No. 4 Group RAF

Last updated

No. 4 Group RAF
Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg
Active1 April 1918 – 24 March 1919
1 April 1937 – 2 February 1948
CountryFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
BranchEnsign of the Royal Air Force.svg  Royal Air Force
Type Royal Air Force group
Role Strategic and tactical bombing (1937 - 1945)
Military transport (1945 - 1948)
Part of RAF Bomber Command
(April 1937 – May 1945)
RAF Transport Command
(May 1945 – February 1948)
Group Headquarters RAF Linton-on-Ouse
(April 1937 – January 1940)
Heslington Hall
(January 1940 – February 1948)
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Arthur "Bomber" Harris

No. 4 Group RAF (4Gp) was a Royal Air Force group, originally formed in the First World War, and reformed in the wake of the Second World War, mostly part of RAF Bomber Command, but ending its days in RAF Transport Command.

Contents

History

Formation in the First World War

No. 4 Group was originally formed in October 1918 at the Seaplane Experimental Station, Felixstowe just before the end of the First World War and disbanded a year later in 1919. In its first incarnation, No. 4 Group was created by augmenting the former Royal Naval Air Service group at RNAS Great Yarmouth which had been responsible for anti-submarine and anti-Zeppelin operations over the North Sea. The former RNAS group was designated as No. 73 Wing within the new No. 4 Group. The commanding officer of No. 4 Group was Colonel C R Samson. [1] With the 1918–1919 postwar demobilization of the RAF, No. 4 Group was disbanded on 24 March 1919.

Reformation in the Second World War

A Handley Page Heyford Handley Page Heyford.jpg
A Handley Page Heyford

With the buildup of the RAF prior to the outbreak of the Second World War, No. 4 Group was reformed on 1 April 1937 as part of RAF Bomber Command based at RAF Mildenhall, Suffolk under A/Cdre Arthur Harris (later Air Vice-Marshal "Bomber" Harris). On 29 June 1937 the headquarters were relocated at RAF Linton-on-Ouse, Yorkshire when 4 Group took over a number of stations and squadrons from No. 3 Group RAF. 4 Group was primarily based in Yorkshire for the duration of the war. Its airfields became further concentrated south and east of York when 6 Group was formed (1 March 1943) using airfields north of the city. [2] The flying units of those were these, mainly flying with the Handley Page Heyford biplane bomber:

A Vickers Virginia Vickers Virginia, 1922.jpg
A Vickers Virginia
Order of battle for no. 4 Group RAF, 29 June 1937, data from [3] [4]
BaseSquadronAircraftVersion
RAF Dishforth No. 10 Squadron RAF

No. 78 Squadron RAF
Handley Page Heyford
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Handley Page Heyford
Mks.IA, III
Mk.I
Mks.II, III
RAF Driffield No. 77 Squadron RAF
No. 102 Squadron RAF
Hawker Audax
Handley Page Heyford

Mks.II, III
RAF Finningley No. 7 Squadron RAF

No. 76 Squadron RAF
Handley Page Heyford
Vickers Wellesley
Vickers Wellesley
Mks.II, III
Mk.I
Mk.I
RAF Leconfield No. 166 Squadron RAF Handley Page Heyford Mk.III
RAF Linton-on-Ouse
(Previously at RAF Boscombe Down)
No. 51 Squadron RAF

No. 58 Squadron RAF
Vickers Virginia
Avro Anson
Vickers Virginia
Avro Anson
Mk.X
Mk.I
Mk.X
Mk.I

The group's first operation was on the night of 3 September 1939 when ten Whitley Mk.IIIs of Nos. 51 and 58 Squadrons took off to drop leaflets in the Ruhr and over Hamburg and Bremen. By this time the group had shrunk to six squadrons and the equipment had been standardised to the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley. RAF Finningley had gone over to No. 5 Group RAF and RAF Leconfield was "Under care and Maintenance" by No. 4 Group.

An Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Armstrong Whitworth Whitley.jpg
An Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Order of battle for no. 4 Group RAF, 26 September 1939, data from [3] [4] [5]
BaseSquadronAircraftVersion
RAF Dishforth No. 10 Squadron RAF
No. 78 Squadron RAF
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Mks.I, IV
Mks.I, IV
RAF Driffield No. 77 Squadron RAF
No. 102 Squadron RAF
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Mks.III, V
Mk.III
RAF Linton-on-Ouse No. 51 Squadron RAF
No. 58 Squadron RAF
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Mks.II, III
Mks.I, II, III

The first land bombing mission was by 26 out of 30 Whitleys from Nos. 10, 102, 77 and 51 Squadrons detailed to attack the seaplane base at Hornum on 20 March 1940. In April 1940 the group moved its headquarters to Heslington Hall, near York. In August/September 1940 No. 4 Group took part in eight attacks on Berlin, oil targets and ports. On 1 April 1941 104 Squadron was formed at RAF Driffield as part of No. 4 Group, equipped with the Vickers Wellington and carried out night bombing operations from May 1941 until February 1942.

On 24 July 1941, 4 Group dropped 2,000 lb bombs on the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and helped to keep these battle-cruisers locked in Brest until 12 February 1942. By January 1942 the Group had grown considerably and was made out of the following flying units, which were in full conversion from the Whitley to the Vickers Wellington medium and Handley Page Halifax heavy bomber:

A Vickers Wellington Vickers Wellington 1 ExCC.jpg
A Vickers Wellington
Order of battle for no. 4 Group RAF, 9 January 1942, data from [6]
BaseSquadronAircraftVersion
RAF Dishforth No. 51 Squadron RAF Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Mk.V
RAF Driffield No. 104 Squadron RAF Vickers Wellington Mk.II
RAF Leeming No. 10 Squadron RAF
No. 77 Squadron RAF
Handley Page Halifax
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Mk.II
Mk.V
RAF Leconfield No. 98 Squadron RAF Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Mk.V (non-operational)
RAF Linton-on-Ouse No. 35 Squadron RAF
No. 58 Squadron RAF
Handley Page Halifax
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Mks.I, II
Mk.V
RAF Middleton St. George No. 76 Squadron RAF
No. 78 Squadron RAF
Handley Page Halifax
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Mks.I, II
Mk.V
RAF Pocklington No. 405 Squadron RCAF Vickers Wellington Mk.II
RAF Stradishall No. 138 Squadron RAF Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Mk.V
RAF Topcliffe No. 102 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
Mk.II
Mk.V (operational on Whitleys)

On 30/31 May 1942 No. 4 Group played its part in the 1000 bomber raid on Cologne, providing 154 aircraft and the follow-up raid on Essen, providing 142 aircraft. In early 1943 No. 4 Group made a substantial contribution in the Battle of the Ruhr, which lasted until July. Losses were heavy but the results worthwhile. By March 1943 the group was made out of these flying units, conversion to the Halifax and Wellington was almost finished (some squadrons having still one or two Whitleys at hand):

A Halifax B.Mk.II of 78 Squadron, one of the squadrons of No. 4 Group. Halifax Bomber 2 ExCC.jpg
A Halifax B.Mk.II of 78 Squadron, one of the squadrons of No. 4 Group.
Order of battle for no. 4 Group RAF, 4 March 1943, data from [7]
BaseSquadronAircraftVersion
RAF Burn No. 431 Squadron RCAF Vickers Wellington Mk.X
RAF East Moor No. 429 Squadron RCAF Vickers Wellington Mks.III, X
RAF Elvington No. 77 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mks.II, V
RAF Leconfield No. 196 Squadron RAF
No. 466 Squadron RAAF
Vickers Wellington
Vickers Wellington
Mk.X
Mk.X
RAF Linton-on-Ouse No. 76 Squadron RAF
No. 78 Squadron RAF
Handley Page Halifax
Handley Page Halifax
Mks.II, V
Mk.II
RAF Melbourne No. 10 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.II
RAF Pocklington No. 102 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.II
RAF Rufforth No. 158 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.II
RAF Snaith No. 51 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.II
No. 4 Group controlled the following bases at various times between March 1943 and September 1945 [8]
No. 41 BaseNo. 42 BaseNo. 43 BaseNo. 44 Base
RAF Marston Moor (HQ)RAF Pocklington (HQ)RAF Driffield (HQ)RAF Holme-on-Spalding Moor (HQ)
RAF Acaster MalbisRAF ElvingtonRAF LeconfieldRAF Breighton
RAF RiccallRAF MelbourneRAF LissettRAF Melbourne
RAF RufforthRAF Pocklington
RAF Full Sutton

In May/June 1944, 4 Group welcomed two French heavy-bomber squadrons - Nos. 346 and 347 Squadrons - to RAF Elvington. On that station a gradual changeover from RAF to French Air Force personnel was effected, so that by September 1944, the station was almost exclusively French and commanded by an officer of the French Air Force. In July 1944 the group looked like this, having pretty much standardised on the Halifax B.Mk.III:

A Halifax B.Mk.III Halifax-mk3.jpg
A Halifax B.Mk.III
Order of battle for no. 4 Group RAF, July 1944, data from [9] [ verification needed ]
BaseSquadronAircraftVersion
RAF Breighton No. 78 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Burn No. 578 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Driffield No. 466 Squadron RAAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Elvington No. 346 Squadron RAF
No. 347 Squadron RAF
Handley Page Halifax
Handley Page Halifax
Mk.III
Mks.III, V
RAF Full Sutton No. 77 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Holme-on-Spalding Moor No. 76 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Leconfield No. 640 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Lissett No. 158 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Melbourne No. 10 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Pocklington No. 102 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mks.III, IIIa
RAF Snaith No. 51 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III

Prior to the invasion of Normandy in June 1944 intense attacks began on French marshalling yards and gun emplacements on the French coast, troop concentrations and V-weapon sites, reaching a peak in August when 3,629 sorties were flown. In addition No. 4 Group undertook urgent transport work and in little more than one week ferried 432,840 gallons of petrol to the British Second Army during Operation Market Garden.

In 1945, 4 Group attacked targets at Hanover, Magdeburg, Stuttgart, Cologne, Munster and Osnabrück plus the Sterkrade, Wanne-Eickel, Bottrop and many other synthetic-oil centres, bombing by day and night. Its attention later transferred to bombing railway centres in preparation for the crossing of the Rhine.

During the war 61,577 operational sorties were flown, the group trained many Bomber Command crews and helped to create two other bomber groups. On 7 May 1945 No. 4 Group was transferred to Transport Command, and by July 1945 the group consisted of the following flying units:

A Douglas Dakota in RAF colours. Douglas DC-3 (Dakota) Goraszka 2008 151.JPG
A Douglas Dakota in RAF colours.
A RAF Consolidated Liberator. B 24 in raf service 23 03 05.jpg
A RAF Consolidated Liberator.
Order of battle for no. 4 Group RAF, July 1945, data from [10] [ verification needed ] [11]
BaseSquadronAircraftVersion
RAF Bramcote No. 105 (Transport) Operational Training Unit Vickers Wellington
Douglas Dakota
Mks.Ic, X
Mks.III, IV
RAF Breighton No. 78 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax
Douglas Dakota
Mk.VI
Mk.IV
RAF Crosby-on-Eden No. 109 Operational Training Unit RAF Douglas Dakota Mks.III, IV
RAF Driffield No. 426 Squadron RCAF Consolidated Liberator Mks.VI, VIII
RAF Elvington No. 346 Squadron RAF
No. 347 Squadron RAF
Handley Page Halifax
Handley Page Halifax
Mk.VI
Mk.VI
RAF Full Sutton No. 77 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax
Douglas Dakota
Mk.VI
Mks.III, IV
RAF Holme-on-Spalding Moor No. 76 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax
Douglas Dakota
Mk.VI
Mk.IV
RAF Leconfield No. 51 Squadron RAF Short Stirling Mk.V
RAF Lissett No. 158 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax
Short Stirling
Mk.VI
Mk.V
RAF Melbourne No. 10 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mk.III
RAF Pocklington No. 102 Squadron RAF Handley Page Halifax Mks.III, IIIa, VI
RAF Wymeswold No. 108 OTU Douglas Dakota Mks.I, III, IV

Commanders

See also

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References

Citations

  1. Shepherd, E.C. (2004). "Samson, Charles Rumney". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press . Retrieved 4 June 2010.
  2. Otter 1998 , p. 15.
  3. 1 2 Halley 1988 , pp. 38–235.
  4. 1 2 Jefford 2001 , pp. 30–67.
  5. Moyes 1976 , p. 301.
  6. Moyes 1976 , pp. 302–303.
  7. Moyes 1976 , p. 304.
  8. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 77.
  9. Delve 1994 , p. 69
  10. Delve 1994 , p. 81.
  11. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007 , p. 206.

Bibliography

  • Delve, Ken (1994). The Source Book of the RAF. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN   1-85310-451-5.
  • Donnelly, G. L. (1991). The Whitley Boys: The Story of No. 4 (Bomber) Group's Operations in the first year of WWII. New Malden, Surrey: Air Research Publications. ISBN   1-871187-11-7.
  • Halley, James J. (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918-1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN   0-85130-164-9.
  • Jefford, C. G. (2001). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912 (second ed.). Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN   1-85310-053-6.
  • Moyes, Philip J. R. (1976). Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft (2nd ed.). London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN   0-354-01027-1.
  • Otter, Patrick (1998). Yorkshire Airfields in the Second World War. Hushion House. ISBN   1853065420.
  • Sturtivant, R.; Hamlin, J. (2007). Royal Air Force flying training and support units since 1912. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN   978-0851-3036-59.