Neuroleadership

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Neuroleadership refers to the application of findings from neuroscience to the field of leadership. [1] [2] The first time the concept of neuroleadership was mentioned was in 2005 in a Harvard University publication entitled Harvard Business Review. One year later, the theories and principles of this new tool were collated by David Rock and Jeffrey Swartz in their article, The Neuroscience of Leadership. [3] in the US publication Strategy+Business. [4]

Contents

Neuroleadership is not without its critics. [5] They question whether having scientific brain data to back up what was commonly believed adds any value.

SCARF model

The SCARF model is a psychological framework developed by David Rock. It is based on the synthesis of numerous research studies and serves as a mnemonic for remembering the key social domains that drive human behavior in social interactions: Status, Certainty, Autonomy, Relatedness and Fairness. [6]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neuroscience</span> Scientific study of the nervous system

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Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is a pseudoscientific approach to communication, personal development and psychotherapy, that first appeared in Richard Bandler and John Grinder's 1975 book The Structure of Magic I. NLP asserts that there is a connection between neurological processes, language and acquired behavioral patterns, and that these can be changed to achieve specific goals in life. According to Bandler and Grinder, NLP can treat problems such as phobias, depression, tic disorders, psychosomatic illnesses, near-sightedness, allergy, the common cold, and learning disorders, often in a single session. They also say that NLP can model the skills of exceptional people, allowing anyone to acquire them.

In philosophy and neuroscience, neuroethics is the study of both the ethics of neuroscience and the neuroscience of ethics. The ethics of neuroscience concerns the ethical, legal, and social impact of neuroscience, including the ways in which neurotechnology can be used to predict or alter human behavior and "the implications of our mechanistic understanding of brain function for society... integrating neuroscientific knowledge with ethical and social thought".

Neuromarketing is a commercial marketing communication field that applies neuropsychology to market research, studying consumers' sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective responses to marketing stimuli. The potential benefits to marketers include more efficient and effective marketing campaigns and strategies, fewer product and campaign failures, and ultimately the manipulation of the real needs and wants of people to suit the needs and wants of marketing interests.

Dunbar's number is a suggested cognitive limit to the number of people with whom one can maintain stable social relationships—relationships in which an individual knows who each person is and how each person relates to every other person.

Neuroinformatics is the emergent field that combines informatics and neuroscience. Neuroinformatics is related with neuroscience data and information processing by artificial neural networks. There are three main directions where neuroinformatics has to be applied:

The Blue Brain Project is a Swiss brain research initiative that aims to create a digital reconstruction of the mouse brain. The project was founded in May 2005 by the Brain Mind Institute of École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. Its mission is to use biologically-detailed digital reconstructions and simulations of the mammalian brain to identify the fundamental principles of brain structure and function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philip Rubin</span> American cognitive scientist and science administrator

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<i>Strategy+Business</i> Business magazine

''Strategy+Business'' combines powerful insights from inside and outside PwC to define and shape the top management agenda. We seek to help leaders thrive today, reinvent for the future, and deliver sustainable value. Headquartered in New York, strategy+business (s+b) is published by member firms of the PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tania Singer</span> German social neuroscientist (1969-)

Tania Singer is a German psychologist and social neuroscientist and the scientific director of the Max Planck Society's Social Neuroscience Lab in Berlin, Germany. Between 2007 and 2010, she became the inaugural chair of social neuroscience and neuroeconomics at the University of Zurich and was the co-director of the Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research in Zurich. Her research focuses on the developmental, neuronal, and hormonal mechanisms underlying human social behavior and social emotions such as compassion and empathy. She is founder and principal investigator of the ReSource project, one of the largest longitudinal studies on the effects of mental training on brain plasticity as well as mental and physical health, co-funded by the European Research Council. She also collaborates with the macro-economist Dennis Snower on research on caring economics. Singer's Caring Economics: Conversations on Altruism and Compassion, Between Scientists, Economists, and the Dalai Lama was published in 2015. She is the daughter of the neuroscientist Wolf Singer.

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Matthew Dylan Lieberman is a Professor and Social Cognitive Neuroscience Lab Director at UCLA Department of Psychology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aron K. Barbey</span> American cognitive neuroscientist

Aron Keith Barbey is an American cognitive neuroscientist, who investigates the neural architecture of human intelligence and brain plasticity. Barbey is the Emanuel Donchin Professorial Scholar of Psychology and a Professor of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Bioengineering at the University of Illinois. He is director of the Decision Neuroscience Laboratory at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and founding director of the Center for Brain Plasticity at the Beckman Institute, where he leads the Intelligence, Learning, and Plasticity (ILP) Initiative.

Neuromanagement uses cognitive neuroscience, among other life science fields, and technology to analyze economic and managerial issues. It focuses on exploring human brain activities and mental processes when people are faced with typical problems of economics and management. This research provides insight into human decision-making and other general social behavior. The main research areas include decision neuroscience, neuroeconomics, neuromarketing, neuro-industrial engineering, and neuro-information systems. Neuromanagement was first proposed in 2006 by Professor Qingguo Ma, the director of Neuromanagement Laboratory of Zhejiang University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Marci</span>

Carl D. Marci is a physician, scientist, entrepreneur and author of the book, Rewired: Protecting Your Brain in the Digital Age. He is currently Chief Psychiatrist and Managing Director at OM1, a venture-backed health data company using artificial intelligence to improve patient outcomes. He is also a senior advisor to early stage health tech start-ups and a part-time psychiatrist within the Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, and Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.

Judith E. Glaser was an American author, academic, business executive, and organizational anthropologist. She was the founder and chief executive officer of Benchmark Communications, Inc., an executive coaching and management consulting company based in New York City and Boston. Glaser was also the co-founder and chairman of the Creating WE Institute. During her career, she worked with clients including Clairol, Citibank, Pfizer, Burberry, American Airlines, and Verizon.

The NeuroGenderings Network is an international group of researchers in neuroscience and gender studies. Members of the network study how the complexities of social norms, varied life experiences, details of laboratory conditions and biology interact to affect the results of neuroscientific research. Working under the label of "neurofeminism", they aim to critically analyze how the field of neuroscience operates, and to build an understanding of brain and gender that goes beyond gender essentialism while still treating the brain as fundamentally material. Its founding was part of a period of increased interest and activity in interdisciplinary research connecting neuroscience and the social sciences.

Daphna Joel is an Israeli neuroscientist and advocate for "neurofeminism". She is best known for her research which claims that there is no such thing as a "male brain" or a "female brain". Joel's research has been criticized by other neuroscientists who argue that male and female brains, on average, show distinct differences and can be classified with a high level of accuracy. Joel is a member of The NeuroGenderings Network, an international group of researchers in gender studies and neuroscience. They are critical of what they call neurosexism in the scientific community. Joel has given lectures on her work in both scientific and lay conventions around the world.

Jessica D. Payne is a psychologist and associate professor at the University of Notre Dame. Payne's research focuses on the impact of sleep and stress on human memory and psychological well-being. Payne won the Early Career Award from the Psychonomic Society in 2015. Previously, she received the Laird Cermak Award for early contribution to memory research by the International Neuropsychological Society in 2010. Payne has contributed her expertise on sleep to media outlets including New York Times, CNN, and Huffington Post.

Social cognitive neuroscience is the scientific study of the biological processes underpinning social cognition. Specifically, it uses the tools of neuroscience to study "the mental mechanisms that create, frame, regulate, and respond to our experience of the social world". Social cognitive neuroscience uses the epistemological foundations of cognitive neuroscience, and is closely related to social neuroscience. Social cognitive neuroscience employs human neuroimaging, typically using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Human brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation are also used. In nonhuman animals, direct electrophysiological recordings and electrical stimulation of single cells and neuronal populations are utilized for investigating lower-level social cognitive processes.

References

  1. Ruiz-Rodríguez, Raquel; Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, Marta; Ravina-Ripoll, Rafael (4 April 2023). "Neuroleadership: a new way for happiness management". Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 10 (1). doi:10.1057/s41599-023-01642-w. PMC   10071247 .
  2. Lafferty, Christina L.; Alford, Kenneth L. (June 22, 2010). "NeuroLeadership: sustaining research relevance into the 21st century". SAM Advanced Management Journal. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  3. "David Rock". David Rock. 2011-11-06. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
  4. Archived November 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  5. See for example comments by Howard Gardner and Warren Bennis in Australian Financial Review 9 November 2007
  6. David Rock (2008). "SCARF: a brain-based model for collaborating with and influencing others" (PDF). NeuroLeadership Journal. Retrieved 2024-03-05.

Further reading