New Jersey Route 139

Last updated

Ellipse sign 139.svg
Route 139
New Jersey Route 139
Route 139 in red, Route 139U in blue
Route information
Maintained by NJDOT and PANYNJ
Length3.32 mi [1] [2] [3]  (5.34 km)
Existed1988–present
RestrictionsNo hazardous goods in Holland Tunnel
Mainline
Length2.49 mi [1] [3]  (4.01 km)
West endUS 1-9.svgTruck plate.svg
US 1-9.svgEllipse sign 7.svg US 1-9  / US 1-9 Truck  / Route 7 in Jersey City
Major intersectionsI-78.svg I-78 in Jersey City
East endI-78.svg I-78 at the New York state line
Upper level
Length0.83 mi [2]  (1,340 m)
West endCR 501 jct.svg CR 501 in Jersey City
East endEllipse sign 139.svg Route 139 (Mainline) in Jersey City
Location
Country United States
State New Jersey
Counties Hudson
Highway system
← Ellipse sign 138.svg Route 138 → Ellipse sign 140.svg Route 140

Route 139 is a state highway in Jersey City, New Jersey in the United States that heads east from the Pulaski Skyway over Tonnele Circle to the state line with New Jersey and New York in the Holland Tunnel, which is under the Hudson River, to New York City. The western portion of the route is a two-level highway that is charted by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) as two separate roadways: The 1.45-mile (2.33 km) lower roadway (Route 139) between U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9) over Tonnele Circle and Interstate 78 (I-78) at Jersey Avenue, and the 0.83-mile (1.34 km) upper roadway (Route 139U or Hoboken Avenue) running from County Route 501 (John F. Kennedy Boulevard) and ending where it joins the lower highway as part of the 12th Street Viaduct, which ends at Jersey Avenue. The lower roadway is listed on the federal and NJ state registers of historic places since 2005. The eastern 1.32 miles (2.12 km) of the route includes the Holland Tunnel approach that runs concurrent with Interstate 78 on the one-way pair of 12th Street eastbound and 14th Street westbound. Including the concurrency, the total length of Route 139 is 2.77 miles (4.46 km).

Contents

What is now Route 139 was originally the northernmost part of the Route 1 Extension. Route 25 replaced Route 1 in the 1927 renumbering. In 1953 renumbering, Route 25 was changed back to U.S. Route 1, which had been previously rerouted to cross the Hudson River when the George Washington Bridge opened in 1931. Route 25 from the Pulaski Skyway over Tonnele Circle to the Holland Tunnel became U.S. Route 1/9 Business. By the 1990s, U.S. Route 1/9 Business was replaced by Route 139. NJDOT assigned it the number 139 because it appears to look similar to “1&9,” with the ‘3’ looking like an ampersand (&).[ dubious – discuss ]

NJDOT began a rehabilitation program for the lower and upper levels of the highway in 2005. The renovation work for the 12th Street and 14th Street viaducts was completed in 2010. Renovation of the upper roadway, including the Hoboken Avenue Viaduct, and Conrail Viaduct on the lower roadway was expected to be completed by 2016.

Route description

Signage on the 14th Street Viaduct at the western terminus of the concurrency of I-78 and Route 139 in Jersey City 2020-07-09 07 44 33 View west along Interstate 78 and New Jersey State Route 139 (14th Street) at the exit for New Jersey State Route 139 WEST (TO U.S. Route 1-Interstate 280, Pulaski Skyway, Kennedy Boulevard, Jersey City) in Jersey City, New Jersey.jpg
Signage on the 14th Street Viaduct at the western terminus of the concurrency of I-78 and Route 139 in Jersey City

Route 139 is essentially three distinct, but connected highways: the upper level, the lower level, and the Holland Tunnel approach (the Interstate 78 concurrency). NJDOT officially charts the lower and upper levels as independent highways, with the lower level considered Route 139 with a notation that the highway then coincides with I-78, and the upper level considered Route 139U, while not signed as such. [1] [2] [3]

Lower level

The lower level of Route 139 is a four-lane freeway with its western end at U.S. Route 1/9 a continuation of the Pulaski Skyway over Tonnele Circle. [1] A direct ramp, known as the Tonnele Circle Viaduct, passes over the circle, to connect westbound traffic with southbound U.S. Route 1/9 Truck, which quickly connects to Route 7 that leads to Interstate 280. Northbound U.S. Route 1/9 Truck connects through the circle to eastbound traffic. [4] The skyway soon ends with eastbound and westbound ramps at a cut in Bergen Hill and the four-lane highway passes under John F. Kennedy Boulevard. [1] [4] The road turns to the southeast as Conrail's National Docks Branch and Long Dock Tunnel crosses over the Bergen Arches, an abandoned Erie Railroad right-of-way. [5] The highway then enters an enclosed open cut, running under the upper level of Route 139 [4] as it passes through the Hudson Palisades; this section is known as the Depressed Highway. [6] [7] The covered roadway is naturally ventilated, with wide openings on the south side of the eastbound lanes (facing the parallel Bergen Arches right-of-way to the south), and ventilation bays over the westbound lanes. [8] The road re-emerges under Palisade Avenue and splits into two viaducts, one eastbound and one westbound, which merge with Interstate 78 just west of Jersey Avenue at the Holland Tunnel approach. [1] [4]

Upper level

Sign designating the upper level of Route 139 as State Highway Present Day State Highway sign.JPG
Sign designating the upper level of Route 139 as State Highway

The upper level of Route 139 (also known as State Highway and Hoboken Avenue Viaduct) [5] [8] begins at an intersection with County Route 501 (Kennedy Boulevard), which connects to Bayonne and Union City. The road heads to the southeast through urban residential and commercial areas as a four-lane undivided road, coming to an intersection with Collard Street. [2] [9] Just past this, the route becomes a four-lane divided road, which is separated by ventilation bays from the lower roadway, with the eastbound lanes running above the lower level of Route 139. [8] It continues between the Heights district to the north and the Journal Square district to the south. [9] It crosses several streets, including County Route 646 (St. Pauls Avenue), County Route 617 (Summit Avenue), County Route 663 (Central Avenue), and County Route 644 (Oakland Street). [2] The road meets Concord Street, where there is an eastbound left lane exit and a westbound intersection. After the intersection with Palisade Avenue, the upper level of Route 139 splits and merges with the lower level with a westbound ramp, which has a westbound entrance from the local Hoboken Avenue, and an eastbound ramp. [2] [9]

Viaducts

The four-lane 12th Street and 14th Street viaducts, completed in 1927 and 1951 respectively, carry Upper Route 139 between Jersey Avenue at Boyle Plaza and the cut into Bergen Hill under Palisade Avenue. [8] [10] Ramps from the western end of 12th Street Viaduct connect to the upper level roadway at the top of Bergen Hill at the Palisade Avenue intersection. Westbound ramp on north side is separated from the main highway by a reinforced concrete retaining wall; the eastbound ramp on south side is supported by reinforced concrete deck arch spans. [8] The western end of 12th Street Viaduct transitions from two-way to one-way, four-lane eastbound traffic just east of the connection with the westbound 14th Street Viaduct. [4] NJDOT undertook a $92 million project to renew the viaducts. [11] The reason for this project was that the viaducts were structurally deficient. [12] The steel beams on the viaducts had deteriorated and the concrete was just extra weight. [13] The project included replacement of the concrete deck, retrofitting for earthquakes, repair of the substructure and superstructure, and construction of a shoulder on westbound 14th Street Viaduct. [11] The rehabilitated viaducts were to also feature ornamental designs to recall the historical significance of the two viaducts. [13] This project was completed in 2010. [11]

I-78 concurrency

Boyle Plaza just after the merge with eastbound Route 139 and I-78 I-78 Feeding Holland Tunnel jeh.jpg
Boyle Plaza just after the merge with eastbound Route 139 and I-78

The elevated westbound Interstate 78 diverges from 14th Street Viaduct of Route 139 one block west of Jersey Avenue. A viaduct for eastbound Interstate 78 runs along south side of eastern section of the 12th Street Viaduct. The highway merges with Route 139 at eastern terminus of 12th Street Viaduct. [14] From here, Route 139 continues east concurrent with that route and passes through business areas as a one-way pair that follows six-lane 12th Street eastbound and six-lane 14th Street westbound. This segment of the route is under the jurisdiction of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and this area is also known as Boyle Plaza. [3] The first intersection is with Jersey Avenue, which heads to Downtown Jersey City and Hoboken. [14] It intersects with the one-way northbound County Route 633 (Erie Street) next before crossing one-way southbound County Route 635 (Grove Street). After Grove Street, the road crosses County Route 637 (Luis Muñoz Marín Boulevard) near the Newport Centre Mall just to the south. Past this intersection, the eastbound traffic comes to the toll plaza for the Holland Tunnel. From here, the concurrency enters the Holland Tunnel under the Hudson River, which carries two lanes in each direction. Route 139 ends at the New Jersey and New York state line within the tunnel and Interstate 78 continues into New York City. [3] [14]

At no point in the I-78 concurrency approaching the Holland Tunnel is the road signed as Route 139. The first time the route is signed westbound is at the split with I-78, and the last time it’s signed eastbound is before it merges with I-78. Even in New York, approaching the tunnel, I-78 is signed with the entrance but Route 139 is not. [14]

History

Early years and route numbering

Route 1 Extension
LocationNJ Route 139, Jersey City
mile post 0-1.45
(excludes 14th St. Viaduct & Pulaski Skyway ramps)
Part of Route 1 Extension (ID05000880 [8] )
NJRHP No.1526 [15]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPAugust 12, 2005
Designated NJRHPJune 13, 2005

What is now the lower level of Route 139 was originally designated as the northernmost part of Route 1 Extension, which was authorized by the New Jersey Legislature in 1922, a route that was to extend the existing Route 1 from Elizabeth to the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City. [16] When the U.S. Highway System was established in 1926, this road was also designated as part of U.S. Route 1. [17] In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering, this highway became part of Route 25, a route that was to run from the Ben Franklin Bridge in Camden to the Holland Tunnel. [18] [19]

View east along the lower level of Route 139 just after passing under CR 501 (JFK Boulevard) in Jersey City 2018-07-08 13 51 55 View east along New Jersey State Route 139 just east of U.S. Route 1 and U.S. Route 9 in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey.jpg
View east along the lower level of Route 139 just after passing under CR 501 (JFK Boulevard) in Jersey City

In the 1953 state highway renumbering, Route 25 designation was changed to U.S. Route 1/9 Business from the Pulaski Skyway over Tonnele Circle to the Holland Tunnel. [20] By the 1990s, U.S. Route 1/9 Business was renumbered to NJ Route 139. [21] [22] Along with the Pulaski Skyway, most of the Route 139 lower level became a contributing property to the Route 1 Extension historic district listed with the state and federal registers of historic places in 2005. [8] [15]

The Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike for Interstate 78 was opened in 1956 to provide access from the New Jersey Turnpike to the Holland Tunnel. [23] Route 139 and I-78 were designated as concurrent where the roads joined at the Holland Tunnel approach near Jersey Avenue all the way to the New York state line in the Holland Tunnel. [1] [3]

Holland Tunnel and Pulaski Skyway connections

As part of the Holland Tunnel project, the New Jersey Interstate Bridge and Tunnel Commission and the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission widened the four blocks of 12th and 14th Streets in Jersey City from Jersey Avenue to Provost Street. 12th Street was widened west of Grove Street to 100 feet (30 m), with the remaining block, at the toll plaza, being 160 feet (49 m) wide. 14th Street, and the two blocks of Jersey Avenue carrying westbound traffic to the 12th Street Viaduct, were widened to 100 feet (30 m).

The two-way, 12th Street Viaduct from Jersey Avenue to the top of Bergen Hill was opened July 4, 1927. [10] The four-lane, westbound, 1,800-foot (550 m), 14th Street Viaduct, which was connected to the 12th Street Viaduct, was opened on February 13, 1951. The Port of New York Authority, which superseded the two state tunnel commissions and took over authority for the Holland Tunnel in 1930, [24] built the 14th Street Viaduct in order to avoid the turns to and from Jersey Avenue, but turned over authority over the viaduct to the New Jersey State Highway Commission. [25] The western end of 12th Street Viaduct was transitioned from two-way traffic to one-way, four-lane, eastbound traffic just east of the connection with the westbound 14th Street Viaduct. [8] It was widened on the southern side between span nos. 1-24 on the eastern end to accommodate the merge in 1956 with the eastbound New Jersey Turnpike extension, I-78. [8]

The upper level of Route 139 westbound 2020-09-25 10 59 57 View west along the upper level of New Jersey State Route 139 between Hudson County Route 644 (Oakland Avenue) and Hudson County Route 663 (Central Avenue) in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey.jpg
The upper level of Route 139 westbound

In 1928, the completed lower level portion of the highway, along with Route 1 Extension on the eastern side of the Passaic River, was opened as the first part of the eventual high-speed connection between the Holland Tunnel and Newark. [26] The upper level of Route 139 (Hoboken Avenue Viaduct), which provided a multi-lane thoroughfare from Palisades Avenue to John F. Kennedy Boulevard, was also opened. [8]

The high-speed freeway connection was completed with the opening of the Pulaski Skyway in 1932. The Pulaski Skyway ramp at its eastern terminus was eventually replaced with two long outside ramps that were dedicated for eastbound and westbound traffic from the cut in Bergen Hill just west of John F. Kennedy Boulevard. [8] On September 14, 1938, a direct ramp, known as the Tonnele Circle Viaduct, opened over Tonnele Circle to connect westbound traffic with southbound U.S. Route 1/9 Truck, which quickly connects to Route 7 that leads to Interstate 280. [8]

Later years

View eastbound along Route 139 from Palisade Avenue, with the Jersey City and Manhattan skylines visible ahead 2021-09-19 13 15 14 View east along New Jersey State Route 139 from the overpass for Palisade Avenue in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey.jpg
View eastbound along Route 139 from Palisade Avenue, with the Jersey City and Manhattan skylines visible ahead

The Bergen Arches Expressway was proposed in 1989 by Governor Thomas Kean to connect the Jersey City waterfront with a new railroad line, which would provide access to the Meadowlands Sports Complex. This four-lane road was to follow an abandoned railroad line known as the Bergen Arches. [27] This proposed highway was strongly supported by Jersey City Mayor Bret Schundler, who felt that the road could bring further development, as well as provide traffic relief to the four-lane Route 139. In 1998, this project was allocated $26 million in the federal Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. [28] Both Jersey City mayor candidates in 2001 supported a transit line instead of a highway along the Bergen Arches. [29] Plans for a highway along the Bergen Arches were dropped in 2002 as leaders of Jersey City, including Mayor Glenn Dale Cunningham, favored mass transit. [30]

In a controversial move in 2011, Governor Chris Christie directed the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to divert money originally earmarked for the Access to the Region's Core rail project to highway projects. The agency agreed to pay $1.8 billion to partially fund rehabilitation to the Pulaski Skyway and Route 139, and other projects that it considers part of the larger distribution network in the Port of New York and New Jersey. [31] [32] [33]

The Route 139 project rehabilitated the eastbound side of Hoboken Avenue Viaduct and resurfaced the westbound roadway. There were operational improvements at several intersections on the upper roadway, replacing all overpasses. [34] It also replaced the deck and rehabilitated the superstructure of the Conrail Viaduct. The total project cost was estimated at $180–200 million and was expected to be completed by 2016, [5] [33] [35] then later pushed back to 2019. [36] The Pulaski Skyway reopened in mid-2018, [37] and the lower level of Route 139 was temporarily restored to four lanes in December 2018, but was partially closed again in early 2019. [36] [38] Improvements added to Route 139's lower level in 2019 included new lighting and new pavement markings. [39]

Major intersections

Mainline

The entire route is in Hudson County.

Locationmi [1] [3] kmDestinationsNotes
Jersey City 0.000.00South plate.svg
US 1-9.svg US 1-9 south (Pulaski Skyway) – Newark 		Western terminus
South plate.svg
Truck plate.svg
US 1-9.svgTo plate blue.svg
I-280.svg US 1-9 Truck south to I-280  – Newark, Kearny, Bayonne 		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; access to I-280 via Route 7; all trucks must exit
North plate.svg
US 1-9.svgTo plate.svg
Ellipse sign 495.svg US 1-9 north (Tonnele Avenue) to Route 495  – Secaucus, Lincoln Tunnel 		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance to Tonnele Circle
0.41–
1.00		0.66–
1.61		Tunnel under Hoboken Avenue (Route 139 Lower Level)
1.131.82Kennedy Boulevard (CR 501) – Jersey City Westbound exit and eastbound entrance to Hoboken Avenue (Upper Level)
1.201.93West plate blue.svg
I-78.svgTo plate blue.svg
I-95.svgTo plate green.svg
New Jersey Turnpike Shield.svg I-78 west to I-95  / N.J. Turnpike 		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; western end of I-78 concurrency
1.452.33Eastern end of freeway section
Jersey Avenue (CR 631) – Lincoln Tunnel
1.692.72Marin Boulevard (CR 637)
Hudson River 1.80–
2.49		2.90–
4.01		 Holland Tunnel (eastbound toll; E-ZPass or toll-by-plate)
2.494.01East plate blue.svg
I-78.svg I-78 east – New York City 		Continuation into New York at the river's center; eastern end of I-78 concurrency
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Hoboken Avenue (Upper Level)

The entire route is in Jersey City, Hudson County.

mi [2] kmDestinationsNotes
0.000.00CR 501 jct.svgTo plate.svg
US 1-9.svg CR 501 (Kennedy Boulevard) to US 1-9
0.400.64Central Avenue (CR 663)
0.781.26Palisade Avenue (CR 654)No left turns
0.831.34East plate.svg
Ellipse sign 139.svg Route 139 east		Hoboken Avenue merges with lower level
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey</span> Highway in New Jersey

U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a U.S. Route which parallels the East Coast of the United States, running from Key West, Florida, in the south to Fort Kent, Maine, at the Canadian border in the north. Of the entire length of the route, 66.06 miles (106.31 km) of it runs through New Jersey. It enters the state from Pennsylvania on the Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in the state capital of Trenton, running through the city on the Trenton Freeway. From here, US 1 continues northeast as a surface divided highway through suburban areas, heading into Middlesex County and passing through New Brunswick and Edison. US 1 merges with US 9 in Woodbridge, and the two routes continue through northern New Jersey as US 1/9 to the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River in Fort Lee. At this point, the road continues into New York City along with Interstate 95.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Route 1/9</span> Highway in New Jersey and New York

U.S. Route 1/9 is the 31.0-mile-long (49.9 km) concurrency of US 1 and US 9 from their junction in Woodbridge in Middlesex County, New Jersey, north to New York City. The route is a multilane road with some freeway portions that runs through urbanized areas of North Jersey adjacent to New York City. Throughout most of its length in New Jersey, the road runs near the New Jersey Turnpike. In Fort Lee, US 1/9 merges onto I-95 and crosses the Hudson River on the George Washington Bridge, where the two U.S. Routes split a short distance into New York. US 1/9 intersects several major roads, including I-278 in Linden, Route 81 in Elizabeth, I-78 and US 22 in Newark, Route 139 in Jersey City, Route 3 and Route 495 in North Bergen, and US 46 in Palisades Park. US 1/9 also serves as the primary access point to Newark Airport. Between Newark and Jersey City, US 1/9 runs along the Pulaski Skyway. Trucks are banned from this section of road and must use Truck US 1/9. The concurrency between US 1 and US 9 is commonly referred to as "1 and 9". Some signage for the concurrency, as well as the truck route, combines the two roads into one shield, separated by a hyphen (1-9) or an ampersand (1&9).

The JFK Expressway is a freeway connecting the Belt Parkway with John F. Kennedy International Airport in Queens, New York City. It interchanges with the Nassau Expressway near the originally proposed southern terminus of the Clearview Expressway. The highway is the newest expressway in New York City, with the final section having been completed in December 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Jersey Route 151</span> Highway in New Jersey

Route 151 was a short, one-way pair state highway in the city of Camden, New Jersey from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard to County Route 537 in the city. There was also an interchange with U.S. Route 30, and the entire roadway was near Interstate 676's Interchange 5A. Route 151 ran along South Tenth Street for eastbound traffic and South Eleventh Street for westbound traffic west of Mount Ephraim Avenue. From there, South Tenth was known as Flanders Avenue and South Eleventh was known as Memorial Avenue. At U.S. Route 30, the route continued bi-directionally as Flanders Avenue until its end at County Route 537.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Special routes of U.S. Route 9</span>

A total of at least three special routes of U.S. Route 9 (US 9) exist and at least seven have been decommissioned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Washington Bridge Plaza</span> Toll plaza in Fort Lee, New Jersey, US

The George Washington Bridge Plaza, also known as GWB Plaza or Bridge Plaza, is the convergence of roads and highways around the site of the George Washington Bridge toll plaza in Fort Lee, New Jersey, United States. The plaza is located north of and parallel to Fort Lee's Main Street. The surrounding busy area is characterized by a mix of commercial and residential uses and an architectural variety that includes parking lots, strip malls, houses, gas stations, mid-rise office buildings and high-rise condominiums. Just to the east is Fort Lee Historic Park, Palisades Interstate Park and the bridge's western tower.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Route 139 lower roadway straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation . Retrieved March 17, 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Route 139 upper roadway straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Interstate 78 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Overview of New Jersey Route 139 lower level" (Map). Google Maps . Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  5. 1 2 3 Staff (2010). "Pulaski Skyway History". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  6. ↑ Strunsky, Steve (October 25, 2010). "Holland Tunnel commuters face 5 years of added delays". NJ.com
  7. ↑ "Tractor-trailer overheats on Depressed Highway in Jersey City". The Jersey Journal. March 13, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 McCahon, Mary E. & Johnston, Sandra G. (December 2003). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Route 1 Extension" (PDF). National Park Service. p. 2. Retrieved March 22, 2013. and accompanying 25 photos from 1929 to 2003. Route 139 is a contributing property to the "Route 1 Extension".
  9. 1 2 3 "Overview of New Jersey Route 139 upper level" (Map). Google Maps . Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  10. 1 2 "Jersey Road Link Will Open July 4". The New York Times . June 19, 1927. p. E21. Retrieved May 6, 2013.(subscription required)
  11. 1 2 3 "Route 139: 12th & 14th Streets Viaduct Rehabilitation". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 28, 2006.
  12. ↑ "Route 139 Rehabilitation Project Frequently Asked Questions". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  13. 1 2 Schurr, Arthur (May 2006). "Short for Success". Roads & Bridges. 44 (5). Retrieved September 17, 2009.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Overview of New Jersey Route 139/Interstate 78 concurrency" (Map). Google Maps . Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  15. 1 2 Historic Preservation Office (January 18, 2013). "New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places: Hudson County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 19, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
  16. ↑ "Chapter 253, Laws for 1922". Acts of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey. Secretary of State of New Jersey: 612. 1922. Retrieved April 27, 2013. NJ 1922, Chapter 253.
  17. ↑ Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC   32889555 . Retrieved November 7, 2013– via Wikimedia Commons.
  18. ↑ State of New Jersey, Laws of 1927, Chapter 319.
  19. ↑ 1927 New Jersey Road Map (Map). New Jersey State Highway Department. Archived from the original on October 31, 2007. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  20. ↑ "New Road Signs Ready in New Jersey". The New York Times. December 16, 1952. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  21. ↑ State Farm Road Atlas (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally. State Farm Insurance. 1983.
  22. ↑ United States-Canada-Mexico Road Atlas (Map). Rand McNally. 1996.
  23. ↑ "Jersey Will Open Pike Link Today; New Jersey Turnpike Extension Will Cut Travel Time". The New York Times. September 15, 1956. p. 14. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  24. ↑ "History – Holland Tunnel". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . Retrieved May 8, 2013.
  25. ↑ "To Ease Travel Snarl Between Here and New Jersey". The New York Times . February 14, 1951. p. 20 (NY TimesSpecial). Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  26. ↑ "Jersey's Super Road to Be Opened Today" (Fee required). The New York Times . December 16, 1928. p. XX12.
  27. ↑ Kerr, Peter (June 27, 1989). "Kean Proposes Transit Plan For Waterfront". The New York Times. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  28. ↑ "JERSEY PORTS:Newark-Jersey City projects". TollRoadsNews. July 4, 1998. Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  29. ↑ "New Jersey City Mayor Could End Bergen Arches Highway Plan". Tri-State Transportation Campaign. May 28, 2001. Archived from the original on January 7, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  30. ↑ "Bergen Arches Concept Study Complete: Public Adamantly Opposes Roadway Option". Tri-State Transportation Campaign. October 28, 2002. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  31. ↑ McGeehan, Patrick (January 6, 2011). "Christie Outlines a Plan to Pay for Transit Work". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  32. ↑ Boburg, Shawn (March 29, 2011). "Port Authority to redirect $1.8B in tunnel funds to North Jersey road repairs". The Record. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  33. 1 2 "FY 2013 Transportation Capital Program New Jersey Department of Transportation Projects" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. p. 1. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  34. ↑ "DOT moving on to next Jersey City bridge replacement project". September 10, 2016.
  35. ↑ Staff (2013). "Pulaski Skyway Contracts". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  36. 1 2 "Route 139 Lower Level restored to four lanes in Jersey City as Pulaski Skyway Contract 2 advances". www.state.nj.us. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  37. ↑ Gallo, Bill Jr. (July 1, 2018). "Surprise! Pulaski Skyway reopens 2 days early, delighting holiday drivers". NJ.com. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  38. ↑ Higgs, Larry (December 19, 2018). "Work on the underground highway to the Holland Tunnel should have been finished last year. What's the delay?". nj. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  39. ↑ Higgs, Larry (April 11, 2019). "This dark, dank stretch of road is like the bowels of N.J. What's being done to fix it?". nj. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
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