RAF Topcliffe

RAF Topcliffe
Topcliffe, North Yorkshire in England
A Grob Viking T.1, similar to the type flown by No. 645 Volunteer Gliding Squadron based at Topcliffe
RAF Topcliffe Location within North Yorkshire
Coordinates	54°12′20″N001°22′56″W / 54.20556°N 1.38222°W / 54.20556; -1.38222
Type	Military airfield
Code	TP
Area	117 hectares
Site information
Owner	Ministry of Defence
Operator	Royal Air Force
Controlled by	No. 22 Group (Training)
Condition	Operational
Site history
Built	1939–1940
In use	1939 (1939) – present
Battles/wars	Second World War Cold War
Airfield information
Identifiers	ICAO: EGXZ, WMO: 03265
Elevation	28 metres (92 ft) AMSL
Runways Direction Length and surface 02/20 1,826 metres (5,991 ft)  Asphalt 13/31 1,256 metres (4,121 ft)  Stone mastic asphalt/asphalt
Source: UK Military Aeronautical Information Publication – Topcliffe (EGXZ) [1]

Royal Air Force Topcliffe or RAF Topcliffe( ICAO : EGXZ) is a Royal Air Force station in North Yorkshire, England.

It was established as a RAF Bomber Command station in 1940. The British Army took over a large part of the site in 1974 and the airfield became an enclave within Alanbrooke Barracks. The last remaining RAF unit is No. 645 Volunteer Gliding Squadron which operates the Grob Viking T.1 glider.

History

Second World War

Royal Air Force Topcliffe opened in September 1940 as a bomber station in RAF Bomber Command and was home to No. 77 Squadron ^[2] and No. 102 Squadron, both flying the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley heavy bomber. ^[3] There was a decoy site at Raskelf. ^[4] No. 419 Squadron ^[5] and No. 424 Squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) moved in flying Vickers Wellington bombers and later, the Handley Page Halifax III. ^[5] On 1 January 1943 the station was transferred to No. 6 Group RCAF and became a training station. ^[6] No. 61 (RCAF) Base RAF was here between 25 March 1943 and November 1944 and became No. 76 (RCAF) Base RAF with the unit disbanding on 1 September 1945, the unit controlled sub-stations at Wombleton, Dalton and Dishforth. ^{[7] [8]}

Units

• 801 Naval Air Squadron ^[9]
• 812 Naval Air Squadron ^[9]
• 813 Naval Air Squadron ^[9]
• 824 Naval Air Squadron ^[9]
• No. 405 Squadron RCAF between 1 and 6 March 1943 with the Halifax II ^[10]
• No. 16 Blind Approach Training Flight RAF between 22 September 1941 and October 1941 became No. 1516 (Beam Approach Training) Flight RAF until 17 November 1941 ^[11]
• No. 102 Conversion Flight RAF between 10 June 1942 and 7 August 1942 ^[12]
• No. 405 Conversion Flight RAF between 7 August and 7 October 1942 ^[12]
• No. 1659 Heavy Conversion Unit RAF between 14 March and 16 September 1943 ^[13]
• No. 2805 Squadron RAF Regiment ^[9]

Cold War

Handley Page Hastings of 24 & 47 Squadrons based at Topcliffe in 1952

No. 1 Air Navigation School was initially here between 9 April 1947 and 1 May 1954 with Wellingtons and Ansons. Navigation Staff Pilot(s) Training Flight RAF was here between October 1948 and December 1949 within No. 1 ANS. ^[14] The School was reformed here and operated between 15 March 1957 and 1 December 1961. ^[15]

The Air Electronics School RAF arrived on 14 January 1962 and from 30 January 1967 became the Air Electronics and Engineers School RAF, flying the Vickers Varsity T.1 until 26 October 1973. ^[16]

From 1 October 1964, the Northern Communications Squadron RAF flew the Avro Anson C.19, replacing them with Beagle Basset CC.1 before the squadron departed on 6 January 1969. ^[17]

The Airman Aircrew Initial Training School was located at Topcliffe from 30 January 1967 until February 1970 when it was disbanded into 6 FTS. ^[15]

No. 15 Aviation Flight of the Army Air Corps flew the de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver AL.1 from the early 1970s and No. 666 Aviation Squadron AAC flew Westland Scout AH.1 helicopters between 1973 and 1978.^{[ citation needed ]}

Between 1972 and 1973, most of the station was transferred to the British Army and became Alanbrooke Barracks. ^[18]

During the 1980s, Topcliffe was home of the Royal Navy Elementary Flying Training Squadron. ^[19] From 24 April 1995 it was temporarily home to a Short Tucano squadron of the RAF Central Flying School. ^[20] It was the home of the Tucano Air Navigation Squadron, teaching student navigators of both the RAF and the Royal Navy until 2003, when it moved to RAF Linton-on-Ouse. ^[21]

During the 1990s and until 2001, the airfield was utilised by Merlin Parachute Club, home to both the 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment parachute display team and the University of York Sport Parachute Club. ^[8]

Units

• No. 24 Squadron RAF between 9 February 1951 and 6 May 1953 with the Hastings ^[22]
• No. 36 Squadron RAF between 1 July 1953 and 28 February 1957 with the Lockheed Neptune MR.1 ^[23]
• No. 47 Squadron RAF between 22 August 1949 and 13 May 1953 with the Hastings ^[24]
• No. 53 Squadron RAF between 1 August 1949 and 9 February 1951 with the Hastings ^[25]
• No. 203 Squadron RAF between 15 August 1952 and 1 September 1956 with the Neptune MR.1 ^[26]
• No. 210 Squadron RAF between 26 September 1952 and 31 January 1957 with the Lancaster ASR.3 and Neptune MR.1 ^[27]
• No. 297 Squadron RAF between 22 August 1949 and 15 November 1950 with the Hastings ^[28]
• No. 5 Air Navigation School RAF between 17 September 1946 and 9 April 1947. ^[15]
• No. 28 Gliding School RAF between February 1948 and February 1949 ^[29]
• Relief Landing Ground for No. 242 Operational Conversion Unit RAF from 1 April 1958 ^[30]
• No. 1453 Flight RAF between 5 May 1953 and 30 June 1956 ^[31]
• Aircrew Holding Unit RAF between 9 December 1966 and 26 November 1970 ^[32]

21st century

No. 645 Volunteer Gliding Squadron moved to the airfield in 2003, after their previous home at the former RAF Catterick became increasingly unusable. ^[33]

No. 635 Volunteer Gliding Squadron also operated from Topcliffe from 2009 when it moved from its former home at RAF Samlesbury. ^[8] The unit disbanded in 2016 as part of the relaunch of air cadet aviation. ^[34]

RAF Topcliffe was a satellite station which served in the role of a Relief Landing Ground for Short Tucano T.1 aircraft of No. 1 Flying Training School previously based nearby at RAF Linton-on-Ouse (one of two, the other being Dishforth Airfield). ^[35]

Tucano Element of No. 6 Flying Training School RAF between April 1995 and March 1996 ^[36] and Joint Elementary Flying Training School RAF between 1 April 1993 and 1 April 1995. ^[37]

In 2012, Yorkshire Air Ambulance moved their second base to RAF Topcliffe from nearby Bagby Airfield. ^[38]

Role and operations

Since the British Army took over a large part of the site in 1974 to establish Alanbrooke Barracks, the airfield is now enclosed within the Barracks. ^[35]

The last remaining RAF unit based at Topcliffe is No. 645 Volunteer Gliding Squadron, which teaches Air Cadets to fly the Grob Viking T.1.

As of March 2012, the station is the permanent base of G-YOAA one of the two Yorkshire Air Ambulances. ^[39]

Based units

Units based at RAF Topcliffe. ^{[40] [41]}

Royal Air Force

No. 22 Group (Training) RAF

• No. 2 Flying Training School
  • No. 645 Volunteer Gliding Squadron

Civilian

• Yorkshire Air Ambulance – Airbus H145

See also

• List of Royal Air Force stations

References

Citations

1. "UK Military Aeronautical Information Publication – Topcliffe (EGXZ)" (PDF). No.1 Aeronautical Information Documents Unit. Royal Air Force. 8 October 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
2. Jefford 1988, p. 48.
3. Jefford 1988, p. 54.
4. Delve 2006, p. 261.
5. Jefford 1988, p. 91.
6. Graham, John M. (2001) [2000]. The Millennium Book of Topcliffe. Thirsk: Graham. p. 163. ISBN   0-9538045-0-X.
7. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 77.
8. "Airfield History". No. 645 Volunteer Gliding Society. Retrieved 30 March 2014.^{[ dead link ‍]}
9. "Topcliffe". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust . Retrieved 29 August 2023.
10. Jefford 1988, p. 89.
11. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 126.
12. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 96.
13. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 97.
14. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 193.
15. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 49.
16. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 45.
17. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 194.
18. Halpenny 1982, p. 193.
19. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 229.
20. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 84.
21. Jefford, C. G. (2014) [2001]. Observers and navigators : and other non-pilot aircrew in the RFC, RNAS and RAF (Updated and expanded ed.). London: Grub Street. p. 345. ISBN   978-1-909808-02-7.
22. Jefford 1988, p. 32.
23. Jefford 1988, p. 37.
24. Jefford 1988, p. 40.
25. Jefford 1988, p. 42.
26. Jefford 1988, p. 68.
27. Jefford 1988, p. 70.
28. Jefford 1988, p. 84.
29. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 144.
30. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 198.
31. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 123.
32. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 43.
33. "HISTORY". 645vgs. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
34. Brazier, Julian (10 March 2016). "Air Cadet Aviation Relaunch:Written statement – HCWS605". UK Parliament. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
35. Graham, John M. (2001) [2000]. The Millennium Book of Topcliffe. Thirsk: Graham. p. 173. ISBN   0-9538045-0-X.
36. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 136.
37. Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007, p. 169.
38. "Flying visit set to become permanent for Yorkshire Air Ambulance". York Press. 10 February 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
39. "HRH The Duke of York KG officially opens our Northern Airbase". Yorkshire Air Ambulance. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
40. "Gliders Return to 645 VGS at RAF Topcliffe". 645 VGS. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
41. "Topcliffe Air Support Unit". Yorkshire Air Ambulance. Retrieved 29 August 2023.

Bibliography

• Delve, Ken (2006). Northern England : Co. Durham, Cumbria, Isle of Man, Lancashire, Merseyside, Manchester, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, Yorkshire. Ramsbury: Crowood. ISBN   1-86126-809-2.
• Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (1982). Action Stations: Military Airfields of Yorkshire v. 4. Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN   0-85059-532-0.
• Jefford, C. G. (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN   1-85310-053-6.
• Sturtivant, R.; Hamlin, J. (2007). Royal Air Force flying training and support units since 1912. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN   978-0851-3036-59.

External links

• 645 VGS
• UK Military Aeronautical Information Publication – Topcliffe (EGXZ)