Milnesium

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Milnesium
Temporal range: Turonian–Recent
SEM image of Milnesium tardigradum in active state - journal.pone.0045682.g001-2.png
SEM image of Milnesium tardigradum
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Tardigrada
Class: Eutardigrada
Order: Apochela
Family: Milnesiidae
Genus: Milnesium
Doyère, 1840 [1]

Milnesium is a genus of tardigrades. [1] It is rather common, being found in a wide variety of habitats across the world. [2] It has a fossil record extending back to the Cretaceous, the oldest species found so far (M. swolenskyi) is known from Turonian stage deposits on the east coast of the United States. [3] Milnesiums are one of the most desiccation and radiation-resistant invertebrates on Earth because of their unique ability to transform into a "tun" state and utilize intrinsically disordered proteins when experiencing extreme environments. [4]

Species

Described species include: [5]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Milnesium berladnicorum</i> Species of tardigrade

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Milnesium asiaticum is a species of Eutardigrades in the family Milnesiidae. This species differs from its cogenerate species mainly by proportions of its claws and buccopharyngeal apparatus.

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<i>Milnesium alpigenum</i> Species of tardigrade

Milnesium alpigenum is a species of tardigrade that falls under the Tardigrada phylum. Like its taxonomic relatives it is an omnivorous predator that feeds on other small organisms, such as algae, rotifers, and nematodes. M. alpigenum was discovered by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1853. It is very closely related to Milnesium tardigradum along with many other species from the Milnesium genus.

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References

  1. 1 2 "ITIS standard report: Milnesium (Doyère, 1840)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  2. ↑ "Nelson, Diane (2002). "Current Status of the Tardigrada: Evolution and Ecology". Integr. Comp. Biol. (42): 652–659".{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  3. ↑ "Milnesium Doyere 1840 (water bear)". PBDB.
  4. ↑ Boothby, Thomas C.; Tapia, Hugo; Brozena, Alexandra H.; Piszkiewicz, Samantha; Smith, Austin E.; Giovannini, Ilaria; Rebecchi, Lorena; Pielak, Gary J.; Koshland, Doug; Goldstein, Bob (2017-03-16). "Tardigrades Use Intrinsically Disordered Proteins to Survive Desiccation". Molecular Cell. 65 (6): 975–984.e5. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.02.018. ISSN   1097-2765. PMC   5987194 . PMID   28306513.
  5. ↑ Degma, Peter; Bertolani, Roberto; Guidetti, Roberto (30 June 2018). Actual checklist of Tardigrada species (2009-2018) (PDF). 34th Ed. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia . Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  6. ↑ Wallendorf, Mark; Miller, William R. (2009). "Tardigrades of North America: Milnesium alabamae nov. sp. (Eutardigrada: Apochela: Milnesiidae) a new species from Alabama". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 112 (3–4): 181–186. doi:10.1660/062.112.0404. ISSN   0022-8443. S2CID   84216471.
  7. ↑ Ciobanu, Daniel; Zawierucha, Krzysztof; Moglan, Ioan; Kaczmarek, Łukasz (2014). "Milnesium berladnicorum sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Apochela, Milnesiidae), a new species of water bear from Romania". ZooKeys (429): 1–11. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.429.7755 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   4137295 . PMID   25147467.
  8. ↑ Bartels, Paul J.; Nelson, Diane R.; Kaczmarek, Łukasz; Michalczyk, Łukasz (2014). "The genus Milnesium (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (North Carolina and Tennessee, USA), with the description of Milnesium bohleberi sp. nov". Zootaxa. 3826 (2): 356–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3826.2.5. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   24990052.
  9. 1 2 Meyer, Harry A.; Hinton, Juliana G. (2010). "Milnesium zsalakoae and M. jacobi, two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Apochela: Milnesiidae) from the southwestern United States". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 123 (2): 113–120. doi:10.2988/09-29.1. ISSN   0006-324X. S2CID   84449596.
  10. ↑ Suzuki, Atsushi C.; Sugiura, Kenta; Tsujimoto, Megumu; McInnes, Sandra J. (2023). "A New Species of Bisexual Milnesium (Eutardigrada: Apochela) Having Aberrant Claws from Innhovde, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica". Zoological Science. 40 (3). doi:10.2108/zs220085.
  11. ↑ Young A, Chappell B, Miller W, Lowman M (2016). "Tardigrades of the Tree Canopy: Milnesium swansoni sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Apochela: Milnesiidae) a new species from Kansas, U.S.A." Zootaxa. 4072 (5): 559–568. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.5.3 . PMID   27395945.


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