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References
Citations
- ↑ Hucker (1958), p. 32.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Harris, Lane J. (2015-10-09). "Into the Frontiers: The Relay System and Ming Empire in the Borderlands, 1368–1449". Ming Studies. 2015 (72): 3–23. doi:10.1179/0147037x15z.00000000044. ISSN 0147-037X.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Harris, Lane J. (2015-06-18). "The "Arteries and Veins" of the Imperial Body: The Nature of the Relay and Post Station Systems in the Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644". Journal of Early Modern History. 19 (4): 287–310. doi:10.1163/15700658-12342440. ISSN 1385-3783.
- ↑ Wang, Chelsea (2017). Dilemmas of Empire: Movement, Communication, and Information Management in Ming, 1368-1644. Columbia Ph.D. Dissertation (Thesis). pp. 1–275. doi:10.7916/D8N87P2H – via Columbia Academic Commons.
- 1 2 Powell, Ralph L. (1972). The Rise of Chinese Military Power 1895-1912. Princeton: Kennikat Press. pp. 195–199. ISBN 978-0-8046-1645-4.
- ↑ Mackinnon, Stephen R. (1973). "The Peiyang Army, Yuan Shih-K'ai, and the Origins of Modern Chinese Warlordism". The Journal of Asian Studies. 32 (3): 405–23.
- ↑ Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000). Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 149–150. ISBN 978-0-295-99748-3.
Sources
- Hucker, Charles O. (1958), "Governmental Organization of The Ming Dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 21: 1–66, doi:10.2307/2718619, JSTOR 2718619.