Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1

MGST1
Identifiers
Aliases	MGST1 , GST12, MGST, MGST-I, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 138330 MGI: 1913850 HomoloGene: 10544 GeneCards: MGST1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	16,609,259 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	138,133,753 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	Right adrenal gland; ; Left adrenal gland; ; right lobe of liver; ; adipose tissue; ; abdominal fat; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; pericardium; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; left lobe of thyroid gland; ; stromal cell of endometrium;
	Top expressed in
	left lobe of liver; ; right lung lobe; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; white adipose tissue; ; intercostal muscle; ; brown adipose tissue; ; nose; ; olfactory epithelium; ; ciliary body; ; left lung lobe;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity ; identical protein binding ; glutathione binding ; protein homodimerization activity ; glutathione peroxidase activity ; protein binding ; glutathione transferase activity ; prostaglandin-E synthase activity ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; mitochondrion ; nucleus ; peroxisomal membrane ; apical part of cell ; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle ; membrane ; endoplasmic reticulum ; endoplasmic reticulum membrane ; mitochondrial outer membrane ; plasma membrane ; azurophil granule membrane ;
Biological process	xenobiotic metabolic process ; response to lipopolysaccharide ; protein homotrimerization ; Leydig cell differentiation ; cellular response to lipid hydroperoxide ; glutathione derivative biosynthetic process ; response to organonitrogen compound ; cellular oxidant detoxification ; neutrophil degranulation ; prostaglandin biosynthetic process ; glutathione metabolic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4257
	56615
	ENSG00000008394
	ENSMUSG00000008540
	P10620
	Q91VS7
NM_001260511 ; NM_001260512 ; NM_001267598 ; NM_020300 ; NM_145764 ;
	NM_145791 ; NM_145792
	NM_019946 ; NM_001347489 ; NM_001361308 ; NM_001361309 ; NM_001361307 Contents Function ; References ; Further reading ;
NP_001247440 ; NP_001247441 ; NP_001254527 ; NP_064696 ; NP_665707 ;
	NP_665734 ; NP_665735
	NP_001334418 ; NP_064330 ; NP_001348237 ; NP_001348238 ; NP_001348236
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated March 04, 2023

Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGST1 gene.^[5]

Function

The MAPEG family (Membrane-Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) consists of six human proteins, two of which are involved in the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandin E, important mediators of inflammation. Other family members, demonstrating glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase activities, are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to electrophiles and the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. This protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and outer mitochondrial membrane where it is thought to protect these membranes from oxidative stress. Four transcript variants of this gene encode one protein isoform.^[5]

Related Research Articles

Thromboxane A synthase 1 , also known as TBXAS1, is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the TBXAS1 gene.

Leukotriene C₄ (LTC₄) is a leukotriene. LTC₄ has been extensively studied in the context of allergy and asthma. In cells of myeloid origin such as mast cells, its biosynthesis is orchestrated by translocation to the nuclear envelope along with co-localization of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) and LTC₄ synthase (LTC₄S), which couples glutathione to an LTA₄ intermediate. The MRP1 transporter then secretes cytosolic LTC₄ and cell surface proteases further metabolize it by sequential cleavage of the γ-glutamyl and glycine residues off its glutathione segment, generating the more stable products LTD₄ and LTE₄. All three leukotrienes then bind at different affinities to two G-protein coupled receptors: CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2, triggering pulmonary vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prostaglandin E synthase</span>

Prostaglandin E synthase is an enzyme involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism, a member of MAPEG family. It generates prostaglandin E (PGE) from prostaglandin H2.

Leukotriene C4 synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LTC4S gene.

Glutathione S-transferase P is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTP1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glutathione S-transferase A1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Glutathione S-transferase A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTA1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leukotriene-C4 synthase</span>

The enzyme leukotriene-C₄ synthase (EC 4.4.1.20) catalyzes the reaction

Glutathione S-transferase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTA2 gene.

Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTM2 gene.

Glutathione peroxidase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX2 gene.

Glutathione S-transferase A4, also known as GSTA4, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the GSTA4 gene.

Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTM4 gene.

Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTO1 gene.

PGDS protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HPGDS gene.

In molecular biology the MAPEG family of proteins are a group of membrane associated proteins with highly divergent functions. Included are the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, leukotriene C4 synthase, which catalyzes the production of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from leukotriene A4 (LTA4), and microsomal glutathione S-transferase II (GST-II), which also produces LTC4 from LTA4.

Beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALNT1 gene.

Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGST2 gene.

Epoxide hydrolase 1 is an enzyme encoded by the EPHX1 gene in humans.

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) or Prostaglandin E synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGES gene.

Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGST3 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000008394 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000008540 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: MGST1 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1".

Jakobsson PJ, Morgenstern R, Mancini J (2000). "Membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG). A widespread protein superfamily". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161 (2 Pt 2): S20–4. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.supplement_1.ltta-5. PMID 10673221.
Cholon A, Giaccia AJ, Lewis AD (1992). "What role do glutathione S-transferases play in the cellular response to ionizing radiation?". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 22 (4): 759–63. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(92)90519-N . PMID 1544849.
DeJong JL, Mohandas T, Tu CP (1990). "The gene for the microsomal glutathione S-transferase is on human chromosome 12". Genomics. 6 (2): 379–82. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90580-N. PMID 2307478.
DeJong JL, Morgenstern R, Jörnvall H (1988). "Gene expression of rat and human microsomal glutathione S-transferases". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (17): 8430–6. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68495-9 . PMID 3372534.
Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF). Nature. 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098.
Söderström M, Morgenstern R, Hammarström S (1995). "Protein-protein interaction affinity chromatography of leukotriene C4 synthase". Protein Expr. Purif. 6 (3): 352–6. doi:10.1006/prep.1995.1046. PMID 7663172.
Kelner MJ, Stokely MN, Stovall NE, Montoya MA (1997). "Structural organization of the human microsomal glutathione S-transferase gene (GST12)". Genomics. 36 (1): 100–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0429. PMID 8812420.
Estonius M, Forsberg L, Danielsson O (1999). "Distribution of microsomal glutathione transferase 1 in mammalian tissues. A predominant alternate first exon in human tissues". Eur. J. Biochem. 260 (2): 409–13. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00165.x. PMID 10095775.
Lee SH, DeJong J (1999). "Microsomal GST-I: genomic organization, expression, and alternative splicing of the human gene". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1446 (3): 389–96. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00112-8. PMID 10524215.
Kelner MJ, Bagnell RD, Montoya MA (2000). "Structural organization of the microsomal glutathione S-transferase gene (MGST1) on chromosome 12p13.1-13.2. Identification of the correct promoter region and demonstration of transcriptional regulation in response to oxidative stress". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (17): 13000–6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.17.13000 . PMID 10777602.
Surapureddi S, Svartz J, Magnusson KE (2000). "Colocalization of leukotriene C synthase and microsomal glutathione S-transferase elucidated by indirect immunofluorescence analysis". FEBS Lett. 480 (2–3): 239–43. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01885-8 . PMID 11034337. S2CID 36611943.
Iida A, Saito S, Sekine A (2001). "Catalog of 46 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1) gene". J. Hum. Genet. 46 (10): 590–4. doi: 10.1007/s100380170026 . PMID 11587073.
To-Figueras J, Gené M, Gómez-Catalán J (2003). "Microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms in relation to laryngeal carcinoma risk". Cancer Lett. 187 (1–2): 95–101. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00406-8. PMID 12359356.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Ekström L, Lyrenäs L, Jakobsson PJ (2003). "Basal expression of the human MAPEG members microsomal glutathione transferase 1 and prostaglandin E synthase genes is mediated by Sp1 and Sp3". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1627 (2–3): 79–84. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(03)00077-0. PMID 12818425.
Lengqvist J, Svensson R, Evergren E (2004). "Observation of an intact noncovalent homotrimer of detergent-solubilized rat microsomal glutathione transferase-1 by electrospray mass spectrometry". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (14): 13311–6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M310958200 . PMID 14726533.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000008394 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000008540 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: MGST1 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1".

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v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading