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All 577 seats in the National Assembly 289 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Legislative elections are scheduled to be held in France by 2029 to elect all 577 members of the 18th National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic. [1] However, given the current political crisis, a dissolution of the National Assembly is envisaged either in 2025 or in 2027 after the presidential election. [2] [3] [ needs update ]
Article 12 of the French Constitution grants the President of France the authority to dissolve the National Assembly after consultations with the Prime Minister and the presidents of the Assembly and the Senate. [4] Voting must be held between 20 and 40 days after the declaration of the dissolution. Since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958, this article has been invoked six times by four Presidents: 1962 and 1968 by Charles de Gaulle. 1981 and 1988 by François Mitterrand. 1997 by Jacques Chirac, and most recently in 2024 by Emmanuel Macron [5]
The 2024 elections resulted in a hung parliament and three minority governments led by Michel Barnier, François Bayrou, and Sébastien Lecornu, all being appointed by Emmanuel Macron. Both Barnier and Bayrou's governments collapsed as a reslt of confidence votes.
The absence of a stable majority means the current government constantly lives under the threat of a vote of no confidence as well as losing parliamentary votes, leading to speculations of snap elections taking place well ahead of 2029. [6] [7] [8]
The 577 members of the National Assembly, known as deputies, are elected for five years by a two-round system in single-member constituencies. A candidate who receives an absolute majority of valid votes and a vote total greater than 25% of the registered electorate is elected in the first round. If no candidate reaches this threshold, a runoff election is held between the top two candidates plus any other candidate who received a vote total greater than 12.5% of registered voters. The candidate who receives the most votes in the second round is elected. [9]
| Polling firm | Date | Sample size | EXG | NFP | DVG | ECO | ENS | DVC | LR | DVD | DLF | RN and allies | REC | Others | Lead | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LFI | LE | PCF | PS | UDR | RN | ||||||||||||||
| — | 8–9 Sep 2025 | Bayrou government dissolved; Lecornu government formed | |||||||||||||||||
| Ifop [10] | 5–8 Sep 2025 | 1,089 | 1.5% | 24% | 5% | – | 14% | – | 12% | 2.5% | 2% | 34% | 3.5% | 1.5% | 10% | ||||
| 1% | 9% | 19% | 3% | – | 14% | – | 12% | 2% | 2% | 33% | 4% | 1% | 14% | ||||||
| Cluster17 [11] | 5–7 Sep 2025 | 1,133 | 1% | 25% | 5.5% | – | 14% | 1% | 13% | 2% | 1.5% | 29% | 4% | 4% | 4% | ||||
| 1% | 11% | 16% | 3% | – | 13% | 1% | 13% | 2% | 1.5% | 29% | 4.5% | 5% | 13% | ||||||
| 1% | 14% | 14% | 3% | – | 12.5% | 1% | 12% | 3% | 1.5% | 29% | 4% | 5% | 15% | ||||||
| Harris [12] | 4–5 Sep 2025 | 2,017 | 1% | 26% | 6% | – | 16% | – | 10% | – | – | 33% | 5% | 3% | 7% | ||||
| 1% | 10% | 19% | 4% | – | 16% | – | 10% | – | – | 33% | 5% | 3% | 14% | ||||||
| Ifop [13] | 29 Aug–1 Sep 2025 | 1,369 | 1% | 25% | 5% | – | 15% | – | 13% | 2% | 1.5% | 33% | 4% | 0.5% | 8% | ||||
| 1% | 11% | 15% | 4% | – | 15% | – | 13% | 3% | 1.5% | 32% | 3.5% | 1% | 17% | ||||||
| Elabe [14] | 28–29 Aug 2025 | 1,563 | 2% | 23.5% | 6.5% | – | 14% | – | 10.5% | 2.5% | – | 31.5% | 5% | 4.5% | 8.0% | ||||
| 1.5% | 10% | 16.5% | 5% | – | 13.5% | – | 10.5% | 3% | – | 31% | 4.5% | 4.5% | 14.5% | ||||||
| Elabe [15] | 3–5 Jun 2025 | 1,496 | 2% | 21% | 6.5% | – | 15.5% | – | 10% | 3.5% | – | 32.5% | 3% | 6% | 11.5% | ||||
| 1.5% | 10% | 16% | 3.5% | – | 15.5% | – | 10.5% | 3% | – | 33% | 2.5% | 4.5% | 17% | ||||||
| Ifop [16] | 3–4 Jun 2025 | 1,385 | 0.5% | 21% | 7% | – | 18% | – | 11% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 35% | 2% | 1.5% | 14% | |||
| 1% | 11% | 13% | 4% | – | 18% | – | 11% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 0.5% | 35% | 2% | 1.5% | 17% | |||||
| 0.5% | 9% | 5% | 3% | 12% | 3% | – | 16% | – | 10% | 2% | 1% | 0.5% | 34% | 2.5% | 1.5% | 18% | |||
| Ifop [17] | 5–6 Feb 2025 | 1,377 | 1% | 14% | 13% | 2% | – | 15% | – | 13% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 35% | 3% | 1% | 21% | ||
| 1.5% | 8% | 19% | 2.5% | – | 15% | – | 12% | 1% | 1% | 0.5% | 35% | 3% | 1.5% | 16% | |||||
| — | 4–13 Dec 2024 | Barnier government dissolved; Bayrou government formed | |||||||||||||||||
| — | 5 Sep 2024 | Beginning of French political crisis: Attal government dissolved; Barnier government formed | |||||||||||||||||
| 2024 Election Results [18] | 30 Jun 2024 | — | 1.14% | 28.21% | 1.57% | 0.57% | 21.28% | 1.22% | 6.57% | 3.60% | 0.28% | 3.96% | 29.26% | 0.75% | 1.60% | 1.05% | |||
... to keep the government functioning until July 2025, the next time that general elections can be held.
