2022 French legislative election

Last updated

2022 French legislative election
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←  2017 12 June 2022 (first round)
19 June 2022 (second round)		 2024  →
All 577 seats in the National Assembly
289 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout47.5% (Decrease2.svg1.2 pp) (1st round)
46.2% (Increase2.svg3.6 pp) (2nd round)
 First partySecond party
 
La Premiere ministre francaise Elisabeth Borne (cropped).jpg
Jean-Luc Melenchon 2022 (cropped).jpg
Leader Élisabeth Borne Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Party LREM LFI
Alliance Ensemble NUPÉS
Leader's seat Calvados's 6th Bouches-du-Rhône's 4th (did not stand)
Last electionNew allianceNew alliance
Seats won245 [a] 131 [a]
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 101Increase2.svg 74
1st round
%		5,857,364
25.8% Decrease2.svg6.5%		5,836,079
25.7% [b] Increase2.svg1.1%
2nd round
%		8,002,419
38.6% Decrease2.svg10.6%		6,556,198
31.6% Increase2.svg19.9%
 Third partyFourth party
 
Marin Le Pen (28-01-2022) (cropped).jpg
Christian-Jacob-2020 (cropped).jpg
Leader Marine Le Pen Christian Jacob
Party RN LR
Alliance – UDC
Leader's seat Pas-de-Calais's 11th Seine-et-Marne's 4th (did not stand)
Last election8130
Seats won8964
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 82Decrease2.svg 56
1st round
%		4,248,537
18.7% Increase2.svg5.5%		2,568,502
11.3% Decrease2.svg7.5%
2nd round
%		3,589,465
17.3% Increase2.svg8.5%		1,512,281
7.3% Decrease2.svg18.0%
2022 French Legislative Election Results Map First Round.svg
2022 French Legislative Election Results Map Second Round.svg
Prime Minister before election

Élisabeth Borne
LREM

Elected Prime Minister

Élisabeth Borne
LREM

Legislative elections were held in France on 12 and 19 June 2022 to elect the 577 members of the 16th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. The elections took place following the 2022 French presidential election, which was held in April 2022. [2] They have been described as the most indecisive legislative elections since the establishment of the five-year presidential term in 2000 and subsequent change of the electoral calendar in 2002. [3] The governing Ensemble coalition remained the largest bloc in the National Assembly but substantially lost its ruling majority, resulting in the formation of France's first minority government since 1993; for the first time since 1997, the incumbent president of France did not have an absolute majority in Parliament. As no alliance won a majority, it resulted in a hung parliament for the first time since 1988. [4]

Contents

The legislative elections were contested between four principal blocs: the centrist presidential majority Ensemble coalition, including Emmanuel Macron's Renaissance, the Democratic Movement, Horizons, as well as their allies; the left-wing New Ecological and Social People's Union (NUPES), encompassing La France Insoumise, the Socialist Party, Ecologist Pole and the French Communist Party; the centre-right Union of the Right and Centre (UDC), including The Republicans, the Union of Democrats and Independents, as well as their allies; and the far-right National Rally (RN). The NUPES alliance was formed in the two months following the presidential election, in which the left-wing vote had been fragmented; it consisted of the first French Left alliance since the Plural Left in 1997. [5]

In the first round, there was some controversy among the Ministry of the Interior and news media about which bloc finished first, as both the NUPES and Ensemble obtained about 26% of the vote. [1] They were followed by the RN on about 19% and UDC with about 11%. [6] Turnout for the first round was a record-low 47.5%. [7] In the second round, when turnout was higher than that of 2017, Macron's Ensemble coalition secured the most seats (245) but fell 44 seats short of an absolute majority. [8] [9] [a] The NUPES was projected to win 131 (Ministry of the Interior) or 142 seats ( Le Monde ), while RN became the largest parliamentary opposition as a party (89). The UDC received enough seats (64 or 71) to be a kingmaker in the next government but suffered losses. [8]

The results were perceived by political commentators as a dramatic blow for Macron, [9] [11] who, all at once, lost his majority in Parliament, three government ministers (Amélie de Montchalin for Ecological Transition, Brigitte Bourguignon for Health and Justine Bénin for the Sea) and three close parliamentary allies (incumbent president of the National Assembly Richard Ferrand, Macron's own former Interior minister and head of the LREM parliamentary group Christophe Castaner and MoDem parliamentary group leader Patrick Mignola), all defeated in their constituencies. The 2022 UEFA Champions League final chaos at the Stade de France on 28 May, [12] rape accusations against newly appointed minister Damien Abad or the unusually long period between Macron's reelection as President and the formation of the new Borne government (26 days) have been cited as major factors in Macron's majority wipeout. [13]

Macron's government, which enjoyed a 115-seat majority before the election, now fell at least 38 short of an overall majority, the largest margin for any French Cabinet since 1958. This near-unprecedented situation created potential for political instability and gridlock. [4] Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne offered her resignation on 21 June 2022, but Macron refused to accept it. Talks among the various parties to form a stable majority government began later on 21 June but rapidly failed. On 6 July, Prime Minister Borne presented her minority government policy plan to the Parliament.

Background

Following the 2017 legislative elections the incumbent president Emmanuel Macron's party, La République En Marche! (LREM), and its allies held a majority in the National Assembly (577 seats). The LREM group had 308 deputies, the Democratic Movement and affiliated democrats group had 42 deputies, and Agir ensemble, which was created in November 2017, had 9 deputies. [14] Although a proposal to have part of the French Parliament elected with a proportional representation system was included in Macron's platform in 2017, this election promise was not fulfilled. [15] A similar promise was made by François Hollande during the 2012 presidential election. [16]

Macron, from the centrist LREM, had defeated Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right National Rally, 66–34% in the 2017 French presidential election. [2] [17] The 2022 French presidential election was held on 10 and 24 April. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held, in which Macron defeated Le Pen 58–41% and was reelected as President of France. [18] In the first round, Macron took the lead with 27.9% of votes, while Valérie Pécresse, the candidate for the Republicans, took under 5% of the vote in the first round, the worst result in the history of the party or its Gaullist predecessors. Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, received 1.75% of the vote, the worst in the history of the Socialist Party (PS). [19] With more than 30% of the vote, [4] it was the best result for French far-right figures since the founding of the Fifth French Republic with the 1958 French presidential election. [20] Jean-Luc Mélenchon of La France Insoumise (LFI) came third in the first round with 21.95% of the vote and 1.2% behind second-placed Le Pen, also coming first in the 18–24 and 25–34 age groups, as well in Île-de-France, the most populous region of France. [21] [22]

In the context of the legislative election common participation, as the largest French Left force in the presidential election, [23] [24] [25] LFI sought to unite the main left-leaning parties around the banner of the New Ecological and Social People's Union, [5] [26] [27] or NUPES. [28] [29] Discussions were held with Europe Ecology – The Greens, [30] [31] including the Ecologist Pole, [32] [33] as well as the French Communist Party, [34] which joined the coalition on 2–3 May 2022, respectively; [35] the PS reached an agreement to join the coalition on 4 May, which was confirmed by a National Council party vote on 5 May. [36] [37] This resulted in the first wide left-wing alliance since the Plural Left in the 1997 French legislative election. [5]

Discussion with the Federation of the Republican Left (FGR), which wanted to join NUPES, [38] [39] went unanswered; [40] the FGR then formed alliances with the Radical Party of the Left, which internally rejected integration into NUPES, and the dissident minority in the PS, among the miscellaneous left. Their candidates presented themselves as part of the "secular and republican" left between Macron and Mélenchon. [41] The New Anticapitalist Party announced it would not enter the coalition due to what they called insurmountable ideological differences with the PS, [42] [43] [44] while Lutte Ouvrière announced that the party would run its own slate separate from NUPES, which they believe to be reformist. [45]

On 5 May 2022, LREM changed its name to Renaissance, introducing its big tent coalition for the legislative election made up of the presidential majority parties called Ensemble Citoyens (Ensemble). [46] [47] On 16 May, Macron appointed Élisabeth Borne as Prime Minister, replacing Jean Castex. Borne, a member of Renaissance and formerly of the PS, was serving as Macron's Minister of Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion prior to her appointment as prime minister. She is only the second woman to hold the office. [48]

Electoral system

The 577 members of the National Assembly, known as deputies, are elected for five years by a two-round system in single-member constituencies. A candidate who receives an absolute majority of valid votes and a vote total greater than 25% of the registered electorate is elected in the first round. If no candidate reaches this threshold, a runoff election is held between the top two candidates plus any other candidate who received a vote total greater than 12.5% of registered voters. The candidate who receives the most votes in the second round is elected. [49]

Dates

According to the provisions of the Electoral Code, the election must be held within the sixty days which precede the expiry of the powers of the outgoing National Assembly, attached to the third Tuesday of June, five years after its election, except in the event of dissolution of the National Assembly. [50] The end of the mandate of the Assembly elected in 2017 is set for 21 June 2022. The dates for the legislative elections in mainland France were set for 12 and 19 June. [51] Declarations of candidacy must be submitted no later than 20 May for the first round and 14 June for the second round. [52] French nationals who live abroad were able to vote in the days preceding the ballot. [53]

Major parties and alliances

Below are the major parties and alliances contesting the elections, listed by their combined results in the previous elections. According to Le Journal du dimanche , the elections are mainly contested between three blocs: a left-wing bloc (NUPES), a presidential bloc on the centre-right (Ensemble), and a far-right bloc. [3]

Party or allianceMain ideologyPositionLeader
Ensemble La République En Marche! and allies Liberalism Centre Stanislas Guerini
Democratic Movement Liberalism Centre to centre-right François Bayrou
Horizons Liberal conservatism Centre-right Édouard Philippe
UDC The Republicans and allies Liberal conservatism Centre-right to right-wing Christian Jacob
Union of Democrats and Independents Liberalism Centre to centre-right Jean-Christophe Lagarde
NUPES La France Insoumise and allies Democratic socialism Left-wing to far-left Adrien Quatennens
Europe Ecology – The Greens and allies Green politics Centre-left to left-wing Julien Bayou
Socialist Party and allies Social democracy Centre-left Olivier Faure
French Communist Party Communism Left-wing to far-left Fabien Roussel
National Rally and allies Right-wing nationalism Far-right Jordan Bardella
Radical Party of the Left and allies Social liberalism Centre-left Guillaume Lacroix
UPF Debout la France and allies National conservatism Right-wing to far-right Nicolas Dupont-Aignan
Les Patriotes Right-wing nationalism Right-wing to far-right Florian Philippot
Reconquête and allies Right-wing nationalism Far-right Éric Zemmour

Deputies not standing for reelection

Opinion polls

Opinion polls French legislative 2022.svg
Local regression of polls conducted

Results

First round

After the first round, the New Ecological and Social People's Union (NUPES) and Ensemble Citoyens (Ensemble) obtained about 26%. Amid significant losses on the right-wing of the political spectrum for the Republicans (LR) and the Union of the Right and Centre (UDC), [4] results for Emmanuel Macron's Ensemble alliance showed it was now the centre-right, having performed strongly among the traditionally centre-right electorate of UDC. [6] The French far-right achieved mixed results; while the National Rally (RN) achieved 18% and was likely to obtain the necessary seats to form a parliamentary group, Éric Zemmour's Reconquête reached 4%, and both he and the party failed to win a seat, and former RN leader Marine Le Pen had to go through the second round for her seat due to low turnout. [6]

In contests between NUPES and RN candidates, officials from Ensemble said they would decide on a "case-by-case basis" on whether or not to support a candidate. [6] Élisabeth Borne, Prime Minister of France, said: "Our position is no vote for RN." At the same time, she expressed support only for NUPES candidates who in her view respect republican values. [54] [55] The first round confirmed that La France Insoumise (LFI) within NUPES and among the French Left, while the centre-left dissidents achieved a much lower numbers of votes like the 2022 French presidential election; of the over 70 dissident candidates, only 15 qualified for the second round. [56]

The first round was marked by a record low turnout at 47.5%. [7] Additionally, there was some controversy in the results between the Ministry of the Interior and French news outlets, such as France Info and Le Monde , in particular on whether NUPES or Ensemble finished first; [57] This was due to disagreements on whether left-wing candidates should be considered within the NUPES framework or not; [1] similar discrepancies also existed for UDC and other alliances. [58] NUPES finished either second (per the Ministry of the Interior) or first (per Le Monde), slightly behind or ahead of Ensemble (25.75–25.66% per the Ministry of the Interior and 26.1–25.9% per Le Monde). [59] [60] [61]

Second round

Constituency results after the second round by parties 2022 French Legislative Election Results Map Second Round Parties.svg
Constituency results after the second round by parties

The second round had a higher turnout than that in the 2017 French legislative election but did not match that of the first round a week earlier. The Ensemble alliance slightly underperformed the polls and lost their absolute majority in Parliament, [62] while still winning the most seats. [8] NUPES slightly underperformed relative to the polls, but still managed to substantially increase its proportion of seats and was to reported to have won 131 seats by the Ministry of the Interior.

RN substantially overperformed the polls to win an unprecedented 89 seats and become the largest parliamentary opposition group, because each component party of NUPES intended to form its own separate parliamentary grouping. [63] [64] RN thereby eclipsed the UDC coalition, which won enough seats to be a kingmaker in the next government but still lost seats, as expected, and was projected to win 75 seats. [8] It was the best performance for the far right in the era of the French Fifth Republic, [65] and their best performance since the late 19th century. [20] Several news outlets, such as Agence France-Presse, gave a different result as to the final seat count, with Ensemble on 247, NUPES on 142, and UDC on 64, respectively, according to Le Monde. This was due to differences as to whether candidates, particularly in the French overseas constituencies, were classified as members of these alliances or not. [10]

The elections resulted in a hung parliament, as Ensemble had only a relative majority (a plurality). [9] It was the first hung parliament since the establishment of the five-year presidential term after the 2000 French constitutional referendum, [11] as well as the first relative majority only since the 1988 French legislative election. [4] The overall results were seen as a disavowal and major blow for Macron, with a risk of political instability and gridlock. [11] Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire called the outcome a "democratic shock", and said that if the other blocs did not cooperate, "this would block our capacity to reform and protect the French". [9] Prime Minister Borne commented: "The result is a risk for our country in view of the challenges we have to face." [9] LR, the leading party of UDC, was thought to be the kingmaker and potentially play a role for Macron to keep his presidential majority; [6] however, Christian Jacob, the president of LR and the leader of UDC, stated that his party would remain in opposition, meaning Macron's party would not remain in control of the legislature. [66] [67] Mélenchon called the results "disappointing" and said that NUPES and the French Left should form a united, single parliamentary group to avoid RN from becoming the largest opposition group in Parliament, [68] [69] which was refused by leaders of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), French Communist Party (PCF), and Socialist Party (PS). [70]

National results

National Assembly 2022.svg
XVIe legislature.svg
XVI French NA with all parties.svg
PartyFirst roundSecond roundTotal
seats		+/–
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Ensemble 5,857,36425.7518,002,41938.57244245–105
New Ecological and Social People's Union 5,836,07925.6646,556,19831.60127131+79
National Rally 4,248,53718.6803,589,46517.308989+81
Union of the Right and Centre 2,568,50211.2901,512,2817.296464–66
Reconquête 964,7754.2400New
Miscellaneous left [c] 713,5743.140408,7061.972121+9
Ecologists608,3142.6700–1
Miscellaneous right 530,7822.330231,0711.111010+4
Regionalists291,3841.280264,7791.281010+5
Miscellaneous centre 283,6121.25099,1450.4844+4
Miscellaneous far-left [d] 266,4121.17011,2290.05000
Sovereignist right [e] 249,6031.10019,3060.09110
Miscellaneous192,6240.85018,2950.0911–2
Radical Party of the Left 126,6890.56034,5760.1711–2
Miscellaneous far-right6,4570.0300–1
Total22,744,708100.00520,747,470100.005725770
Valid votes22,744,70897.8020,747,47092.36
Invalid votes149,3060.64480,9622.14
Blank votes362,1931.561,235,8445.50
Total votes23,256,207100.0022,464,276100.00
Registered voters/turnout48,953,74847.5148,589,36046.23
Source: Ministry of the Interior
Popular vote (first round)
Ensemble
 
25.75%
NUPES
 
25.66%
RN
 
18.68%
UDC
 
11.29%
REC
 
4.24%
DVG
 
3.14%
ECO
 
2.67%
DVD
 
2.33%
REG
 
1.28%
DVC
 
1.25%
DXG
 
1.17%
DSV
 
1.10%
DIV
 
0.85%
PRG
 
0.56%
DXD
 
0.03%
Popular vote (second round)
Ensemble
 
38.57%
NUPES
 
31.60%
RN
 
17.3%
UDC
 
7.29%
DVG
 
1.97%
REG
 
1.28%
DVD
 
1.11%
DVC
 
0.48%
PRG
 
0.17%
DSV
 
0.09%
DIV
 
0.09%
DXG
 
0.05%
REC
 
0.00%
ECO
 
0.00%
DXD
 
0.00%
Popular vote (seats)
Ensemble
 
42.50%
NUPES
 
22.70%
RN
 
15.40%
UDC
 
11.09%
DVG
 
0.03%
DVD
 
0.02%
REG
 
0.02%
DVC
 
0.01%
PRG
 
0.00%
DSV
 
0.00%
DIV
 
0.00%

Results by constituency

2022 French legislative election map results by constituency

Electorate

Sociology of the electorate
Demographic EXG NUPES DVG ECO ENS DVC UDC/DVD UPF RN REC Others
Total vote1.2%25.2%4.1%2.6%25.2%1.5%13.7%1.2%18.9%3.9%2.5%
First-round vote in the 2022 presidential election
Jean-Luc Mélenchon 0%85%5%3%2%0%3%0%2%0%0%
Yannick Jadot 5%39%12%11%10%6%6%0%0%0%11%
Emmanuel Macron 0%5%3%1%71%4%12%0%0%1%3%
Valérie Pécresse 0%3%2%1%9%3%76%0%5%1%0%
Marine Le Pen 0%5%0%1%2%0%9%1%78%2%2%
Éric Zemmour 0%1%0%3%5%0%24%1%18%46%2%
Political party affiliation
LFI 0%93%3%0%0%0%1%0%2%0%1%
EELV 1%52%9%11%9%0%7%0%2%0%9%
PS 2%43%18%2%24%0%3%1%3%0%4%
LREM / MoDem 0%2%3%1%82%5%6%0%0%0%1%
LR / UDI 0%2%2%2%13%0%70%0%8%2%1%
RN 0%3%0%1%2%0%3%0%87%1%3%
REC 0%0%0%0%7%0%8%1%8%76%0%
None2%25%3%5%21%2%18%1%19%2%2%
Sex
Men1%23%4%3%25%1%14%1%21%5%2%
Women2%27%4%3%25%2%14%2%17%2%2%
Age
18–24 years old1%42%3%3%13%0%10%1%18%5%4%
25–34 years old3%38%4%5%19%1%6%2%18%4%0%
35–49 years old1%31%2%3%18%2%11%1%26%2%3%
50–59 years old1%22%4%4%17%1%14%2%30%3%2%
60–69 years old2%26%5%1%28%2%13%1%13%5%4%
70 or older1%15%5%2%38%1%19%1%12%4%2%
Socio-occupational classification
Manager/professional1%28%7%3%22% 7%14%0%11%4%3%
Intermediate occupation1%35%3%4%22%0%10%1%20%2%2%
White-collar worker2%31%4%3%14%3%10%3%25%3%2%
Blue-collar worker1%18%3%3%11%0%11%1%45%4%3%
Retired1%18%5%2%35%1%18%1%12%4%3%
Employment status
Employee1%29%4%4%18%2%11%1%25%3%2%
(Private employee)1%27%2%3%19%3%12%1%25%4%3%
(Public employee)2%33%7%4%16%0%9%3%24%1%1%
Self-employed2%25%4%2%33%0%10%3%14%7%0%
Unemployed4%30%2%1%7%6%11%0%27%9%3%
Education
Less than baccalauréat1%17%2%3%27%3%12%1%28%4%2%
Baccalauréat1%24%5%2%23%0%15%1%23%3%4%
Bac +21%25%5%3%23%0%16%2%18%5%2%
At least bac +32%32%4%2%27%3%12%1%11%3%3%
Monthly household income
Less than €1,2503%34%2%4%19%0%7%4%21%4%2%
€1,250 to €2,0002%28%5%2%19%1%12%2%23%4%2%
€2,000 to €3,0001%26%5%2%27%0%11%1%21%4%2%
More than €3,0000%22%4%3%28%3%17%1%15%4%3%
Moment of choice of vote
In the last few weeks1%29%3%1%28%1%10%1%20%5%1%
In the last few days3%19%6%4%20%2%22%2%17%2%3%
At the last moment2%13%7%8%18%6%20%3%12%2%9%
Agglomeration
Fewer than 2,000 inhabitants1%27%4%2%21%0%12%2%22%4%5%
2,000 to 10,000 inhabitants2%21%5%3%21%1%14%0%26%2%5%
10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants2%22%2%2%29%0%17%1%22%3%0%
50,000 to 200,000 inhabitants2%22%6%2%23%3%13%1%22%5%1%
More than 200,000 inhabitants1%27%4%3%28%2%14%2%13%4%2%
Religion
Roman Catholic1%13%4%3%30%1%19%1%21%5%2%
(Regular practitioner)1%8%8%2%26%3%29%2%14%7%0%
(Occasional practitioner)1%12%2%2%27%4%28%0%17%5%2%
(Non-practitioner)1%13%4%3%31%1%16%2%23%4%2%
Other religion2%38%7%5%18%0%14%0%8%3%5%
Non religion2%39%4%2%20%2%7%1%17%3%3%
Demographic
EXG NUPES DVG ECO ENS DVC UDC/DVD UPF RN REC Others
Sociology of the electorate
Source: Ipsos France [71]

Aftermath

Due to the Ensemble's loss of 100+ seats, they were now 44 seats shy of a majority in the National Assembly, and need to find support among other MPs from the left or the right side of politics to help build a working majority government. President Macron asked Prime Minister Borne, who offered her resignation, to stay in office with the same cabinet in an effort to gain time according to analysts to form a stable government, with or without Borne. [72] LFI requested a vote of no confidence to be held on 5 July. [73] [74]

Despite not ruling out any deal with any party, it is speculated that Macron and Ensemble are eyeing a deal with UDC. [72] Despite previously stating otherwise, [6] UDC's Jacob confirmed that he would take part in talks with Macron. [72] RN's Le Pen and the leaders of two NUPES parties, Olivier Faure (PS) and Fabien Roussel (PCF), stated that they would take part in talks with Macron. LFI's Mélenchon confirmed that he would not take part in talks. [72]

Formation of parliamentary groups

Composition of the National Assembly on 29 June 2022 [75] [76]
Assemble nationale a l'ouverture de la XVIeme legislature.svg
Parliamentary groupMembersRelatedTotalPresident
GDR Democratic and Republican Left - NUPES 22022 André Chassaigne
LFI La France Insoumise - NUPES 75075 Mathilde Panot
ECO Ecologist - NUPES 23023 Julien Bayou
SOC Socialists and affiliated - NUPES 27431 Boris Vallaud
LIOT Liberties, Independents, Overseas, and Territories 16016 Bertrand Pancher
REN Renaissance 1684172 Aurore Bergé
DEM Democratic group, MoDem and Independents 48048 Jean-Paul Mattei
HOR Horizons and affiliated 28230 Laurent Marcangeli
LR The Republicans 59362 Olivier Marleix
RN National Rally 88189 Marine Le Pen
NI Non-Attached Members 9–9–

Vote of no confidence

Shortly after the election, a vote of no confidence was tabled by the left-wing NUPES coalition. It was rejected as only left-wing parliamentary groups supported the motion. [77]

Prime Minister Borne offered her resignation on 21 June 2022, but President Macron refused to accept it. Talks among the various parties to form a stable majority government began later on 21 June but rapidly failed. On 6 July, Borne presented her minority government policy plan to the Parliament. [72] [78]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Several news outlets, such as France Info and Le Monde , give a different result as to the final seat count, with Ensemble on 247 and NUPES on 142, respectively. This is due to differences as to candidates, particularly in the French overseas constituencies, being classified as members of these alliances or not. [10]
  2. ↑ Disputes arose as to the precise percentage of the NUPES vote in the first round, with the Ministry of the Interior claiming a total of 25.66%, while Le Monde and NUPES claim a total of 26.1%, with the discrepancy arising as a result of disputes as to which candidates are counted as members of NUPES. [1] For the purpose of this article, the figures of the Ministry of the Interior are used.
  3. ↑ Includes the Federation of the Republican Left and dissident candidates from the NUPES member parties. Some independent candidates affiliated with the NUPES were also labelled as Miscellaneous left by the Ministry of Interior. In the second round, the result of the Radical Party of the Left was included in the results for the Miscellaneous left by the Ministry.
  4. ↑ Includes Lutte Ouvrière and New Anticapitalist Party.
  5. ↑ Includes the Union for France led by Debout la France and The Patriots.

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Jean-Luc Antoine Pierre Mélenchon is a French politician who has been the de facto leader of La France Insoumise (LFI) since it was established in 2016. He was the deputy in the National Assembly for the 4th constituency of Bouches-du-Rhône from 2017 to 2022 and led the La France Insoumise group in the National Assembly from 2017 to 2021. Mélenchon was previously elected as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in 2009 and reelected in 2014. He has run for President of France three times, in 2012, 2017 and 2022. In 2022, he came within 1.2 percentage points of reaching the second round in France's two-round voting system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pas-de-Calais's 11th constituency</span> Constituency of the National Assembly of France

The 11th constituency of the Pas-de-Calais is a French legislative constituency in the Pas-de-Calais département. It elects one député to the National Assembly. It has been represented by Marine Le Pen since 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippe Poutou</span> French politician (born 1967)

Philippe Poutou is a French far-left politician, former trade unionist and car factory worker. He was the New Anticapitalist Party's candidate in the presidential elections of 2012, 2017 and 2022, in which he respectively received 1.15%, 1.09% and 0.76% of the vote.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 French legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in France on 11 and 18 June 2017 to elect the 577 members of the 15th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. They followed the two-round presidential election won by Emmanuel Macron. The centrist party he founded in 2016, La République En Marche! (LREM), led an alliance with the centrist Democratic Movement (MoDem); together, the two parties won 350 of the 577 seats—a substantial majority—in the National Assembly, including an outright majority of 308 seats for LREM. The Socialist Party (PS) was reduced to 30 seats and the Republicans (LR) reduced to 112 seats, and both parties' allies also suffered from a marked drop in support; these were the lowest-ever scores for the centre-left and centre-right in the legislative elections. The movement founded by Jean-Luc Mélenchon, la France Insoumise (FI), secured 17 seats, enough for a group in the National Assembly. Among other major parties, the French Communist Party (PCF) secured ten and the National Front (FN) obtained eight seats. Both rounds of the legislative election were marked by record low turnout.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renaissance (French political party)</span> French political party

Renaissance (RE) is a political party in France that is typically described as liberal and centrist or centre-right. The party was originally known as En Marche ! (EM) and later La République En Marche !, before adopting its current name in September 2022. RE is the leading force of the centrist Ensemble coalition, coalesced around Emmanuel Macron's original presidential majority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La France Insoumise</span> French political party

La France Insoumise is a left-wing political party in France. It was launched in 2016 by Jean-Luc Mélenchon, then a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and former co-president of the Left Party (PG). It aims to implement the eco-socialist and democratic socialist programme L'Avenir en commun. The party utilises the lower case Greek letter phi as its logotype.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 French presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in France on 10 and 24 April 2022. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held, in which Emmanuel Macron defeated Marine Le Pen and was re-elected as President of France. Macron, from La République En Marche! (LREM), had defeated Le Pen, leader of the National Rally, once already in the 2017 French presidential election, for the term which expired on 13 May 2022. Macron became the first president of France to win a re-election bid since Jacques Chirac won in 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Élisabeth Borne</span> Prime Minister of France from 2022 to 2024

Élisabeth Borne is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from May 2022 to January 2024. A member of President Emmanuel Macron's party Renaissance, she is the second woman to hold the position of Prime Minister after Édith Cresson, who served from 1991 to 1992. Since December 2024, she has served as Minister of National Education, Higher Education and Research in the Bayrou government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paris's 15th constituency</span> Constituency of the National Assembly of France

The 15th constituency of Paris is a French legislative constituency in the Paris département (75). Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system. The constituency is in the East of the city, but before the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, it was based in the west, covering areas now in the 14th and 4th constituencies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haute-Savoie's 2nd constituency</span> Constituency of the National Assembly of France

The 2nd constituency of the Haute-Savoie is a French legislative constituency in the Haute-Savoie département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using a two round electoral system.

Ensemble is a liberal political coalition in France created by Emmanuel Macron. Formed in November 2021 as Ensemble Citoyens, it makes up the presidential majority and includes Renaissance, Democratic Movement (MoDem), Horizons, En commun, and the Progressive Federation. The coalition included the parties Agir and Territories of Progress (TDP) until they were merged into the rebranded Renaissance. Ensemble has mainly been described as being centrist, and sometimes as centre-right on the political spectrum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Ecological and Social People's Union</span> Political coalition in France

The New Ecological and Social People's Union was a left-wing electoral alliance of political parties in France. Formed on May Day 2022, the alliance included La France Insoumise (LFI), the Socialist Party (PS), the French Communist Party (PCF), The Ecologists (LE), Ensemble! (E!), and Génération.s (G.s), and their respective smaller partners. It was the first wide left-wing political alliance since the Plural Left in the 1997 French legislative election. Over 70 dissident candidates who refused the accord still ran.

Sophia Chikirou is a French politician who has represented the 6th constituency of Paris in the National Assembly since 22 May 2022. A member of La France Insoumise (FI), she was elected to Parliament in the first round of the 2022 legislative election. Chikirou has also served as a member of the Regional Council of Île-de-France since 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">François Piquemal</span> French politician and educator

François Piquemal is a French politician and educator who was elected to represent the Haute-Garonne's 4th constituency in the 2022 legislative election. A member of La France Insoumise, Piquemal ran as a candidate of the left-wing New Ecologic and Social People's Union (NUPES) coalition in 2022. Piquemal previously served as a municipal councilor in Toulouse, Occitania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borne government</span> Government of France (2022-2024)

The Borne government was the forty-third government of the French Fifth Republic, formed on 16 May 2022 and headed by Élisabeth Borne as Prime Minister under President Emmanuel Macron. It served as a caretaker government in early January 2024, before Gabriel Attal was appointed prime minister by Macron.

Three motions of no confidence in the French government of Élisabeth Borne were tabled by the left-wing NUPES coalition and the far-right National Rally on 24 October 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 French legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in France on 30 June and 7 July 2024 to elect all 577 members of the 17th National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic. The election followed the dissolution of the National Assembly by President Emmanuel Macron, triggering a snap election after the National Rally (RN) made substantial gains and Macron's Besoin d'Europe electoral list lost a significant number of seats in the 2024 European Parliament election in France.

Legislative elections are not scheduled to be held in France before June 2025 to elect all 577 members of the 17th National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Popular Front</span> Political coalition in France

The New Popular Front is a broad left-wing electoral alliance in France. It was launched on 10 June 2024 to contest the 2024 French legislative election following the gains of far-right parties in the 2024 European Parliament election in France. The Front stood in opposition to both Ensemble, the presidential camp of Emmanuel Macron, as well as the far-right National Rally.

Andréa Kotarac is a French politician. He has served as a councilor from the National Rally (RN) list in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regional council since July 2021. He was previously a member of the regional council for the Left Party (PG)/La France Insoumise (LFI) from January 2016 to September 2019.

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  78. ↑ "Discours de politique générale sans vote de confiance : comment Elisabeth Borne prépare son baptême du feu", Le Parisien (in French), 4 July 2022.
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