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Radiology is the medical discipline that uses medical imaging to diagnose diseases and guide their treatment, within the bodies of humans and other animals. It began with radiography, but today it includes all imaging modalities, including those that use no electromagnetic radiation, as well as others that do, such as computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET). Interventional radiology is the performance of usually minimally invasive medical procedures with the guidance of imaging technologies such as those mentioned above.
Pneumoencephalography was a common medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was drained from around the brain by means of a lumbar puncture and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image. It was derived from ventriculography, an earlier and more primitive method where the air is injected through holes drilled in the skull.
Vertebral augmentation, including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, refers to similar percutaneous spinal procedures in which bone cement is injected through a small hole in the skin into a fractured vertebra in order to relieve back pain caused by a vertebral compression fracture. After decades of medical research into the efficacy and safety of vertebral augmentation, there is still a lack of consensus regarding certain aspects of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.
Carotid artery stenosis is a narrowing or constriction of any part of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis.
Neuroimaging is the use of quantitative (computational) techniques to study the structure and function of the central nervous system, developed as an objective way of scientifically studying the healthy human brain in a non-invasive manner. Increasingly it is also being used for quantitative research studies of brain disease and psychiatric illness. Neuroimaging is highly multidisciplinary involving neuroscience, computer science, psychology and statistics, and is not a medical specialty. Neuroimaging is sometimes confused with neuroradiology.
Charles M. Strother is Emeritus Professor of Radiology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was born in McKinney, Texas. He earned his M.D. at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Dr. Strother completed his residencies and fellowships in Neurology, Diagnostic Radiology, and Neuroradiology at Stanford University Medical Center and UCSF School of Medicine. Since then, his work has resulted in over 200 scientific publications. He is past president of the American Society of Neuroradiology (2003-2004). He has trained dozens of radiologists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons in diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology.
Burton Drayer, MD, FACR, FANN, is an American radiologist and nationally recognized authority on the use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing neurological disorders. From 2003 to 2008, he served as president, The Mount Sinai Hospital. As of 2020, he is the Charles M. and Marilyn Newman Professor and System Chair, Radiology, for The Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City.
Sadek Kamil Hilal was a Columbia University radiologist and one of the most influential researchers in advancing imaging science and radiology in the twentieth century.
Y. Pierre Gobin is a French-born American physician who specializes in interventional neuroradiology and endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. He is one of the inventors of the Concentric MERCI Retriever, a device for removing blood clots in the brain that cause stroke.
Interventional neuroradiology (INR) also known as neurointerventional surgery (NIS), endovascular therapy (EVT), endovascular neurosurgery, and interventional neurology is a medical subspecialty of neurosurgery, neuroradiology, intervention radiology and neurology specializing in minimally invasive image-based technologies and procedures used in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the head, neck, and spine.
The American Osteopathic College of Radiology (AOCR), founded in 1941, is a non-profit professional medical association in the United States representing Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) that specialize in radiology. The AOCR is accredited by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) and the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to oversee continuing medical education activities for osteopathic radiologists. The AOCR is one of two professional organizations representing American radiologists, the other organization is the American College of Radiology. The college publishes The Journal of the American Osteopathic College of Radiology (JAOCR).
Val Murray Runge is an American and Swiss professor of radiology and the editor-in-chief of Investigative Radiology. Runge was one of the early researchers to investigate the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), giving the first presentation in this field, followed two years later by the first presentation of efficacy. His research also pioneered many early innovations in MRI, including the use of tilted planes and respiratory gating. His publication on multiple sclerosis in 1984 represented the third and largest clinical series investigating the role of MRI in this disease, and the first to show characteristic abnormalities on MRI in patients whose CT was negative.
Joseph Frederick Sackett is an American clinical neuroradiologist and professor of radiology. During his academic career he published 74 papers in refereed journals, served as a visiting professor for 32 semesters and wrote 11 chapters in radiology textbooks. The University of Wisconsin–Madison established an endowed chair, the Joseph F. Sackett Professorship in Radiology, in honor of him.
Jonathan S. Lewin is an American neuroradiologist specializing in medical imaging research with an emphasis on the investigation, development, and translation of new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. He is the former executive vice president for health affairs (EVPHA) and executive director of the Woodruff Health Sciences Center for Emory University, and former President, CEO, and chairman of the board of Emory Healthcare. He currently serves as professor of radiology, biomedical engineering, and neurosurgery in the Emory School of Medicine and as professor of health policy and management in the Rollins School of Public Health.
Alan Edward Zimmer, M.D. was an American neuroradiologist, specializing in duplex neurovascular and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the 1960s, Zimmer helped bring early neuroradiology methological advancements developed in Sweden to radiologists in the United States. He also conducted early research related to the emerging technologies of computer axial tomography and MRI as these procedures began to revolutionize radiology in the 1970s and '80s. As New Jersey’s senior neuroradiologist, Zimmer was consulted frequently by physicians, hospitals, and the courts to help diagnosis injuries and disease related to the head, neck, and spine. Zimmer was chief of neuroradiology at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) from 1983 until his death.
Denis Le Bihan is a medical doctor, physicist, member of the Institut de France, member of the French Academy of Technologies and director since 2007 of NeuroSpin, an institution of the Atomic Energy and Alternative Energy Commission (CEA) in Saclay, dedicated to the study of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a very high magnetic field. Denis Le Bihan has received international recognition for his outstanding work, introducing new imaging methods, particularly for the study of the human brain, as evidenced by the many international awards he has received, such as the Gold Medal of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2001), the coveted Lounsbery Prize, the Louis D. Prize from the Institut de France, the prestigious Honda Prize (2012), the Louis-Jeantet Prize (2014), the Rhein Foundation Award (2021). His work has focused on the introduction, development and application of highly innovative methods, notably diffusion MRI.
Giovanni Di Chiro was an Italian-American neuroradiologist known for his work in the use of medical imaging techniques, such as computer-assisted tomography, to study the central nervous system.
Tina Young Poussaint is a professor of radiology at the Harvard Medical School and a Neuroradiologist at the Boston Children's Hospital. In 2010 she served as President of the American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology.
Arthur Schüller was an Austrian medical doctor who served as professor at Vienna University and was the founder of the discipline of neuroradiology. He is credited with coining the term "Neuro-Röntgenologie" and he contributed particularly to three neurosurgical procedures; antero-cordotomy, cisternal hydrocephalic drainage and the transsphenoidal approach to pituitary tumours, and is associated with three bone diseases; the Hand–Schüller–Christian disease, osteoporosis circumscripta and cephalohaematoma deformans.
References
- ↑ Taylor, Wendy; Rodesch, Georges (23 September 1995). "Interventional Neuroradiology". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 311 (7008): 789–792. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7008.789. JSTOR 29728808. PMC 2550792 . PMID 7580443.
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