Nieuport 27

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Nieuport 27
Nieuport27.jpg
USAAS Nieuport 27 advanced trainer
General information
Typefighter / advanced trainer
National origin France
Manufacturer Nieuport, Nakajima, Uruguayan Air Force
Designer
Primary users Aéronautique Militaire
Number builtapprox 1,000
History
Introduction dateOctober 1917
First flight1917
Retired1931 (Uruguay)
Developed from Nieuport 24

The Nieuport 27 (or Nieuport XXVII C.1 in contemporary sources) was a World War I French sesquiplane fighter aircraft designed by Gustave Delage. The 27 was the last of the line of Nieuport "V-strut" single seat fighters that began with the Nieuport 10 of 1914. Operational examples supplemented the very similar Nieuport 24 and 24bis in operational squadrons in late 1917 and many would also be used as advanced trainers.

Contents

Design and development

The Nieuport 27's design closely followed that of the 24, sharing the same faired fuselage, rounded ailerons and half-heart shaped rudder. [1] The only externally visible changes from the 24 included the replacement of the fixed external wood Nieuport type sprung tailskid with an internally pivoted type, and the replacement of the single undercarriage axle that connected both wheels, with one that had a hinge along the centerline – and one extra wire. [1] By 1918, many Nieuport fighters were being used as advanced trainers, and the 130 hp (97 kW) Le Rhône 9JB Rotary engine was often replaced by lower powered engines, such as the 80 hp (60 kW) Le Rhône 9C. [2]

Operational Nieuport 27s in Italian and French service were armed with a synchronized, fuselage-mounted .303 in (7.70 mm) Vickers machine gun occasionally supplemented with an overwing Lewis Gun mounted on one of several mountings. In British service with the Royal Flying Corps and later the Royal Air Force a .303 in (7.70 mm) Lewis Gun was mounted on a Foster mounting above the top wing.

Nieuport produced a number of prototypes either contemporary to, or based on the Nieuport 27, including one with a 150 hp (110 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8 V-8 inline engine that may have been designated the Nieuport 26, another with an enlarged 2 spar lower wing and a third with a redesigned front fuselage with a further simplified cabane structure, and a Vickers mounted on the forward port longeron. Development of the Nieuport 28, with ailerons moved to the two spar lower wing, rounded wingtips and a simplified fuselage structure, concluded further development of the 27 line.

Operational history

Godefroy passing through the Arc de Triomphe. Godefroy flight.jpg
Godefroy passing through the Arc de Triomphe.
Nieuport 27 drawing Nieuport 27 drawing.jpg
Nieuport 27 drawing

Despite being obsolescent before entering service, the type served with a large number of French Aéronautique Militaire units, pending availability of the newer SPAD S.XIII. [1]

In protest of the humiliation of airmen being ordered to march rather than fly for the main French victory parade on the Champs Élysées to celebrate the end of the First World War, Charles Godefroy flew a Nieuport 27 through the 14.50 m (47.6 ft) gap between the pillars of the Arc de Triomphe, three weeks after the official victory parade, on 7 August 1919, an act which was widely reported in contemporary newspapers. [3]

All Italian Nieuport 27s were imported from France. [4] About 200 [5] Nieuport 27s were supplied to Italy as Nieuport-Macchi was already at capacity producing the Hanriot HD.1 under licence.

The British Royal Flying Corps obtained 71 Nieuport 27s in 1917, [6] supplementing or replacing earlier Nieuports. These were used until early 1918 when Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5As became available in sufficient numbers, with the final operational examples being used in Palestine, while others were used in secondary roles, in the UK for training and trials. [7]

In 1918 the United States Army Air Service placed orders for 461 Nieuport 27 E.Is for use as advanced fighter-trainers, of which 287 were delivered. [8] [7]

The Japanese bought several pattern aircraft and from 1921 to 1923 built 102 aircraft, with production starting by the Army Supply Depot at Tokorozawa until taken over by the Nakajima Aircraft Company. These were later designated as the 甲 3 (Ko 3), however the Japanese did not distinguish between the 24 and the 27. [9]

The Uruguayan Air Service (Escuela Militar de Aviación (EMA)) purchased 6 surplus Nieuport 27s from France before EMA built an additional 18 unlicensed copies. In 1930 these were redesignated as AIME 10 (Avión de Instrucción Modelo Escuela – Training aircraft school model 10). [10] The last of these were only retired in 1931. [11]

After being retired from military service, a number of Nieuport 27s found their way onto the civil aircraft registers, particularly in France and Japan.

Operators

Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Kingdom of Bulgaria
Flag of France (1794-1958).svg  France
Pilot of Escadrille N 87 Nieuport 27 preparing to depart, with a Nieuport 24bis in the background Lt. Destainville of Escadrille N 87 in his Nieuport 27 fighter at Luneville airfield before departing on a flight (cropped).jpg
Pilot of Escadrille N 87 Nieuport 27 preparing to depart, with a Nieuport 24bis in the background
Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg  Kingdom of Greece
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Kingdom of Italy
Italian Corpo Aeronautico Militare Nieuport 27 Novelli Gastone-light.jpg
Italian Corpo Aeronautico Militare Nieuport 27
Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg  Empire of Japan
Flag of Russia.svg  Russian Empire / Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg  Kingdom of Serbia
Flag of Thailand.svg Siam
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Royal Flying Corps Nieuport 27 The Royal Flying Corps on the Western Front, 1914-1918 Q11955.jpg
Royal Flying Corps Nieuport 27
Nieuport 27 trainer of the American Expeditionary Force's 31st Aero squadron. Nieuport 27 of 31st Aero squadron with fancy paint job.jpg
Nieuport 27 trainer of the American Expeditionary Force's 31st Aero squadron.
Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay

Specifications

Camouflaged Nieuport 27 C.1 in French markings Nieuport 27 C.1 French First World War single seat fighter colourized drawing.jpg
Camouflaged Nieuport 27 C.1 in French markings
Nieuport Type N5 airfoil drawings Nieuport 24 Type N5 airfoils.jpg
Nieuport Type N5 airfoil drawings

Data fromDavilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. p. 404. ISBN   978-1891268090.

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

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References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Davilla, 1997, p.400
  2. Varriale 2015, p.10
  3. "Un avion passe sous l'Arc de Triomphe". L'Écho de Paris . 8 August 1919. p. 1.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Davilla, 1997, p.403
  5. Varriale 2015, p.32
  6. Varriale 2015, p.31
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Davilla, 1997, p.404
  8. Varriale 2015, pp.9–10
  9. Varriale 2015, p.21
  10. Varriale 2015, p.24
  11. Varriale 2015, p.25
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Davilla, 1997, p.401
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Davilla, 1997, p.402
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Varriale 2015, p.20
  15. Pommier, p.182
  16. 1 2 Pommier, 2002, p.182

Bibliography

  • Cooklsley, Peyter (1997). Nieuport Fighters in Action. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN   978-0-89747-377-4..
  • Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. ISBN   978-1891268090.
  • Franks, Norman (2000). Nieuport Aces of World War 1 - Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 33. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN   1-85532-961-1.
  • Pommier, Gerard (2002). Nieuport 1875-1911 — A biography of Edouard Nieuport. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN   978-0764316241.
  • Rosenthal, Léonard; Marchand, Alain; Borget, Michel; Bénichou, Michel (1997). Nieuport 1909-1950 Collection Docavia Volume 38. Clichy Cedex, France: Editions Lariviere. ISBN   978-2848900711.
  • Sanger, Ray (2002). Nieuport Aircraft of World War One. Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN   978-1861264473.
  • Varriale, Paolo (2015). Nieuport 24/27 at war!. Windsock/Centenary Datafile 167. Hertfordshire, Great Britain: Albatros Publications. ISBN   978-1906798406.