Narcissus triandrus

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Angel's tears
Narcissus triandrus 4.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Narcissus
Species:
N. triandrus
Binomial name
Narcissus triandrus
L.
Synonyms [1]
  • Ganymedes triandrus(L.) Haw.
  • Illus triandrus(L.) Haw.
  • Queltia triandra(L.) M. Roem.

Narcissus triandrus, also known as the Angel's Tears daffodil, is a species of flowering plant within the family Amaryllidaceae.

Contents

The popular cultivar 'Hawera', belonging to the Triandrus group, has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [2]

Description

Narcissus triandrus is a bulbous perennial plant. The bulbs of this species are small and dark in colour. [3] Bulbs lay dormant in the soil for the majority of the year until emerging in the Spring. A single bulb usually produces two leaves each that can grow to a length of 20 cm long by 4–5 mm wide. Leaves are keeled, striate on their surface and sometimes coiled at the tip. [4] Stems of the species are 30 cm tall, thick, tubular, and almost waxy on their outer side. [5] Stems can hold from one to six cup shaped flowers, which are milk white or pale yellow in colour. [4]

Reproduction

The flower size varies, increasing from southeast to northwest, correlating with plant size, probably reflecting a rainfall gradient from the hot Mediterranean climate of the southeast to the cooler, wetter Atlantic climate found in the northwest. Changes in flower size correlate with pollinator fauna, Anthophora species being dominant in the southern population and the larger-bodied Bombus species in the north. [6]

Self-pollination was found to result in significantly lower seed production than in cross-pollination within Narcissus triandrus. [7]

Distribution and habitat

Native to France, Spain and Portugal, [8] where it grows in woodlands, scrubland and exposed mountain habitats in acidic soils. [4]

It has been observed to grow in scrublands, mesophilic grasslands, sandy soils, including some more rocky areas. In Europe, the plant has been spotted in the Iberian peninsula, the Iberian and Aracena Mountains, as well as the Baetic and Penibaetic mountain systems and the Serra de Monchique.

Cultivation

N. triandrus 'Thalia', a variety that bears open, nodding flowers Narcissus 'Thalia'.jpg
N. triandrus 'Thalia', a variety that bears open, nodding flowers

While not a very popular species of the daffodil, these plants have similar care and blooming needs. [9] They are low maintenance plants that require full sun, or part shade, medium water (meaning that the soil should be watered until damp, then left to dry and once dry, watered lightly again). [9] The species is tolerant of rabbits, deer, and drought. [9] This aversion towards disease and pests is known to be from the plant's high alkaloid and lycorine content. [10]

Flowering in late spring, April through May, it is best that these plants are planted above summer blooming buds, yet below early spring bloomers. [10] It is suggested that these plants be potted or placed in soft, well drained ground in late fall. [9] If planted deep enough (two to three times deeper than the bulbs original length) then it should retain its moisture and last through the winter. [9] And, while these flowers do like shady areas, it is better for them to be placed in full sun or in an area that gets sun throughout most of the day, this is because of the flowers of like to point towards and be in the sun's light as much as possible. [9]

Subspecies [8]

Varieties [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Narcissus</i> (plant) Genus of plants in the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae)

Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring flowering perennial plants of the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae. Various common names including daffodil, narcissus and jonquil, are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white and yellow, with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

<i>Narcissus pseudonarcissus</i> Species of plant

Narcissus pseudonarcissus, commonly named the wild daffodil or Lent lily, is a perennial flowering plant.

<i>Narcissus poeticus</i> Species of plant

Narcissus poeticus, the poet's daffodil, poet's narcissus, nargis, pheasant's eye, findern flower or pinkster lily, was one of the first daffodils to be cultivated, and is frequently identified as the narcissus of ancient times. It is also often associated with the Greek legend of Narcissus. It is the type species of the genus Narcissus and is widely naturalised in North America.

<i>Narcissus tazetta</i> Species of daffodil

Narcissus tazetta is a perennial ornamental plant that grows from a bulb. Cultivars of N. tazetta include 'Caniculatus', 'Grand Soleil d'Or' and 'Ziva', which are popularly used for forcing indoors, as is the form of N. tazetta known as Chinese Sacred Lily.

<i>Sternbergia lutea</i> Species of autumn-flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae

Sternbergia lutea, the winter daffodil, autumn daffodil, fall daffodil, lily-of-the-field, or yellow autumn crocus, is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, in the Narcisseae tribe, which is used as an ornamental plant. It has yellow flowers which appear in autumn.

<i>Narcissus asturiensis</i> Species of daffodil

Narcissus asturiensis, the pygmy daffodil, is a perennial bulbous plant native to the mountains of North Portugal and Spain, where it grows at altitudes up to 2000 m (6000 ft). As of March 2022, Kew sources consider the correct name to be Narcissus cuneiflorus.

<i>Narcissus romieuxii</i> Species of daffodil

Narcissus romieuxii is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is a distinctive, early-flowering daffodil with dark green rush-like foliage. The flowers have narrow perianth segments, while the trumpet is wide and flaring. It blooms in mid to late winter. There are many subspecies and cultivars, with flowers in many shades of white and yellow. It originated in the Atlas Mountains region of Morocco.

<i>Narcissus bulbocodium</i> Species of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Narcissus bulbocodium, the petticoat daffodil or hoop-petticoat daffodil, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to southern and western France, Portugal, and Spain. Some sources say that the species is also native to Morocco, but this is based on populations formerly thought to be varieties of N. bulbocodium but now regarded as separate species.

<i>Narcissus cyclamineus</i> Species of daffodil

Narcissus cyclamineus, the cyclamen-flowered daffodil, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to North West Portugal and North West Spain.

Taxonomy of <i>Narcissus</i> Classification of daffodils

The taxonomy of Narcissus is complex, and still not fully resolved. Known to the ancients, the genus name appears in Graeco-Roman literature, although their interest was as much medicinal as botanical. It is unclear which species the ancients were familiar with. Although frequently mentioned in Mediaeval and Renaissance texts it was not formally described till the work of Linnaeus in 1753. By 1789 it had been grouped into a family (Narcissi) but shortly thereafter this was renamed Amaryllideae, from which comes the modern placement within Amaryllidaceae, although for a while it was considered part of Liliaceae.

<i>Narcissus abscissus</i> Species of daffodil

Narcissus abscissus is a species of the genus Narcissus (Daffodils) in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is classified in Section Pseudonarcissus. It is native to France and Spain in the region of the Pyrenees.

<i>Narcissus minor</i> Species of plant in the genus Narcissus

Narcissus minor, the lesser daffodil or least daffodil, is a species of Narcissus within the family Amaryllidaceae. The species and its cultivar 'Little Gem' have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

<i>Narcissus</i> Tête-à-tête Narcissus Cultivar Tête-à-tête Daffodil

Narcissus 'Tête-à-tête' is a hybrid cultivar of Narcissus, which was introduced in 1949. It is one of 110 cultivars produced by British daffodil breeder Alec Gray. 'Tête-à-tête' is a popular ornamental plant, which is known for its very early flowering period and short stature. This cultivar is commonly used as a garden plant where it can be planted in pots, rock gardens, garden borders and even naturalized in lawns. The cultivar name 'Tête-à-tête' means to have a conversation between two people, which relates to the cultivar often hosting a pair of flowers per stem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narcissus 'Rip van Winkle'</span> Narcissus Cultivar Rip van Winkle Daffodil

Narcissus 'Rip van Winkle' is an heirloom cultivar of Narcissus, which was first introduced commercially in 1884. When the cultivar was produced is unknown, however it is believed this historic cultivar originated in Irish gardens. The cultivar was first distributed by plantsman William Baylor Hartland of Country Cork, Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narcissus 'King Alfred'</span> Daffodil cultivar

Narcissus 'King Alfred' is a cultivar of daffodil which originates in the county of Devon, United Kingdom. The cultivar is named after English king of the Anglo-Saxons, Alfred the Great.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narcissus 'Thalia'</span> Daffodil cultivar

Narcissus 'Thalia', also sometimes known as the orchid Narcissus, is a cultivar of daffodil, which was bred by M. van Waveren and Sons of Hillegom in 1916. The cultivar was produced by hybridizing an unnamed daffodil with Narcissus triandrus subsp. triandrus var. triandrus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narcissus 'Sun Disc'</span> Daffodil cultivar

Narcissus 'Sun Disc' is a hybrid cultivar of daffodil, which was introduced in 1949. It is one of 110 cultivars produced by British daffodil breeder Alec Gray. The cultivar was produced by hybridizing Narcissus rupicola with Narcissus poeticus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narcissus 'Jetfire'</span> Daffodil cultivar

Narcissus 'Jetfire' is a cultivar of dwarf Narcissus, which was introduced in 1966. It is one of many cultivars produced by American daffodil breeder Grant E. Mitsch. 'Jetfire' is a popular early flowering ornamental plant utilized in gardens, where it can be planted into borders, flowerpots, and naturalized in lawns. The cultivar has received multiple awards, including the Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society.

References

  1. Tropicos
  2. "Narcissus 'Hawera' (5)". Royal Horticultural Society . 2022-06-20. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  3. Köhlein, Menzel, Fritz, Peter (1994). Color Encyclopedia of Garden Plants and Habitats. Timber Press. p. 206. ISBN   9780881922981.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Narcissus triandrus". Alpine Garden Society . 2022-06-20. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  5. Burbidge, F. W. (1875). The Narcissus: Its History and Culture with Coloured Plates and Descriptions of All Known Species and Principal Varieties. Henrietta Street, London: L. Reeve & Co. pp. 57–58.
  6. Barrett, Harder, Spencer C H, Lawrence D (2022-06-20). "The evolution of polymorphic sexual systems in daffodils (Narcissus)". New Phytologist. 165 (1): 45–53. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01183.x. PMID   15720619 . Retrieved 2022-06-20.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Sage, Tammy L.; Strumas, Fanny; Cole, William W.; Barrett, Spencer C. H. (1999-06-01). "Differential ovule development following self- and cross-pollination: the basis of self-sterility in Narcissus triandrus (Amaryllidaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 86 (6): 855–870. doi: 10.2307/2656706 . JSTOR   2656706. PMID   10371727.
  8. 1 2 "Narcissus triandrus L." powo.science.kew.org. 2022-06-20. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Triandrus Narcissus Group". Gardenia.net. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  10. 1 2 "Narcissus triandrus (Orchid Daffodil) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-15.