial cannabinoid receptor". Molecular Pharmacology. 63 (3): 699–705. doi:10.1124/mol.63.3.699. PMID   12606780.
  7. ↑ Milman G, Maor Y, Abu-Lafi S, Horowitz M, Gallily R, Batkai S, et al. (February 2006). "N-arachidonoyl L-serine, an endocannabinoid-like brain constituent with vasodilatory properties". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (7): 2428–2433. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.2428M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0510676103 . PMC   1413724 . PMID   16467152.
  8. ↑ McCollum L, Howlett AC, Mukhopadhyay S (June 2007). "Anandamide-mediated CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor--independent nitric oxide production in rabbit aortic endothelial cells". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 321 (3): 930–937. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.117549. PMID   17379772. S2CID   24492397.
  9. ↑ Ryberg E, Larsson N, Sjögren S, Hjorth S, Hermansson NO, Leonova J, et al. (December 2007). "The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor". British Journal of Pharmacology. 152 (7): 1092–1101. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707460. PMC   2095107 . PMID   17876302.
  10. ↑ Kapur A, Zhao P, Sharir H, Bai Y, Caron MG, Barak LS, et al. (October 2009). "Atypical responsiveness of the orphan receptor GPR55 to cannabinoid ligands". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (43): 29817–29827. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.050187 . PMC   2785612 . PMID   19723626.
  11. ↑ Henstridge CM, Balenga NA, Ford LA, Ross RA, Waldhoer M, Irving AJ (January 2009). "The GPR55 ligand L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol promotes RhoA-dependent Ca2+ signaling and NFAT activation". FASEB Journal. 23 (1): 183–193. doi: 10.1096/fj.08-108670 . PMID   18757503. S2CID   27142069.
  12. ↑ Brown AJ (November 2007). "Novel cannabinoid receptors". British Journal of Pharmacology. 152 (5): 567–575. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707481. PMC   2190013 . PMID   17906678.
  13. ↑ Johns DG, Behm DJ, Walker DJ, Ao Z, Shapland EM, Daniels DA, et al. (November 2007). "The novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR55 is activated by atypical cannabinoids but does not mediate their vasodilator effects". British Journal of Pharmacology. 152 (5): 825–831. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707419. PMC   2190033 . PMID   17704827.
  14. ↑ McHugh D, Tanner C, Mechoulam R, Pertwee RG, Ross RA (February 2008). "Inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis by endogenous cannabinoids and phytocannabinoids: evidence for a site distinct from CB1 and CB2". Molecular Pharmacology. 73 (2): 441–450. doi:10.1124/mol.107.041863. PMID   17965195. S2CID   15182303.
  15. ↑ Kreutz S, Koch M, Böttger C, Ghadban C, Korf HW, Dehghani F (February 2009). "2-Arachidonoylglycerol elicits neuroprotective effects on excitotoxically lesioned dentate gyrus granule cells via abnormal-cannabidiol-sensitive receptors on microglial cells". Glia. 57 (3): 286–294. doi:10.1002/glia.20756. PMID   18837048. S2CID   37531270.
  16. ↑ Krohn RM, Parsons SA, Fichna J, Patel KD, Yates RM, Sharkey KA, et al. (2016). "Abnormal cannabidiol attenuates experimental colitis in mice, promotes wound healing and inhibits neutrophil recruitment". Journal of Inflammation. 13 (21): 21. doi: 10.1186/s12950-016-0129-0 . PMC   4944257 . PMID   27418880.
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